Fish Size Correlates to Size and Morphology of Intermuscular Bones in Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum as Shown by Dissection and X-ray Imaging Methods

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Comparative proteome and peptidome analysis of the cephalic fluid secreted by Arapaima gigas (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) during and outside parental care

Parental investment in Arapaima gigas includes nest building and guarding, followed by a care provision when a cephalic fluid is released from the parents’ head to the offspring. This fluid has presumably important functions for the offspring but so far its composition has not been characterised. In this study the proteome and peptidome of the cephalic secretion was studied in parental and non-parental fish using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and GeLC-MS/MS analyses. Multiple comparisons revealed 28 peptides were significantly different between males and parental males (PC-males), 126 between females and parental females (PC-females), 51 between males and females and 9 between PC-males and PC-females. Identification revealed peptides were produced in the inner ear (pcdh15b), eyes (tetraspanin and ppp2r3a), central nervous system (otud4, ribeye a, tjp1b and syn1) among others. A total of 422 proteins were also identified and gene ontology analysis revealed 28 secreted extracellular proteins. From these, 2 hormones (prolactin and stanniocalcin) and 12 proteins associated to immunological processes (serotransferrin, α-1-antitrypsin homolog, apolipoprotein A-I, and others) were identified. This study provides novel biochemical data on the lateral line fluid which will enable future hypotheses-driven experiments to better understand the physiological roles of the lateral line in chemical communication

GnRHa implants and size pairing effects on plasma and cephalic secretion sex steroids in Arapaima gigas

Arapaima gigas, one of the world’s largest freshwater fish, is considered an emerging species for aquaculture development in Brazil given its high growth rate and meat quality. However, the lack of reproductive control in captivity has limited the expansion of Arapaima farming. This study aimed to test the effects of hormonal induction using mGnRHa implants and size pairing on broodstock reproduction through the analyses of sex steroids. To do so, broodstock of different sizes (large, small or mixed) were paired and implanted. Plasma and cephalic secretion profiles of testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and 17β-oestradiol (E2) were analysed. Compared to control (non-implanted), implanted broodstock showed a significant increase in plasma 11-KT (large and small males) and T (large and mixed females) post GnRHa implantation. In females, a significant increase in plasma T levels was shown, however, E2 remained unchanged after implantation. Despite the lack of clear spawning induction, this study showed the potency of GnRHa on sex steroid production regardless of pairing groups. Interestingly, significant correlations between blood plasma and cephalic secretion levels of 11-KT in males and T in females were observed, indicating the possible release of pheromones through the cephalic canals of A. gigas

Comparative reproductive biology of two southwestern Atlantic populations of the hermit crab Pagurus exilis (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridae)

Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892) is an endemic South Atlantic hermit crab with a distribution ranging from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, to Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The present study analyzed the reproduction of two populations at the extremes of this geographical distribution, and compared their reproductive period, fecundity, and changes in egg size and egg volume during the incubation period in order to assess the variability over this latitudinal range. Hermit crabs were collected monthly over a 2-year period. In total, 108 females were analyzed for Brazil (44 non-ovigerous and 64 ovigerous), and 141 for Argentina (87 non-ovigerous and 54 ovigerous). Reproduction in Brazil occurs year-round, with peaks in the fall and winter seasons; in Argentina reproduction occurs only in spring and summer. The Brazilian ovigerous females were significantly larger than the Argentina ones (Brazil: SL = 5.33 +/- 1.45 mm; Argentina: SL = 4.15 +/- 0.52 mm; P < 0.001). The fecundity was 1447 +/- 831 eggs (317 to 2885) in Brazil and 987 +/- 711 eggs (114 to 2665) in Argentina, with a trend towards higher fecundity in Brazil. Eggs in the Argentina population were larger than those in Brazil for all the three stages investigated, and no changes in egg volume were found during egg development for both populations. The reproductive traits of the two populations showed some important differences, which may reflect adaptations to local environmental conditions, demonstrating a high plasticity of reproductive features of the species in Brazilian and Argentine waters. The strategy adopted by the Argentina population involves a lower production of larger eggs compared to the population in Brazil; this lower production is associated with reproduction in cold-water regions.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)[Proc. 490340/2004-0]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)[490122/2006-0]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)[Proc. 140677/08-9]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)[Proc. 473050/07-2]FAPESP[Proc. 06/57033-4]FAPESP[06/61771-0]FAPESP[Proc. 07/51018-6]FAPESP[Proc. 98/07090-3]UNMDP[15/E 387/09]CONICET[PIP 5135/06

Endoscopy application in broodstock management of Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)

First paragraph: The air-breather fish Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) is an emblematic species of the Amazon with adults reaching up to 2.5 m total length. A. gigas is long-considered a promising new candidate species for aquaculture, with reported growth rates of 10 kg over 1 year, no intramuscular spines, and suitability to different production systems. However, the control of reproduction in captivity is a key impairment limiting the expansion of the aquaculture sector mainly due to the lack of fingerling supply, which in turn also increases the pressure on the natural stocks

Fish size correlates to number and morphology of intermuscular bones in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum as shown by dissection and X-ray imaging methods

Dataset on intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses in one captive population in Brazil

Intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses

Dataset on intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses in one captive population in Brazil

Fish size correlates to number and morphology of intermuscular bones in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum as shown by dissection and X-ray imaging methods

Dataset on intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses in one captive population in Brazil

Gene ontology (GO) comparison of peptidome (7009 peptides) and proteome (422 proteins) identified in the cephalic secretion of <i>Arapaima gigas</i>.

<p>A, B and C. Peptidome GO for biological process, molecular function ad cellular component, respectively. D, E and F. Proteome GO for biological process, molecular function ad cellular component, respectively. Analyses were conducted in STRAP <i>v</i>. <i>1</i>.<i>5</i> [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186692#pone.0186692.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>].</p

List of 28 secreted proteins (extracellular) present in the proteome of <i>Arapaima gigas</i>.

<p>Putative functions, detected groups and relative measure of concentration (emPAI) are given for pools of males (M), females (F), parental care males (PM) and parental care females (PF).</p