Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of cohort studies

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in many epidemiological studies, however, the extent of the association is uncertain. We quantitatively assessed the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of CHD by carrying out a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Studies were included if they reported relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of CHD with respect to frequency of fruit and vegetable intake. Twelve studies, consisting of 13 independent cohorts, met the inclusion criteria. There were 278 459 individuals (9143 CHD events) with a median follow-up of 11 years. Compared with individuals who had less than 3 servings/day of fruit and vegetables, the pooled RR of CHD was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86&ndash;1.00, P=0.06) for those with 3&ndash;5 servings/day and 0.83 (0.77&ndash;0.89, P&lt;0.0001) for those with more than 5 servings/day. Subgroup analyses showed that both fruits and vegetables had a significant protective effect on CHD. Our meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies demonstrates that increased consumption of fruit and vegetables from less than 3 to more than 5 servings/day is related to a 17% reduction in CHD risk, whereas increased intake to 3&ndash;5 servings/day is associated with a smaller and borderline significant reduction in CHD risk. These results provide strong support for the recommendations to consume more than 5 servings/day of fruit and vegetables.<br /

Lie–Hamilton systems on curved spaces: A geometrical approach

Producción CientíficaA Lie–Hamilton system is a nonautonomous system of first-order ordinary differential equations describing the integral curves of a t-dependent vector field taking values in a finite-dimensional Lie algebra, a Vessiot–Guldberg Lie algebra, of Hamiltonian vector fields relative to a Poisson structure. Its general solution can be written as an autonomous function, the superposition rule, of a generic finite family of particular solutions and a set of constants. We pioneer the study of Lie–Hamilton systems on Riemannian spaces (sphere, Euclidean and hyperbolic plane), pseudo-Riemannian spaces (anti-de Sitter, de Sitter, and Minkowski spacetimes) as well as on semi-Riemannian spaces (Newtonian spacetimes). Their corresponding constants of motion and superposition rules are obtained explicitly in a geometric way. This work extends the (graded) contraction of Lie algebras to a contraction procedure for Lie algebras of vector fields, Hamiltonian functions, and related symplectic structures, invariants, and superposition rules

The mediterranean biotypes of Tylenchulus semipenetrans in Spanish citrus orchards

Les capacités de reproduction de quatorze populations du nématode des citrus (#Tylenchulus semipenetrans$) collectées dans la principale zone de citriculture de l'Espagne ont été comparées sur oranger amer et citrange Carrizo. Toutes les populations ont été identifiées comme appartenant au biotype méditerranéen. La capacité de reproduction varie considérablement en fonction des populations. Le pouvoir infestant et le taux de reproduction des populations collectées dans la rhizosphère des porte-greffes citranges Troyer ou Carrizo sont plus élevés (P supérieur ou égal à 0,05) que ceux des populations collectées sur oranger amer. (Résumé d'auteur

Homoeologous chromosomal location of the genes encoding thionins in wheat and rye

Thionins are high sulphur basic polypeptides present in the endosperm of Gramineae. In wheat there are three thionins encoded by genes located in the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D. Rye has one thionin encoded by a gene which has been assigned to chromosome 1R after analysis of the Imperial-Chinese Spring rye-wheat disomic addition lines. Commercial varieties and experimental stocks with a 1B/1R substitution carry the thionin from rye ( R) instead of the B thionin from wheat. The R thionin gene is not located in the large chromosomal segment representing most of the short arm of chromosome 1R

Poisson-Hopf algebra deformations of Lie-Hamilton systems

Hopf algebra deformations are merged with a class of Lie systems of Hamiltonian type, the so-called Lie-Hamilton systems, to devise a novel formalism: the Poisson-Hopf algebra deformations of Lie-Hamilton systems. This approach applies to any Hopf algebra deformation of any Lie-Hamilton system. Remarkably, a Hopf algebra deformation transforms a Lie-Hamilton system, whose dynamic is governed by a finite-dimensional Lie algebra of functions, into a non-Lie-Hamilton system associated with a Poisson-Hopf algebra of functions that allows for the explicit description of its t-independent constants of the motion from deformed Casimir functions. We illustrate our approach by considering the Poisson-Hopf algebra analogue of the non-standard quantum deformation of sl(2) and its applications to deform well-known Lie-Hamilton systems describing oscillator systems, Milne-Pinney equations, and several types of Riccati equations. In particular, we obtain a new position-dependent mass oscillator system with a time-dependent frequency

Measures to evaluate quality of care in renal cancer: results of a Delphi study in Spain.

Purpose: To review current measures for renal cancer care and develop a comprehensive and updated list of measures for their practical use. Methods: The study was developed by Fundación ECO, a Spanish foundation aiming to improve oncology quality of care. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify measures and knowledge gaps. A scientific committee composed of 9 experts reviewed the literature findings and added measures. A preliminary list of 42 measures was evaluated with the Delphi method to gather feedback from 47 medical oncology experts in Spain. Experts scored the appropriateness of the measures and ranked their priority in 2 consecutive online surveys. The scientific committee reviewed the Delphi results and developed the measures. A technical group from Universidad Francisco de Vitoria conducted and oversaw the Delphi method. Results: The Delphi method led to consensus on all 42 measures. The scientific committee used a prioritisation matrix to select 25 of these measures for evaluating quality of care in renal cancer. These measures regarded structure, process, and outcome and covered general management, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and evaluation of health outcomes. Easy-to-use index cards were developed for all 25 measures, including their definition, formula, acceptable level of attainment, and rationale. Conclusions: This manuscript aims to provide healthcare professionals with expert- and evidence-based measures that are useful for evaluating quality of care in renal cancer and cover all aspects and stages.pre-print451 K

Growth and yield of tomato crop under subsurface drip irrigation treated with different Trifluralin doses

[SPA] El trabajo pretende evaluar el crecimiento y rendimiento de un cultivo de tomate atendiendo al tipo del sistema de riego localizado: subterráneo (SDI) y superficial (CDI), sustrato y dosis y modo de aplicación de Trifluralina (TFN).Este trabajo consta de dos partes: la primera compara ambos sistemas de riego, evaluando la acción de TFN y su eficacia en la prevención de la intrusión radicular. Los resultados mostraron que SDI con una dosis apropiada de TFN generó mayor producción que CDI. La segunda parte evaluó la implicación de diferentes tipos de substratos, dosis de TFN y método de aplicación de TFN sobre el rendimiento y crecimiento de un cultivo de tomate bajo SDI. Los resultados sugieren que el incremento en la dosis de TFN previene la intrusión radicular pero reduce el potencial productivo del cultivo. Este hecho fue mayor en suelos con baja capacidad de retención de agua y TFN, donde el riesgo de intrusión radicular es reducido, por lo que dosis altas de TFN tiene una acción nociva sobre la producción. [ENG] The study evaluates the influence of the irrigation system, the soil substrate, the dosage and application of the herbicide trifluralin (TFN) in the growth and yield of tomato crops. This work comprised two differentiated parts. The first compares both systems irrigation, evaluating TFN action and its efficacy preventing from root intrusion. Results showed that SDI with an appropriate dosage of TFN to prevent from root intrusion, yielded higher production that CDI. The second part assessed the implication of different soil substrates, TFN dosage and application method in the yield and growth of tomato crops under SDI. Results suggested that an increasing dose of TFN prevents drippers from root intrusion but reduced crop productivity. This fact was enhanced in soils with low water retention capacity (sand), where the risk of root intrusion was lower, so high doses of TFN had a harmful rather than a beneficial effect on crop production.Trabajo financiado por el Proyecto de Investigación “Desarrollo técnico y agronómico del riego localizado subterráneo como alternativa para aumentar la eficiencia hídrica en diferentes sistemas agrícolas. 480/02PA” entre la UPCT y Sistema Azud S. A

Subsurface drip irrigation vs. surface drip irrigation in tomato

[SPA] Las motivaciones de este trabajo se fundamentan en la necesidad de caracterizar y valorar la utilidad de los sistemas de riego localizado subterráneo (RLSub) y la medida en la que estos se ven modulados por el diseño agronómico e hidráulico del sistema, y de forma aún más significativa por la aparición de obstrucciones en los emisores enterrados, y más particularmente las debidas a la intrusión radicular, en este sentido, es muy importante caracterizar las variables que las modulan para asegurar la viabilidad y eficiencia de este sistema de riego. Se pretende estudiar las diferencias en desarrollo y productividad con distintos tipos de sustrato, y distintos tipos de sistema de riego, siendo uno de ellos el RLSub, manejado con diferentes tratamientos del herbicida Trifluralina (TFN). Se evaluará la respuesta del cultivo atendiendo al tipo de sistema de riego empleado en términos de eficiencia en el uso del agua y valorando la respuesta a la aplicación de TFN sobre éstos y sobre la aparición de intrusión radicular de distintos tipos de emisores. [ENG] The motivations of this paper are based on the need to characterize and assess the utility of subsurface drip irrigation (RLSub) and the extent to which these are modulated by the agronomic and hydraulic system design, and even more significant for the occurrence of clogging in the buried emitter, and more particularly those caused by root intrusion, in this respect, is very important variables that characterize modulated to ensure the viability and efficiency of the irrigation system. It aims to study the differences in development and productivity with different substrate types and different types of irrigation system, one being the RLSub, handled with different treatments of the herbicide Trifluralina (TFN). Crop response by type of irrigation system used, in terms of efficiency in water use and response to the application of TFN on these and on the occurrence of root intrusion of different types of emitters, is evaluated.Este trabajo ha sido financiado a través del proyecto de investigación “Desarrollo técnico y agronómico del riego localizado subterráneo como alternativa para aumentar la eficiencia hídrica en diferentes sistemas agrícolas. 480/02PA” firmado entre la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (Grupo de Investigación “Agroquímica, Tecnología y manejo de Suelos y Sustratos” del Departamento Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria) y la empresa Sistema Azud S. A