PHENOTYPIC DIVERGENCE OF PLINIA SPP. GENOTYPES BASED ON PLANT GROWTH BEHAVIOR

Genetic divergence among population genotypes is useful for understanding the conservation of available genetic resources. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence between the genotypes of jabuticaba tree in relation to the phenotypic characteristics of stem length and shoots analyzed in three productive cycles. The genotypes of jabuticaba tree came from the Fruteiras Nativas da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Campus Dois Vizinhos. The genotypes had their origin in forest fragments of the Southwest Region of Paraná and the State of Minas Gerais. Genetic divergence was perform through analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mahalanobis distance, Tocher optimization cluster analysis and by the nearest neighbor method. The results obtained showed that the diversity among the genotypes was alter according to the analysis cycle, because in each one there were the formation of different groups by the methods used. Genotypes from Minas Gerais tended to remain in distinct groups, since it had low similarity with the others. The genotype 'Vitorino' had a high divergence among individuals from the same place

Leonardites rich in humic and fulvic acids had little effect on tissue elemental composition and dry matter yield in pot-grown olive cuttings

The use of humic substances in agriculture has increased in recent years, and leonardite has been an important raw material in the manufacture of commercial products rich in humic and fulvic acids. Leonardite-based products have been used to improve soil properties and to help plants cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of two commercial leonardites and an organic compost, in addition to a control treatment, were assessed for pot-grown olive plants over a period of fourteen months on soil properties, tissue elemental composition and dry matter yield (DMY). Three organic amendments were applied at single and double rates of that set by the manufacturer. The study was arranged in two experiments: one containing the seven treatments mentioned above and the other containing the same treatments supplemented with mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization. Overall, organic compost increased soil organic carbon by ~8% over the control. In the experiment without NPK supplementation, N concentrations in shoots and P in roots were the highest for the compost application (leaf N 12% and root P 32% higher than in the control), while in the experiment with NPK supplementation, no significant differences were observed between treatments. Total DMY was ~10% higher in the set of treatments with NPK in comparison to treatments without NPK. Leonardites did not affect significantly any measured variables in comparison to the control. In this study, a good management of the majority of environmental variables affecting plant growth may have reduced the possibility of obtaining a positive effect on plant nutritional status and growth from the use of commercial leonardites. The leonardites seemed to have caused a slight effect on biological N immobilization. This is not necessarily an advantage or a drawback; it is rather a feature that must be understood to help farmers make better use of these products.This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). The research was integrated in the activities of the operational group “Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas”, funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Controle genético da concentração de ferro em sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino

The objective of this work was to evaluate the main differences in the genetic control of the iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds, in early generations, and to select recombinants with a high iron concentration in the seeds. F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, and backcross (BC11 and BC11) generations were produced by crosses between Mesoamerican (CNFP 10104 x CHC 01‑175) and Andean (Cal 96 x Hooter) inbred lines. The expression of significant maternal effect was observed for the Mesoamerican gene pool. Iron concentration was higher in the seed coat of Mesoamerican common bean seeds (54.61 to 67.92%) and in the embryo of Andean common bean seeds (69.40 to 73.44%). High broad-sense heritability was obtained for iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Gains with the selection of higher magnitude, from 20.39 to 24.58%, are expected in Mesoamerican common bean seeds. Iron concentration in common bean seeds showed a continuous distribution in F2, which is characteristic of quantitative inheritance in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Recombinants with high iron concentration in seeds can be selected in both Mesoamerican and Andean common bean hybrids.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as principais diferenças no controle genético da concentração de ferro em sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino, em gerações precoces, e selecionar recombinantes com alta concentração de ferro nas sementes. Foram obtidas as gerações F1, F1 recíproco, F2, F2 recíproco e de retrocruzamentos (RC11 e RC12), a partir de cruzamentos entre linhagens mesoamericanas (CNFP 10104 x CHC 01‑175) e andinas (Cal 96 x Hooter). A expressão de efeito materno significativo foi observada no grupo gênico mesoamericano. A concentração de ferro foi maior no tegumento das sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano (54,61 a 67,92%) e no embrião das sementes de feijão comum andino (69,40 a 73,44%). Alta estimativa de herdabilidade no sentido amplo foi obtida para a concentração de ferro em sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino. Ganhos com a seleção de maior magnitude, de 20,39 a 24,58%, são esperados nas sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano. A concentração de ferro nas sementes de feijão comum apresentou distribuição contínua em F2, o que é característico de herança quantitativa em feijão comum mesoamericano e andino. Recombinantes com alta concentração de ferro nas sementes podem ser selecionados nos híbridos de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino

Effects of a single bout of power exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure in older adults with hypertension : a randomized controlled crossover study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a single bout of power exercise training (PT) on office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP). Methods: Twenty-four older adults with essential hypertension participated in two experimental sessions in a randomized order: the PT composed of 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions in 5 power training exercises and the non- exercise control at seated rest (Con). Both experimental sessions lasted 40 min. Office BP was measured continuously for 1 h in the laboratory and 24 h BP through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results: Compared with Con, office systolic/diastolic BP decreased after PT (Systolic BP: 10 mmHg, p<0.001; Diastolic BP: 4 mmHg, p=0.015). A trend toward decrease (p=0.06) was found in diastolic ambulatory BP during daytime (2 mmHg; p=0.062) and nighttime (3 mmHg; p=0.063) after PT. No differences were found between PT and Con sessions for systolic and mean ambulatory BP. Conclusion: A single bout of PT decreases office BP but this hypotensive effect is not sustained under ambulatory conditions in older patients with essential hypertension

Use of commercial mycorrhizal fungi in stress-free growing conditions of potted olive cuttings

Biofertilizers of mycorrhizal fungi have been mainly tested in nutrient-limited soils or harsh environmental conditions, which have helped to highlight their beneficial role in plant growth. However, their benefits in stress-free growing conditions have not yet been properly proven. In this work, a commercial mycorrhizal fungi, composed of 18 ecto and endomycorrhizal fungi, was tested in a pot experiment with young olive cuttings, under an experimental apparatus allowing the evaluation of dry matter yield and plant nutritional status after one and two years of growth. The results highlighted the role of the mycorrhiza in increasing P bioavailability, either evaluated by soil P labile fraction or through tissue P concentration. The role of mycorrhiza in increasing soil organic C was also relevant (7% higher than the control). Mycorrhiza had little effect on the uptake of other nutrients and on the alleviation of excessive levels of metals, in particular Fe, in the shoots. Instead, olive showed its own exclusion mechanisms, registering root Fe levels 50 times higher than in shoots. Mycorrhiza did not improve plant growth compared to the other fertilized treatments. The increase in plant dry matter observed in the mycorrhiza treatment in comparison to the control was probably due to the initial content of the commercial product of N, P and K (3% N, 3% P2O5 and 3% K2O). Under the conditions of this experiment, the farmer would not benefit from the use of this mycorrhizal fungi, but it nevertheless proved its value for agriculture, suggesting that commercial products should be targeted more towards specific purposes, than for generalized uses.This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and CITAB (UIDB/04033/2020). The research was integrated in the activities of the Operational Group “Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alteraçõeses climáticas”, funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cultivares, espaçamento entrelinhas e programas de aplicação de fungicidas no controle de Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sidow em soja

Com este trabalho, buscou-se avaliar a resposta de cultivares de soja, em duas safras, submetidas a diferentes espaçamentos entrelinhas e programas de controle sob pressão natural de Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sidow. Nas safras 07/08 e 08/09, os espaçamentos entrelinhas de 40, 50 e 60cm representavam as parcelas principais, as cultivares 'A 8000 RG' e 'A 6001 RG', as subparcelas e os programas de controle, as subsubparcelas. A redução do espaçamento entrelinhas permitiu melhores condições para o estabelecimento e progresso da ferrugem asiática para as duas cultivares e menor eficácia de controle. A melhor resposta de controle foi verificada com a utilização do programa após uma aplicação no estádio de desenvolvimento R1 e uma segunda aplicação 25 dias após a primeira. O espaçamento de 60cm entrelinhas proporcionou menores valores de doença acumulada e maior produtividade

Sex differences in post-exercise hypotension, ambulatory blood pressure variability, and endothelial function after a power training session in older adults

Background: The efficacy of power training (PT) to acutely reduce blood pressure (BP) in participants with hypertension is controversial, and no studies have assessed the influence of sex on post-exercise hypotension and its mechanisms in older adults. Purpose: The aims of this secondary, exploratory analysis were to compare the effects of a single bout of PT on post-exercise hypotension, BP variability, and endothelial function between older men and women with hypertension. Methods: Twenty-four participants with hypertension (12 men and 12 women aged to >60 years old) took part in this crossover study and randomly performed two experimental sessions: power exercise training (PT) and non-exercising control session (Con). The PT protocol was composed of 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions of five exercises performed in the following order: leg press, bench press, knee extension, upright row, and knee flexion, using an intensity corresponding to 50% of one repetition maximal test (1RM) and 2-min intervals between sets and exercises. The concentric phase of exercises during each repetition was performed “as fast as possible,” while the eccentric phase lasted 1 to 2 s. During Con, the participants remained at seated rest on the same exercise machines, but without any exercise. Each protocol lasted 40 min. Office BP, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), 24-h ambulatory BP, and the average real variability (ARV) of systolic and diastolic BP were assessed before and after experimental sessions. Results: Comparing PT with Con, a reduced office BP after exercise was found in men (systolic BP—average post 1 h: −14 mmHg, p < 0.001; diastolic BP—average post 1 h: −8 mmHg, p < 0.001) and only a reduced systolic BP in women (average post 1 h: −7 mmHg, p = 0.04). Comparing men and women, a reduced systolic BP (post 60': −15 mmHg, p = 0.048; average post 1 h: −7 mmHg, p = 0.046) and diastolic BP (post 60': −9 mmHg, p = 0.049) after the first hour were found in men. In relation to 24-h ambulatory BP, ARV, and FMD, no statistically significant differences were found between men and women. Conclusion: In older adults with hypertension, the office BP response after the experimental sessions was different in men and women, showing that the PT protocol is more effective to acutely reduce BP in men. Additionally, the mechanisms behind this reduction remain unclear. This finding suggests that sex cannot be combined to analyze post-exercise hypotension

Seleção de linhagens de feijão com alto desempenho agronômico e elevadas concentrações de cálcio e ferro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of common bean lines for cycle, weight of 100 grains, grain yield, cooking time, and grain calcium and iron concentrations. Twenty‑four common bean lines were evaluated in two crop cycles (2010 and 2011). The ¯Z index was used for the selection of superior lines for most of the traits. The DF 06‑19, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17, DF 06‑20, DF 06‑11, DF 06‑14, DF 06‑01, DF 06‑08, DF 06‑22, and DF 06‑04 lines showed high grain yield. All lines were of semi‑early cycle and of fast cooking. The DF 06‑08 and DF 06‑23 lines showed high calcium concentration in grains (>1.4 g kg‑1 dry matter – DM), and the DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑04, and DF 06‑06 lines presented high iron concentration in grains (>0.95 g kg‑1 DM) in the two crop cycles. The DF 06‑09 and DF 06‑03 carioca lines present high agronomic performance and high iron concentration in grains. The DF 06‑17 and DF 06‑08 black lines present high agronomic performance and high calcium concentration in grains. The selection of the DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17, and DF 06‑08 lines is recommended.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de linhagens de feijão para ciclo, massa de 100 grãos, produtividade de grãos, tempo de cozimento e concentração de cálcio e ferro nos grãos. Vinte e quatro linhagens de feijão foram avaliadas em dois ciclos de cultura (2010 e 2011). O índice ¯Z foi usado para a seleção de linhagens superiores, para a maioria dos caracteres. As linhagens DF 06‑19, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17, DF 06‑20, DF 06‑11, DF 06‑14, DF 06‑01, DF 06‑08, DF 06‑22 e DF 06‑04 apresentaram alta produtividade de grãos. Todas as linhagens foram de ciclo semiprecoce e de rápido cozimento. As linhagens DF 06‑08 e DF 06‑23 apresentaram alta concentração de cálcio nos grãos (>1,4 g kg‑1 de matéria seca – MS), e as linhagens DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑04 e DF 06‑06 apresentaram alta concentração de ferro nos grãos (>0,95 g kg‑1 de MS), nos dois anos agrícolas. As linhagens do grupo carioca DF 06‑09 e DF 06‑03 apresentam alto desempenho agronômico e alta concentração de ferro nos grãos. As linhagens do grupo preto DF 06‑17 e DF 06‑08 apresentam alto desempenho agronômico e alta concentração de cálcio nos grãos. A seleção das linhagens DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17 e DF 06‑08 é recomendada