Control genético del tamaño floral en Antirrhinum majus

[SPA] El objetivo principal del presente trabajo de tesis es entender los mecanismos genéticos del tamaño floral en Antirrhinum majus. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio genético de mutantes de A. majus que afectan al tamaño floral. En primer lugar se evaluó la estabilidad de los parámetros en estudio frente a condiciones de hacinamiento y reducción artificial del área foliar en plantas silvestre (165E). Estos resultados demostraron que los órganos laterales del cuerpo tienden a reducir la masa total frente al hacinamiento. Las hojas disminuyen de forma preferencial en tamaño, manteniendo el número. De forma opuesta, se reduce la producción de flores mientras el tamaño floral permanece prácticamente imperturbable. Estos resultados indican que el tamaño floral es un carácter estable frente a las condiciones de hacinamiento y a la reducción del área foliar. Se seleccionaron mutantes de A. majus en genes que afectan el tamaño y las proporciones florales: COMPACTA (CO), GRANDIFLORA (GRAF) Y FORMOSA (FO). En primer lugar se realizaron análisis de segregación en poblaciones F2 y se observó que los mutantes co y fo son alelos recesivos mientras el mutante Graf es un alelo dominante. El mutante co presenta reducción en el tamaño de todos los órganos de las plantas incluyendo hojas y flores. Afecta de forma específica los sépalos, pétalos y gineceos reduciendo su tamaño y provocando variaciones en la expansión y/o la división celular dependiendo de los diferentes órganos o verticilos de la flor. Graf, que presente un efecto prácticamente exclusivo en el tamaño de la flor, parece provocar cambios opuestos a co incrementando el tamaño de todos los órganos florales. Provoca un aumento en la expansión celular de la superficie de los pétalos y en la división en los órganos sexuales. El análisis de los dobles mutantes Graf co sugiere una posible participación de ambos genes en una misma ruta de control del tamaño de los pétalos. Los dobles mutantes entre co y un gen de identidad de clase B (que también reduce el tamaño de los órganos florales) muestran sinergismo entre ambos genes en cuanto al tamaño y la identidad del pétalo. Estos resultados sugieren que ambos genes participan en rutas paralelas en el control del tamaño e identidad de los órganos del segundo verticilo. El mutante fo, afecta exclusivamente el tamaño de la flor con órganos florales más grandes en los tres verticilos externos. Produce un incremento en el número de células en todos los órganos provocando un aumento de los niveles de expresión de AmAINTEGUMENTA en los meristemos florales así como un aumento de la expresión de genes relacionados con la actividad del ciclo celular en pétalos. También reduce la expansión celular de pétalos y gineceos causando una mayor expresión del gen AmBigPetal. El análisis de los dobles mutantes con un gen de identidad de clase C muestra que la acción diferencial de fo en cuanto al aumento en el tamaño de los órganos no parece ser específica de la identidad de los órganos. En el doble mutante también se observa sinergismo en cuanto al aumento del tamaño producido por fo lo que sugiere una posible participación de ambos genes en control del tamaño de los pétalos por vías redundantes. La presencia de mutantes pleiotrópicos afectando el tamaño de todos los órganos laterales de las plantas y de genes con efectos específicos en el tamaño floral indican que existen al menos dos grupos de genes que controlan el tamaño floral, uno que controla tanto el crecimiento vegetativo como reproductivo y otro específico de la flor.[ENG] The main objective of this thesis is to uncover the genetic control of floral size in Antirrhinum majus. We have done a characterization of A. majus mutants. First step was the evaluation of the stability of floral size against crowding conditions and artificial foliar reduction, in wild type 165E plants. These results demonstrated that plant lateral organs tend to reduce total mass upon crowding. Leaf number proofed a stable character, while leaf size decreased. In contrary, flower number was reduced while floral size was stable. Results indicate that floral size is a stable character both under crowding and foliar reduction. The following genes of A. majus whose mutants affect floral size and proportions were selected: COMPACTS (CO), GRANDIFLORA (GRAF) Y FORMOSA (FO). A segregation analysis in F2 populations revealed that co and fo mutants are recessive alleles while Graf mutant is a dominant allele. The mutant co shows a reduction in the size of all plant lateral organs including flowers and leaves. In the flowers we observed a size reduction of sepals, petals and carpels either due to changes in cell expansion and/or cell division, depending on the floral organ identity or the floral whorl. Graf, which almost exclusive effect flower size, shows a phenotype opposite to co with an increase in size of all floral organs. Changes are due to an increment on cell expansion in petals and cell division in sexual organs. Analysis of the double mutant, Graf co, suggests that both genes act in the same route controlling petal size. Double mutants between co and a class B floral identity gene (which also reduces floral organ size) show a synergistic effect between both genes concerning organ size and petal identity. This suggests that the two genes could participate in organ size control and petal identity in parallel routes. The mutant fo affect exclusively flowers showing bigger floral organs in the three outer whorls. Increases cell number in all floral organs. Expression level of AINTEGUMENTA is elevated in floral meristems and those of cell cycle related genes in mutant petals. Cell expansion is reduced in petals and carpels and this coincides with an up regulation of BigPetal gene. Double mutant analysis between fo and a class C flower identity gene indicates that fo effect is not specific of organ identity. The fo double mutant also shows synergism with the class C identity gene suggesting a putative participation of both genes in redundant routes in the control of petal size. The presences of pleiotropic mutants affecting all plant lateral organs, and genes that disturb only flower size indicate the presence of at least two gene groups, one controlling vegetative and reproductive growth and another flower specific one.Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaPrograma de doctorado en Tecnología Agraria y Alimentari

Analysis of variation for apomictic reproduction in diploid Paspalum rufum

Background and Aims: The diploid cytotype of Paspalum rufum (Poaceae) reproduces sexually and is self-sterile; however, recurrent autopolyploidization through 2n + n fertilization and the ability for reproduction via apomixis have been documented in one genotype of the species. The objectives of this work were to analyse the variation in the functionality of apomixis components in diploid genotypes of P. rufum and to identify individuals with contrasting reproductive behaviours. Methods: Samples of five individuals from each of three natural populations of P. rufum (designated R2, R5 and R6) were used. Seeds were obtained after open pollination, selfing, conspecific interploidy crosses and interspecific interploidy self-pollination induction. The reproductive behaviour of each plant was determined by using the flow cytometric seed screen (FCSS) method. Embryo sacs were cleared using a series of ethanol and methyl salicylate solutions and observed microscopically. Key Results: In open pollination, all genotypes formed seeds by sexual means and no evidence of apomeiotic reproduction was detected. However, in conspecific interploidy crosses and interspecific interploidy self-pollination induction, variations in the reproductive pathways were observed. While all plants from populations R2 and R6 formed seeds exclusively by sexual means, three genotypes from the R5 population developed seeds from both meiotic and aposporous embryo sacs, and one of them (R5#49) through the complete apomictic pathway (apospory + parthenogenesis + pseudogamy). Cytoembryological observations revealed the presence of both meiotic and aposporous embryo sacs in all the genotypes analysed, suggesting that parthenogenesis could be uncoupled from apospory in some genotypes. Conclusions: The results presented demonstrate the existence of variation in the functionality of apomixis components in natural diploid genotypes of P. rufum and have identified individuals with contrasting reproductive behaviours. Genotypes identified here can be crossed to generate segregating populations in order to study apomixis determinants at the diploid level. Moreover, analysis of their expression patterns, quantification of their transcript levels and an understanding of their regulation mechanisms could help to design new strategies for recreating apomixis in a diploid genome environment.Fil: Delgado Benarroch, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Galdeano, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Sartor, Maria Esperanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Quarin, Camilo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Espinoza, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Juan Pablo Amelio. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentin

A molecular recombination map of Antirrhinum majus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genetic recombination maps provide important frameworks for comparative genomics, identifying gene functions, assembling genome sequences and for breeding. The molecular recombination map currently available for the model eudicot <it>Antirrhinum majus </it>is the result of a cross with <it>Antirrhinum molle</it>, limiting its usefulness within <it>A. majus</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We created a molecular linkage map of <it>A</it>. <it>majus </it>based on segregation of markers in the F2 population of two inbred lab strains of <it>A. majus</it>. The resulting map consisted of over 300 markers in eight linkage groups, which could be aligned with a classical recombination map and the <it>A. majus </it>karyotype. The distribution of recombination frequencies and distorted transmission of parental alleles differed from those of a previous inter-species hybrid. The differences varied in magnitude and direction between chromosomes, suggesting that they had multiple causes. The map, which covered an estimated of 95% of the genome with an average interval of 2 cM, was used to analyze the distribution of a newly discovered family of MITE transposons and tested for its utility in positioning seven mutations that affect aspects of plant size.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The current map has an estimated interval of 1.28 Mb between markers. It shows a lower level of transmission ratio distortion and a longer length than the previous inter-species map, making it potentially more useful. The molecular recombination map further indicates that the <it>IDLE </it>MITE transposons are distributed throughout the genome and are relatively stable. The map proved effective in mapping classical morphological mutations of <it>A. majus</it>.</p

Characterization and expression analysis of Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase (SERK) genes in sexual and apomictic Paspalum notatum

The Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase (SERK) gene plays a fundamental role in somatic embryogenesis of angiosperms, and is associated with apomixis in Poa pratensis. The objective of this work was to isolate, characterize and analyze the expression patterns of SERK genes in apomictic and sexual genotypes of Paspalum notatum. A conserved 200-bp gene fragment was amplified from genomic DNA with heterologous primers, and used to initiate a chromosomal walking strategy for cloning the complete sequence. This procedure allowed the isolation of two members of the P. notatum SERK family; PnSERK1, which is similar to PpSERK1, and PnSERK2, which is similar to ZmSERK2 and AtSERK1. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that PnSERK1 and PnSERK2 represent paralogous sequences. Southern-blot hybridization indicated the presence of at least three copies of SERK genes in the species. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that PnSERK2 was expressed at significantly higher levels than PnSERK1 in roots, leaves, reproductive tissues and embryogenic calli.Moreover, in situ hybridization experiments revealed that PnSERK2 displayed a spatially and chronologically altered expression pattern in reproductive organs of the apomictic genotype with respect to the sexual one. PnSERK2 is expressed in nucellar cells of the apomictic genotype at meiosis, but only in the megaspore mother cell in the sexual genotype. Therefore, apomixis onset in P. notatum seems to be correlated with the expression of PnSERK2 in nucellar tissue.Fil: Podio, Maricel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular; Argentina;Fil: Felitti, Silvina Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular; Argentina;Fil: Siena, Lorena Adeli. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular; Argentina;Fil: Delgado Benarroch, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina;Fil: Mancini, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular; Argentina;Fil: Seijo, Jose Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina;Fil: Gonzalez, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina;Fil: Pessino, Silvina Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular; Argentina;Fil: Ortiz, Juan Pablo Amelio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular; Argentina

Heterochronic reproductive developmental processes between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Paspalum rufum

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Apomixis is an asexual reproductive mode via seeds that generate maternal clonal progenies. Although apomixis in grasses is mainly expressed at the polyploid level, some natural diploid genotypes of Paspalum rufum produce aposporous embryo sacs in relatively high proportions and are even able to complete apomixis under specific conditions. However, despite the potential for apomixis, sexuality prevails in diploids, and apomixis expression is repressed for an as yet undetermind reason. Apomixis is thought to derive from a deregulation of one or a few components of the sexual pathway that could be triggered by polyploidy and/or hybridization. The objectives of this work were to characterize and compare the reproductive development and the timing of apospory initial (AI) emergence between diploid genotypes with potential for apomixis and facultative apomictic tetraploid cytotypes of P. rufum. METHODS: Reproductive characterization was performed by cytoembryological observations of cleared ovaries and anthers during all reproductive development steps and by quantitative evaluation of the ovule growth parameters. KEY RESULTS: Cytoembryological observations showed that in diploids, both female and male reproductive development is equally synchronized, but in tetraploids, megasporogenesis and early megagametogenesis are delayed with respect to microsporogenesis and early microgametogenesis. This delay was also seen when ovary growth was taken as a reference parameter. The analysis of the onset of AIs revealed that they emerge during different developmental periods depending on the ploidy level. In diploids, the AIs appeared along with the tetrad (or triad) of female meiocytes, but in tetraploids they appeared earlier, at the time of the megaspore mother cell. In both cytotypes, AIs can be seen even during megagametogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall observations reveal that female sexual reproductive development is delayed in tetraploids as compared with diploid genotypes, mainly at meiosis. In tetraploids, AIs appear at earlier sexual developmental stages than in diploids, and they accumulate up to the end of megasporogenesis. The longer extension of megasporogenesis in tetraploids could favour AI emergence and also apomixis success.Fil: Soliman, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Espinoza, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Juan Pablo Amelio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Delgado Benarroch, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Quantitative levels of Deficiens and Globosa during late petal development show a complex transcriptional network topology of B function

The transcriptional network topology of B function in Antirrhinum, required for petal and stamen development, is thought to rely on initial activation of transcription of DEFICIENS (DEF) and GLOBOSA (GLO), followed by a positive autoregulatory loop maintaining gene expression levels. Here, we show that the mutant compacta (co), whose vegetative growth and petal size are affected, plays a role in B function. Late events in petal morphogenesis such as development of conical cell area and scent emissions were reduced in co and def nicotianoides (def nic), and absent in co def nic double mutants, suggesting a role for CO in petal identity. Expression of DEF was down-regulated in co but surprisingly GLO was not affected. We investigated the levels of DEF and GLO at late stages of petal development in the co, def nic and glo-1 mutants, and established a reliable transformation protocol that yielded RNAi-DEF lines. We show that the threshold levels of DEF or GLO required to obtain petal tissue are approximately 11% of wild-type. The relationship between DEF and GLO transcripts is not equal or constant and changes during development. Furthermore, down-regulation of DEF or GLO does not cause parallel down-regulation of the partner. Our results demonstrate that, at late stages of petal development, the B function transcriptional network topology is not based on positive autoregulation, and has additional components of transcriptional maintenance. Our results suggest changes in network topology that may allow changes in protein complexes that would explain the fact that not all petal traitsappear early in development.Fil: Manchado Rojo, María. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; EspañaFil: Delgado Benarroch, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; EspañaFil: Roca, María José. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; EspañaFil: Weiss, Julia. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; EspañaFil: Marcos, Egea Cortines. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; Españ

The expansin EXP1 gene in the elongation zone is induced during soybean embryonic axis germination and differentially expressed in response to ABA and PEG treatments

During soybean seed germination, the expansive growth potential of the embryonic axes is driven by water uptake while cell wall loosening occurs in cells from the elongation zone (EZ). Expansins are regarded as primary promoters of cell wall remodelling in all plant expansion processes, with the expression profiles of the soybean expansins supporting their cell or tissue specificity. Therefore, we used embryonic axes isolated from whole seed and focused on the EZ to study seed germination. Using a suite of degenerate primers, we amplified an abundantly expressed expansin gene at the EZ during soybean embryonic axis germination, which was identified as EXP1 by in silico analyses. Expression studies showed that EXP1 was induced under germination conditions in distilled water and down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), which inhibits soybean germination by physiologically restraining expansion. Moreover, we also identified a time window of ABA responsiveness within the first 6 h of incubation in water, after which ABA lost control of both EXP1 expression and embryonic axis germination, thus confirming the early role of EXP1 in the EZ during this process. By contrast, EXP1 levels in the EZ increased even when germination was impaired by osmotically limiting the water availability required to develop the embryonic axes' growth potential. We propose that these higher EXP1 levels are involved in the fast germination of soybean embryonic axes as soon as water availability is re-established. Taken together, our results show strong EXP1 expression in the EZ and postulate EXP1 as a target candidate for soybean seed germination control.Fil: Montechiarini, Nidia Helga. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biologia. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Delgado Benarroch, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Morandi, Eligio Natalio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Carrillo, Nestor Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gosparini, Carlos Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

A reference floral transcriptome of sexual and apomictic Paspalum notatum

Background: Paspalum notatum Flügge is a subtropical grass native to South America, which includes sexual diploid and apomictic polyploid biotypes. In the past decade, a number of apomixis-associated genes were discovered in this species through genetic mapping and differential expression surveys. However, the scarce information on Paspalum sequences available in public databanks limited annotations and functional predictions for these candidates. Results: We used a long-read 454/Roche FLX+ sequencing strategy to produce robust reference transcriptome datasets from florets of sexual and apomictic Paspalum notatum genotypes and delivered a list of transcripts showing differential representation in both reproductive types. Raw data originated from floral samples collected from premeiosis to anthesis was assembled in three libraries: i) sexual (SEX), ii) apomictic (APO) and iii) global (SEX + APO). A group of physically-supported Paspalum mRNA and EST sequences matched with high level of confidence to both sexual and apomictic libraries. A preliminary trial allowed discovery of the whole set of putative alleles/paralogs corresponding to 23 previously identified apomixis-associated candidate genes. Moreover, a list of 3,732 transcripts and several co-expression and protein -protein interaction networks associated with apomixis were identified. Conclusions: The use of the 454/Roche FLX+ transcriptome database will allow the detailed characterization of floral alleles/paralogs of apomixis candidate genes identified in prior and future work. Moreover, it was used to reveal additional candidate genes differentially represented in apomictic and sexual flowers. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of this set of transcripts indicated that the main molecular pathways altered in the apomictic genotype correspond to specific biological processes, like biotic and abiotic stress responses, growth, development, cell death and senescence. This data collection will be of interest to the plant reproduction research community and, particularly, to Paspalum breeding projects.Fil: Ortiz, Juan Pablo Amelio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Revale, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; Argentina. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics; Reino UnidoFil: Siena, Lorena Adelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Podio, Maricel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Delgado Benarroch, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Stein, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Olivier. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; FranciaFil: Pessino, Silvina Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; Argentin