Assessment of Scale-Loss to Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Smolts from Passage Through an Archimedean Screw Turbine

The potential for external damage to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts from passage through an Archimedean screw turbine was tested with controlled field trials at two turbine speeds. Change in external condition of smolts was measured by grading photographs of individual fish for scale-loss before and after the tests. Results were compared between turbine-passed and control smolts. There were no significant differences in proportions of fish with new scale-loss between treatment and control smolts. New scale-loss of between 4 and 30% was seen in 7.46% of turbine-passed smolts, exceeding the prevalence in control smolts by 2.46%. Of these, 1.49% had minor scale-loss of 5-9%. Minor scale-loss was more prevalent for both groups at the faster turbine speed, although differences between treatment and control groups were more apparent at the slower speed

Session E8: Not Just for Adults! Evaluating the Efficacy of Multiple Fish Passage Designs at Low-Head Barriers for the Upstream Movement of Juvenile and Adult Trout Salmo Trutta

Abstract: Connectivity in salmonid-streams is vital for juvenile as well as adult trout, yet most upstream passage studies consider only larger adults. Upstream passage of juvenile and adult Salmo trutta at individual and cumulative low-head (\u3c 3 m) barriers on two tributaries of the River Ribble (NW England) was investigated using PIT telemetry during summer/autumn 2013 and 2014. The efficiency of a low-cost baffle fish pass (Servais, 2006) was evaluated for the first time, along with two more traditional poolweir passes, an embedded rock ramp and two culverts. We used a combination of naturally migrating S. trutta and novel innature displacement experiments, where resident fish were displaced from above to below structures and their homing instinct utilised to instigate their ascent of the structure. Each structure was evaluated using several metrics measuring the passage efficiency (PE) and delays incurred before successful passage (time and number of attempts). We show that instigating ascent of a structure through downstream displacement can be successful with up to 91% of displaced fish attempting to pass. Passage efficiencies of up to 82% for the low-cost baffle design were observed, which was comparable to the pool-weir design (up to 84%) and better than the embedded rock ramp (71%). The two culverts had contrasting impacts, with the shorter control (within predicted swim performance) Culvert 1 representing a manmade structure which had little impact on passage efficiency (96% - 100%) and delay metrics compared to Culvert 2 (PE = 41%). Logistic regression demonstrated a strong body-length effect on passage success at passes, with shorter individuals (\u3c 91–132 mm depending on the structure) having a less than 50% probability of successful passage. The study demonstrates the efficacy of three fish passage designs at low-head barriers and the variation in delay that can be incurred even between similarly designed passes

Diel and seasonal movements of the critically endangered European eel

The critically endangered European eel is declining throughout its range and more information on which to base management plans is necessary. Here we present data collected by electrofishing and PIT telemetry on the habitat use and movements of eel in an English chalk stream in Dorset, southern UK. Eel were sampled quarterly for three years and movements between the main river and a side stream monitored by an in situ PIT detector. Eel abundance was highest in the side stream during summer and autumn and movement between the main river and side stream was greatest during spring, summer and autumn. Eel demonstrated nocturnal movements in/out of the side stream during spring and summer, however this diel pattern was not evident in autumn. The study demonstrates continual use of the connected floodplain by eel, underlining the importance of lateral connectivity to floodplain habitats to the species. Connectivity can be modified or lost by a number of anthropogenic activities such as hydropower and road culverts, but in many cases these can be avoided by proper and sound management. Key words: behaviour, Anguilla anguilla, movement, river connectivity, floodplain.Døgn- og sesongmessige vandringer hos den truede Europeiske ålen. Den Europeiske ålen(ål) er truet over hele dets utbredelsesområde og mer kunnskap om artens biologi og adferd er nødvendig for bedre forvaltning av arten. I denne artikkelen presenterer vi data for habitatbruk og forflytninger av ål i en kalkelv i Dorset, Sør-England basert på omfattende elektrofiske og PIT telemetri. Ål ble fanget fire ganger pr år og forflytninger mellom hovedelv og sidekanaler ble overvåket med hjelp av in situ PIT detektor i en periode på tre år. Det var høyeste forekomst av ål i sidekanalene om sommeren og høsten og det var omfattende forflytninger av ål mellom hovedelva og sidekanalene under vår, sommer og høst. Ålen hadde nattlige vandringer inn og ut av sidekanalene under vår og sommer, men denne døgn adferden var ikke tydelig om høsten når blankål startet sin utvandring mot sjøen. Studien demonstrerer ålen sin kontinuerlige bruk av flomområder og kanaler, og understreker viktigheten av å opprettholde forbindelsene fra hovedelva til disse habitatene for denne arten. Vannveier for fisk kan bli påvirket eller tapt ved en rekke antropogene aktiviteter slik som kraftutbygging og vei kulverter, men i en flere tilfeller kan dette ungåes ved god planlegging og kompetanse om fiskens adferd.publishedVersio

Upstream passage and attempt behaviour at a sloping weir by migrating adult river lamprey: are studded tiles effective in improving longitudinal connectivity?

The performance of weir-mounted studded tiles for passing upstream-migrating lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) was compared with unmodified parts of a Crump flow-gauging weir and with use of a bottom-baffle fishway on the River Derwent, Northeast England. Equidistantly-studded tiles were fixed horizontally on the weir face near the right bank, forming a 1m-wide treatment lane, neighboured by a tileless control lane. A bottom-baffle fishway was present at the right bank, alongside a hydropower tailrace. Two further left-bank controls enabled, together with right-side controls, comparison of lamprey attraction relative to the dominant flow on the right side. Downstream and upstream ends of the right-hand weir-face lanes and of the fishway, downstream ends of the left-hand weir face lanes, and the entrance of the hydropower tailrace area were instrumented with PIT antennas (n=9 total). Of 395 PIT-tagged lamprey, over 10 release sessions in early winter 2017 (turbines on for 21/43 days), 363 (91.9%) were detected at any of the antennas (mean ± SD minimum delay: 14.8 ± 8.9 days). All lamprey detected at the left-bank antennas (attraction efficiency AE: 255/395 (64.6%)) were detected elsewhere also. The fishway was ineffective (AE: 343/395 (86.8%); passage efficiency PE: 5/343 (1.5%)). However, overall passage using the studded-tile corridor doubled (44/395 cf22/395) relative to the adjacent bare weir-face route (AE tiled lane: 172/395 (43.5%); PE tiled lane: 44/172 (25.6%) - AE control lane: 257/395 (65.1%); PE control lane: 22/257 (8.6%)). Fewer PIT detections were logged at the turbine tailrace and fishway entrance, respectively, when turbines were on (n=441 and n=700; median [range] river discharge turbines-on: 18.7 [10.5-36.3] m3 s-1) compared to turbines-off conditions (n=1005 and n=2457; discharge: 36.2 [10.4-52.3] m3 s-1). While improved passage efficiency was achieved using surface-mounted studded tiles, further in situ evaluations are needed to optimize their performance

Quantifying the fine-scale behaviour of spawning run river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) approaching a low-head weir retrofitted with studded tiles

Fish passes (or fishways) designed to mitigate for the impeded movement of migratory fish at anthropogenic structures (such as dams and weirs) often function poorly. This is particularly the case for anguilliform species such as lamprey (Petromyzon spp. and Lampetra spp.). Poor swimming capability (in comparison to e.g. salmonids) and a lack of understanding of behaviour in response to hydrodynamic cues are considered key reasons limiting the performance of mitigation measures. A field study employing Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) and fine-scale (sub-metre) acoustic telemetry was conducted on the River Derwent (Yorkshire, UK) in Winter (November – December) 2017. The aim of the study was to assess river lamprey behaviour and passage at a low-head weir retrofitted with studded tiles designed to aid upstream movement. In this talk, the acoustic telemetry data will be presented, outlining fine-scale behaviour and weir approach routes of lamprey in relation to hydrodynamics that were measured using a remotely operated Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. How this data can be quantified into “behavioural rules” to parameterise Agent Based Models will be discussed and examples provided. Such models will enable better predictions of fish movements to be made as they encounter anthropogenic structures and guide the design of more effective mitigation measures, such as fish passage and screening systems

The LPGPU2 Project: Low-Power Parallel Computing on GPUs : Extended Abstract

The LPGPU2 project is a 30-month-project (Innovation Action) funded by the European Union. Its overall goal is to develop an analysis and visualization framework that enables GPU application developers to improve the performance and power consumption of their applications. To achieve this overall goal, several key objectives need to be achieved. First, several applications (use cases) need to be developed for or ported to low-power GPUs. Thereafter, these applications need to be optimized using the tooling framework. In addition, power measurement devices and power models need to be developed that are 10x more accurate than the state of the art. The project consortium actively promotes open vendor-neutral standards via the Khronos group. This paper briefly reports on the achievements made in the first half of the project, and focuses on the progress made in applications; in power measurement, estimation, and modelling; and in the analysis and visualization tool suite.EC/H2020/688759/EU/Low-Power Parallel Computing on GPUs 2/LPGPU

Session C7: Tricky Little Lampreys! Efficacy of an Unmodified and Modified Super-Active Baffle Fish Pass for European River Lamprey (Lampetra Fluviatilis)

Abstract: Achieving good upstream passage of lampreys, a threatened group of serpentine fishes, remains a problem. The ability of European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) to pass a Crump weir using a 15% gradient Larinier superactive baffle fish pass during their upstream spawning migration was tested. This type of fish pass has become widespread in Europe in the last two decades, but its efficiency for river lamprey is unknown. River lamprey were PIT tagged (n=350) PIT, a subsample were acoustic tagged (n=31), and all were released downstream in batches in Oct-Dec 2013. Telemetry arrays were installed in the pass (PIT) and river (acoustic) and ran throughout the migration period. Attraction efficiency into the fishway (estimated at 90.1%) was good and half of lampreys entered within 24 h of release, but only one lamprey successfully ascended the pass (0.3% passage efficiency), despite many entering repeatedly. Out of 29 acoustic tagged lamprey that visited the weir, four (13.8%) passed the weir directly. The fishway was unsuitable for river lamprey over a wide range of flows. The pass was modified by addition of vertically mounted peg-and-slot tiles, interrogated at the entrance and exit by PIT telemetry and retested in winter 2014- 15. There was an increase in passage success. Preliminarily, out of 197 river lamprey PIT tagged Oct-Dec 2014, 184 (93.4%) were logged at the fishway entrance. 74 (40.2%) entered the tiles at the downstream end, of which 14 (18.9%) swam up through the tiles successfully. Twelve lamprey (6.5% passage efficiency) were logged at the upstream exit of the pass. Reduced flow velocity in combination with increased availability of resting habitat within the tiles may increase the passage efficiency of this type of fish pass for river lamprey. Although increased, passage efficiency, after placement of the tiles, is still considered far from optimal

U.S. & Indiana County Jail Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The following brief explores whether U.S. county jails have managed to reduce their inmate populations in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the magnitude of those reductions. This brief also examines trends in Indiana county jails compared to nationwide trends. We conclude with recommendations for monitoring jail populations in the wake of COVID-19

Enabling GPU software developers to optimize their applications – The LPGPU2approach

Low-power GPUs have become ubiquitous, they can be found in domains ranging from wearable and mobile computing to automotive systems. With this ubiquity has come a wider range of applications exploiting low-power GPUs, placing ever increasing demands on the expected performance and power efficiency of the devices. The LPGPU 2 project is an EU-funded, Innovation Action, 30-month-project targeting to develop an analysis and visualization framework that enables GPU application developers to improve the performance and power consumption of their applications. To this end, the project follows a holistic approach. First, several applications (use cases) are being developed for or ported to low-power GPUs. These applications will be optimized using the tooling framework in the last phase of the project. In addition, power measurement devices and power models are devised that are 10× more accurate than the state of the art. The ultimate goal of the project is to promote open vendor-neutral standards via the Khronos group. This paper briefly reports on the achievements made in the first phase of the project (till month 18) and focuses on the progress made in applications; in power measurement, estimation, and modelling; and in the analysis and visualization tool suite.EC/H2020/688759/EU/Low-Power Parallel Computing on GPUs 2/LPGPU

Association between extra-genital congenital anomalies and hypospadias outcome

Extra-genital congenital anomalies are often present in cases of hypospadias, but it is unclear whether they have an association with the outcome of hypospadias surgery. The aim of this study was to review all hypospadias cases that had surgery between 2009 and 2015 at a single centre and identify clinical determinants of the surgical outcome. An extra-genital congenital anomaly was reported in 139 (22%) boys and 62 (10%) had more than 1 anomaly. Of the 626 boys, 54 (9%), including 44 with proximal hypospadias, had endocrine as well as limited genetic evaluation. Of these, 10 (19%) had a biochemical evidence of hypogonadism and 5 (9%) had a molecular genetic abnormality. At least 1 complication was reported in 167 (27%) patients, with 20% of complications (most frequently fistula) occurring after 2 years of surgery. The severity of hypospadias and the existence of other anomalies were clinical factors that were independently associated with an increased risk of complications (p < 0.001). In conclusion, complications following surgery are more likely in those cases that are proximal or who have additional extra-genital anomalies. To understand the biological basis of these complications, there is a greater need to understand the aetiology of such cases