Analysis of legal drugs consumption like alcohol, tobacco and psycho-drugs, and risk perception in Uiversity young people

The aim of this study is to relate the consumption of legal substances like alcohol, cigarettes, and psycho-drugs with the perception of risks such like traffic accidents, the suffering of temporary health problems, legal problems, difficulty in the interpersonal relations, decrease of the capacity to realizetasks and irreversible health problems. With a prospective expost-facto design of only one group (Montero & León, 2007), and a questionnaire elaborated from the questionnaire used in the study “Andaluces ante las drogas” (2005), relevant socio-demographic and risk perception information was collected regarding the consumption of different substances in 1011 students of the University of Córdoba. The results revealed university people that generally consume more alcohol, cigarettes and psycho-drugs are those that value with a lower punctuation the possible risks derived from the consumption. Besides, the model of regression for each one of the substances indicated that a low assessment in determined risks can predict a main consumption of these. As a conclusion, given the trends of drugs consumption in university students and the low perception of the risk of its negative consequences, it would be convenient to set up preventive strategies in the university field

Analysis of behavior related to use of the Internet, mobile telephones, compulsive shopping and gambling among university students

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es conocer los hábitos relacionados con posibles conductas adictivas (juego patológico, Internet, compras, uso del teléfono móvil, etc.) que pueden presentar los jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad de Córdoba (España), y relacionar dichos comportamientos con variables como la edad, el sexo, el curso y las macroáreas de conocimiento (letras y ciencias). Con un diseño expostfacto de grupo único (Montero y León, 2007), se elaboró un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos en el que se incluía el Test de adicción a las compras, el Test de adicción a Internet de Echeburúa (2003), el Cuestionario Breve de Juego Patológico de Fernández-Montalvo y Echeburúa (1997) y algunos ítems sobre el uso del teléfono móvil. Participaron 1011 estudiantes, 42,7% hombres y 57,3% mujeres, con un rango de edad entre los 18 y 29 años. Se dan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la puntuación media obtenida en los cuestionarios y variables como la edad, el sexo, el curso o la macroárea de conocimiento. Parece que ser mujer es un factor protector para la adicción a Internet y al Juego, ser de ciencias es un factor de riesgo para una posible adicción al Juego, ser de letras y tener más edad son factores de riesgo ante una posible adicción a las Compras. En conclusión, los estudiantes encuestados realizan un uso moderado de conductas como navegar por Internet, el juego, las compras y el teléfono móvil, siendo un grupo muy reducido de jóvenes los que sí se encuentran cercanos a tener un problema de adicción con este tipo de comportamientos.The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about habits related to addictive behaviour (pathological gambling, Internet, compulsive shopping, use of mobile telephones, etc.) that may be displayed by young students at the University of Cordoba (Spain), and to relate this behaviour with variables such as age, sex, course year, macro-field of study (arts/sciences) and the consumption of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and cocaine. Using an ex-post facto single-group design (Montero & León, 2007), we applied a questionnaire especially designed to gather socio-demographic information on substance use and behavioural patterns related to “non-substance” addictions, which included the Shopping Addiction Test, Echeburúa’s Internet Addiction Test (2003) and Fernández-Montalvo and Echeburúa’s Short Pathological Gambling Questionnaire (1997). A total of 1,011 students participated in the study (42.7% males and 57.3% females), with an age range of 18 to 29. Significant differences were found between mean score on the questionnaires and variables such as age, sex, field of studies and course year. It would seem that being female is a protective factor for Internet and gambling addiction, being a sciences student is a risk factor for gambling addiction, and being older and being an arts student are risk factors for shopping addiction. In conclusion, it can be stated that the students surveyed showed moderate incidence of behaviours such as Internet browsing, gambling, shopping and mobile phone use, whilst a very small group are close to having an addiction problem with such behaviour

Perceptual Styles and Cannabis Consumption Prediction in Young People

Given that risk perception has been found to be both a vulnerability and a protective factor with respect to consumption, the objectives of this study were to find out whether there exist specific patterns of risk perception associated with cannabis use and, if so, how they relate to cannabis consumption and to the sources of information on drugs accessed by young people. An ex post facto study was carried out with 1851 young Andalusians aged 18 to 29, using an adaptation of the Andalusian Government “Andalusian Population versus Drugs” survey. For the first objective, a cluster analysis was carried out in which three perceptual style groups were formed: “Strict”, “Permissive-Awareness” and “Lax”. Cannabis use in the “lax” group was found to be 14.31 times more frequent than in the “strict” group and 2.75 times more frequent than in the “permissive-awareness” group. A logistic regression analysis was also performed, which correctly predicted 80.4% of users and non-consumers. Correlation was found between perceptual styles and the sources of information used about drugs. This study identified three different risk perception styles that heavily correlated to cannabis consumption and to the type of sources young Andalusians use to obtain information about drugs, suggesting the need for a change in preventive policy

Subjective well-being and vulnerability related to problematic Internet use among university students with and without disabilities: A comparative study

This study aims to observe whether people with disabilitiesexperience problematic Internet use (PIU) like that of youngpeople without disabilities; to relate PIU to psychological dis-tress in young disabled people and to determine whether theseproblems are similar to or different from those experienced byyoung people without disabilities. The sample comprised 408university students with disabilities and 1386 university stu-dents without disabilities from several Spanish universities. PIUwas evaluated using theInternet Addiction Test(IAT) and psy-chological distress was evaluated using theClinical Outcomes inRoutine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure(CORE‐OM). The groupof university students with disabilities showed less PIU thanthe nondisabled students, but the worst scores in variablesreferencing psychological discomfort were found among thosestudents with disabilities who also had PIU. Although the re-sults are not completely generalizable, PIU is related to biggerproblems in disabled people for whom it represents a higherrisk than for people without disabilities

Risk perception to illegal drugs consumption in university students

El objetivo de este trabajo es relacionar el consumo de sustancias ilegales como la cocaína y los alucinógenos con la percepción de riesgos como sufrir un accidente de tráfico, padecer problemas de salud transitorios, problemas legales, dificultad en las relaciones interpersonales, disminución de la capacidad para realizar tareas y problemas de salud graves e irreversibles. Con un diseño ex post facto prospectivo de grupo único, y un cuestionario elaborado a partir del utilizado en el estudio "Andaluces ante las drogas", se recogió información sociodemográfica y sobre la percepción de riesgo ante el consumo de estas sustancias de 1011 estudiantes de la Universidad de Córdoba (España). En general, parece que los jóvenes universitarios que consumen cocaína y alucinógenos son los que valoran con una puntuación más baja los posibles riesgos derivados del consumo. Dadas las tendencias de consumo de drogas en estudiantes universitarios y la baja percepción del riesgo de ciertas consecuencias negativas derivadas del mismo, sería conveniente poner en marcha estrategias preventivas en el ámbito universitarioThe aim of this study is to relate the consumption of illegal substances like cocaine and hallucinogens with the perception of risks such like traffic accidents, the suffering of temporary health problems, legal problems, difficulty in the interpersonal relations, decrease of the capacity to realize tasks and irreversible health problems. With a prospective ex post tacto design of only one group, and a questionnaire elaborated from the questionnaire used in the study "Andaluces ante las drogas", relevant socio-demographic and risk perception information was collected regarding the consumption of different substances in 1011 students of the University of Córdoba (Spain). In general lt seems University people that generally consume cocaine and hallucinogens are those that value with a lower punctuation the possible risks derived from the consumption. Given the trends of drugs consumption in university students and the low perception of the risk of its negative consequences, it would be convenient to set up preventive strategies in the University field

Nursing and Telemental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Measures taken to reduce the rate of contagion during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain led to the interruption of nursing interventions for many patients with serious mental illness (SMI), while others stayed in touch with their nurses telematically. However, published research into the impact of mental telehealth and the outcome of the changes that took place in the pandemic is very limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in nursing interventions received by severe mental illness (SMI) patients and to test whether telemental health (TH) has been effective in reducing relapses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Information was gathered retrospectively from about 270 patients under treatment at 15 mental health day hospitals (MHDHs) in Spain during the year 2020. Results: Face-to-face nursing interventions were found to have decreased and TH interventions were found to have increased in the first few months of the pandemic. In the following months, TH interventions—especially those conducted by video call—helped reduce the number of relapses. Conclusions: TH helps provide news forms of effective telematic nursing interventions that reduce the number of relapses and admissions in patients with serious mental health disorders

Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis is a common feature to myocardial hypertrophy and end-stage ischemic heart failure

Mitochondrial (mt) DNA depletion and oxidative mtDNA damage have been implicated in the process of pathological cardiac remodeling. Whether these features are present in the early phase of maladaptive cardiac remodeling, that is, during compensated cardiac hypertrophy, is still unknown. We compared the morphologic and molecular features of mt biogenesis and markers of oxidative stress in human heart from adult subjects with compensated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We have shown that mtDNA depletion is a constant feature of both conditions. A quantitative loss of mtDNA content was associated with significant down-regulation of selected modulators of mt biogenesis and decreased expression of proteins involved in mtDNA maintenance. Interestingly, mtDNA depletion characterized also the end-stage phase of cardiomyopathies due to a primary mtDNA defect. Oxidative stress damage was detected only in failing myocardium

Diferencias en función del sexo en la percepción del riesgo asociado al consumo de drogas en jóvenes

The aim of this study was to characterize the perception of the risk associated to both legal substances (alcohol, tobacco and inhalants) as illegal (cannabis, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, designer drugs, hallucinogens) among youth 18 to 29 years old in six dimensions (problems for the physical health, mental health, traffic, ability to perform tasks, interpersonal relations and legal problems), and also, if weather such perceptions are different by sex. With a ex post facto single group design, were studied the perceptual profiles of 3,819 Andalusian young people about cited drugs. The perceptions of young people show different patterns for each drug, enhancing that there are certain biases about the psychic problems derivatives of alcohol, which are viewed as less dangerous than the problems of health; or the health effects of cannabis, which are seen as less dangerous than the tobacco. With regard to sex variable, women perceive drugs studied as more dangerous, except in the case of inhalants and certain specific dimensions of other drugs, in particular, the risk to the physical health in cocaine, and traffic accidents and the risk to the physical health in the case of amphetamines. Emphasizing these aspects in information campaigns and preventive measures is suggested.ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio consiste en caracterizar la percepción del riesgo asociado tanto a sustancias legales (alcohol, tabaco e inhalantes) como ilegales (cannabis, cocaína, heroína, anfetaminas, drogas de diseño, alucinógenos) entre los jóvenes de 18 a 29 años en seis dimensiones (problemas para la salud física, salud psíquica, tráfico, capacidad para realizar tareas, relaciones interpersonales y problemas legales) y, además, si existen diferencias de percepciones en función del sexo. Con un diseño ex post facto de grupo único se han estudiado los perfiles perceptivos de 3819 jóvenes andaluces en las nueve drogas citadas. La percepción de los jóvenes muestra patrones diferentes para cada droga, destacando que existen ciertos sesgos los problemas psíquicos derivados del alcohol, que son vistos como menos peligrosos que los problemas de salud o los efectos sobre la salud del cannabis, que se ven como menos peligrosos que los del tabaco. Con respecto a la variable sexo, las mujeres perciben las drogas estudiadas como más peligrosas, salvo el caso de los inhalantes y ciertas dimensiones específicas de otras drogas, en concreto, el riesgo para la salud física en la cocaína, y los accidentes de tráfico y el riesgo para la salud física en el caso de las anfetaminas. Se sugieren enfatizar estos aspectos en las campañas informativas y preventivas. AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the perception of the risk associated to both legal substances (alcohol, tobacco and inhalants) as illegal (cannabis, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, designer drugs, hallucinogens) among youth 18 to 29 years old in six dimensions (problems for the physical health, mental health, traffic, ability to perform tasks, interpersonal relations and legal problems), and also, if weather such perceptions are different by sex. With a ex post facto single group design, were studied the perceptual profiles of 3,819 Andalusian young people about cited drugs. The perceptions of young people show different patterns for each drug, enhancing that there are certain biases about the psychic problems derivatives of alcohol, which are viewed as less dangerous than the problems of health; or the health effects of cannabis, which are seen as less dangerous than the tobacco. With regard to sex variable, women perceive drugs studied as more dangerous, except in the case of inhalants and certain specific dimensions of other drugs, in particular, the risk to the physical health in cocaine, and traffic accidents and the risk to the physical health in the case of amphetamines. Emphasizing these aspects in information campaigns and preventive measures is suggested

Consumo de drogas, percepción de riesgo y adicciones en sustancias en los jóvenes en la provincia de Córdoba

Una de las preocupaciones más importante que tiene la sociedad actual, es el consumo de drogas en los jóvenes y las posibles consecuencias negativas que les producen tanto a nivel personal como a nivel social. Por lo que establecer cuáles son las características concretas de consumo y cual es la percepción que tienen los jóvenes sobre las consecuencias negativas que les produce el mismo (Ruiz-Olivares, Lucena y Raya, 2011; Trujillo, Forns i Santacana y Pérez, 2007), se convierte en una labor muy interesante y necesaria, sobre todo a la hora de elaborar programas de prevención y/o de intervención más acordes a las características de una población determinada. Siendo una de las principales dificultades que aparece en esta área, saber cómo incidir de modo positivo en cada contexto concreto, porque los factores de riesgo en población joven no tienen una distribución similar, sino que pueden variar según la zona estudiada, al igual que los patrones de consumo pueden presentar cambios dependiendo del nivel educativo. Durante el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral, se han descrito aquellas características presentes en los jóvenes de la Universidad de Córdoba con mayor prevalencia de consumo para las diferentes sustancias analizadas y se han comparado con un grupo equivalente de jóvenes de la provincia de Córdoba, además de que se ha analizado la percepción de riesgo que tienen asociado los jóvenes ante diferentes problemas como, sufrir un accidente de tráfico, padecer problemas de salud transitorios, problemas legales, dificultad en las relaciones interpersonales, disminución de la capacidad para realizar tareas y problemas de salud graves e irreversibles. Los trabajos realizados en población universitaria en este sector, son escasos, por lo que no se puede valorar la evolución del consumo en este nivel educativo. Y tampoco existen numerosos estudios realizados sobre posibles cambios en los comportamientos de uso de las drogas en diferentes contextos, por lo que es importante también, conocer los datos relativos al consumo en diferentes ambientes sociales a la hora de que el diseño de programas preventivos sea menor, ya que existen diferencias en los patrones de consumo dependiendo del lugar de residencia de los jóvenes

Análisis del consumo de drogas legales como el alcohol, el tabaco y los psicofármacos, y la percepción del riesgo en jóvenes

Analysis of legal drugs consumption like alcohol, tobacco and psycho-drugs, and risk perception in University young people Abstract: The aim of this study is to relate the consumption of legal substances like alcohol, cigarettes, and psycho-drugs with the perception of risks such like traffic accidents, the suffering of temporary health problems, legal problems, difficulty in the interpersonal relations, decrease of the capacity to realize tasks and irreversible health problems. With a prospective expost-facto design of only one group (Montero & León, 2007), and a questionnaire elaborated from the questionnaire used in the study “Andaluces ante las drogas” (2005), relevant socio-demographic and risk perception information was collected regarding the consumption of different substances in 1011 students of the University of Córdoba. The results revealed university people that generally consume more alcohol, cigarettes and psycho-drugs are those that value with a lower punctuation the possible risks derived from the consumption. Besides, the model of regression for each one of the substances indicated that a low assessment in determined risks can predict a main consumption of these. As a conclusion, given the trends of drugs consumption in university students and the low perception of the risk of its negative consequences, it would be convenient to set up preventive strategies in the university field.El objetivo de este trabajo es relacionar el consumo de sustancias como el alcohol, el tabaco, y los psicofármacos con la percepción de riesgos como, sufrir un accidente de tráfico, padecer problemas de salud transitorios, problemas legales, dificultad en las relaciones interpersonales, disminución de la capacidad para realizar tareas y problemas de salud graves e irreversibles. Con un diseño expost-facto prospectivo de grupo único (Montero y León, 2007), y un cuestionario elaborado a partir del cuestionario utilizado en el estudio “Andaluces ante las drogas” (Navarro, Alonso y Fernández, 2005), se recogió información sociodemográfica y sobre la percepción de riesgo ante el consumo de distintas sustancias de 1011 estudiantes de la Universidad de Córdoba. Los resultados señalan que en general los jóvenes universitarios que más consumen alcohol, tabaco y psicofármacos son los que valoran con una puntuación más baja los posibles riesgos derivados del consumo. Además, el modelo de regresión para cada una de las sustancias indica que una valoración baja en determinados riesgos puede predecir un mayor consumo de la misma. En conclusión, dadas las tendencias de consumo de drogas en estudiantes universitarios y la baja percepción del riesgo de ciertas consecuencias negativas derivadas del mismo sería conveniente poner en marcha estrategias preventivas en el ámbito universitario