OPINIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE VETERINARIA SOBRE ASPECTOS DE BIENESTAR EN PERROS

El bienestar animal es un tema de creciente interés tanto a nivel social, como científico y ético. La profesión veterinaria implica un estrecho contacto con la población canina, recayendo sobre los veterinarios el deber de conocer y actuar en el caso de que se produzcan déficits en lo relacionado al bienestar animal (Yeates & Main, 2011). El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la percepción que los alumnos de primer y último curso del Grado en Veterinaria de la Facultad de Zaragoza tienen acerca del bienestar animal en perros.Para ello se llevó a cabo una encuesta cerrada que englobó 12 aspectos relacionados con el bienestar que los alumnos debían valorar a través de una escala de importancia del 0 al 4. Esta encuesta es una modificación del que se encuentra en el estudio de Yeates & Main (2011). En los resultados se observa que el parámetro con valoración más alta es el de abusos o crueldad por parte de ambos grupos estudiados, y el parámetro cuya valoración fue menor, fue el de problemas relacionados con la raza. En general, los alumnos de quinto puntuaron significativamente más bajo la mayoría de aspectos valorados. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren la necesidad de concienciar a los alumnos de veterinaria sobre ciertos aspectos del bienestar en la especie canina de cara a su futura actuación profesional

miR-146a rs2431697 identifies myeloproliferative neoplasm patients with higher secondary myelofibrosis progression risk

Myelofibrosis (MF) occurs as part of the natural history of polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), and remarkably shortens survival. Although JAK2V617F and CALR allele burden are the main transformation risk factors, inflammation plays a critical role by driving clonal expansion toward end-stage disease. NF-κB is a key mediator of inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Here, we explored the involvement of miR-146a, a brake in NF-κB signaling, in MPN susceptibility and progression. rs2910164 and rs2431697, that affect miR-146a expression, were analyzed in 967 MPN (320 PV/333 ET/314 MF) patients and 600 controls. We found that rs2431697 TT genotype was associated with MF, particularly with post-PV/ET MF (HR = 1.5; p < 0.05). Among 232 PV/ET patients (follow-up time=8.5 years), 18 (7.8%) progressed to MF, being MF-free-survival shorter for rs2431697 TT than CC + CT patients (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified TT genotype as independent predictor of MF progression. In addition, TT (vs. CC + CT) patients showed increased plasma inflammatory cytokines. Finally, miR-146a−/− mice showed significantly higher Stat3 activity with aging, parallel to the development of the MF-like phenotype. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rs2431697 TT genotype is an early predictor of MF progression independent of the JAK2V617F allele burden. Low levels of miR-146a contribute to the MF phenotype by increasing Stat3 signaling

Safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD: an analysis of the 1-year FIND-CKD trial.

Background: The evidence base regarding the safety of intravenous (IV) iron therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incomplete and largely based on small studies of relatively short duration. Methods: FIND-CKD (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00994318) was a 1-year, open-label, multicenter, prospective study of patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD, anemia and iron deficiency randomized (1:1:2) to IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), targeting higher (400-600 µg/L) or lower (100-200 µg/L) ferritin, or oral iron. A post hoc analysis of adverse event rates per 100 patient-years was performed to assess the safety of FCM versus oral iron over an extended period. Results: The safety population included 616 patients. The incidence of one or more adverse events was 91.0, 100.0 and 105.0 per 100 patient-years in the high ferritin FCM, low ferritin FCM and oral iron groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse events with a suspected relation to study drug was 15.9, 17.8 and 36.7 per 100 patient-years in the three groups; for serious adverse events, the incidence was 28.2, 27.9 and 24.3 per 100 patient-years. The incidence of cardiac disorders and infections was similar between groups. At least one ferritin level ≥800 µg/L occurred in 26.6% of high ferritin FCM patients, with no associated increase in adverse events. No patient with ferritin ≥800 µg/L discontinued the study drug due to adverse events. Estimated glomerular filtration rate remained the stable in all groups. Conclusions: These results further support the conclusion that correction of iron deficiency anemia with IV FCM is safe in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD

Impact of adjunct cytogenetic abnormalities for prognostic stratification in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and deletion 5q.

This cooperative study assessed prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 541 patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and deletion 5q. Additional chromosomal abnormalities were strongly related to different patients' characteristics. In multivariate analysis, the most important predictors of both OS and AML transformation risk were number of chromosomal abnormalities (P&lt;0.001 for both outcomes), platelet count (P&lt;0.001 and P=0.001, respectively) and proportion of bone marrow blasts (P&lt;0.001 and P=0.016, respectively). The number of chromosomal abnormalities defined three risk categories for AML transformation (del(5q), del(5q)+1 and del(5q)+ ≥ 2 abnormalities) and two for OS (one group: del(5q) and del(5q)+1; and del(5q)+ ≥ 2 abnormalities, as the other one); with a median survival time of 58.0 and 6.8 months, respectively. Platelet count (P=0.001) and age (P=0.034) predicted OS in patients with '5q-syndrome'. This study demonstrates the importance of additional chromosomal abnormalities in MDS patients with deletion 5q, challenges the current '5q-syndrome' definition and constitutes a useful reference series to properly analyze the results of clinical trials in these patients

Recensión sobre el trabajo "La idea historicista en Herder y Savigny", de F. J. Contreras.

Copia digital. Zaragoza, 200

Smart cities, data and right to privacy: a look from the Portuguese and Brazilian experience

With the advent of the New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the accelerated development of the urban centres, a new debate arises on how to use ICTs to enhance the development of cities and to make them smarter, in the way that theory has been pointing out as smart and human cities. In this sense, cities became big urban centres collecting data and the new possibilities arising out of it, such as the Big Data and other innovations such as the Internet of the Things (IOT) changed the scenario in terms of personal data. Thus being, this paper was oriented by this research question: how do public administrations deal with the treatment of personal data? For answering this question it was developed a framework whose primordial aim was to evaluate to what extent the Smart Cities projects adopt measures to ensure that the citizen has control on the data collected by the Administration (Digital Sovereignty). For the elaboration of this study it was used the method of monographic procedure, making essentially use of the research technique based on relevant literature review on Smart Cities, Governance and Data Protection. To the employment of these techniques it was added the case study, confronting theory with the practice undertaken by Operations Centre of Rio de Janeiro (OCR) and Integrated Management Centre of Porto (IMCP) concerning the governance of collected user's personal data. The preliminary results arising out of the application of an inquiry revealed that both OCR and IMCP do not present clear information on the treatment of the user's data neither in government portals nor as feedback, since they did not reply to the sent form. From this it may be inferred that the proposed maturity model appears as a valuable auxiliary tool for managers in the development of public policies for smart cities with a focus on data protection. Besides that it is also useful to fulfil academic gaps and, mainly, for the legal / normative production on the subject.Our thanks to the CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil (by CAPES under Grant n. BEX -1788/15-9), and also to the CIIDH-Interdisciplinary Research Center in Human Rights, and to the Algoritimi Centre, both at University of Minho (supported by COMPETE Program (operational program for competitiveness) within project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043, by National Funds through the FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within the Projects UID/CEC/00319/2013)

Development and validation of a prognostic scoring system for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

The natural course of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is highly variable but a widely accepted prognostic scoring system for patients with CMML is not available. The main aim of this study was to develop a new CMML-specific prognostic scoring system (CPSS) in a large series of 558 patients with CMML (training cohort, Spanish Group of Myelodysplastic Syndromes) and to validate it in an independent series of 274 patients (validation cohort, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany, and San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy). The most relevant variables for overall survival (OS) and evolution to acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) were FAB and WHO CMML subtypes, CMML-specific cytogenetic risk classification, and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion dependency. CPSS was able to segregate patients into 4 clearly different risk groups for OS (P < .001) and risk of AML evolution (P < .001) and its predictive capability was confirmed in the validation cohort. An alternative CPSS with hemoglobin instead of RBC transfusion dependency offered almost identical prognostic capability. This study confirms the prognostic impact of FAB and WHO subtypes, recognizes the importance of RBC transfusion dependency and cytogenetics, and offers a simple and powerful CPSS for accurately assessing prognosis and planning therapy in patients with CMM