Education and Gender Wage Differentials in Portugal: What Can We Learn From an Age Cohort Analysis?

Deep changes characterize the evolution of the Portuguese labor market concerning the average schooling of workers, particularly since the 1980s. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consequences of those changes in the gender wage gap. In particular, we analyze and compare the way that this process has evolved in the groups of young workers and older workers. Our findings suggest that the major part of the pay gap refers to employer discrimination practices for both age group cohorts: in the case of the younger workers, discrimination plays an increasing role in explaining the wage gap whereas for the older workers discrimination remains stable overtime. Furthermore, the attributes related to the characteristics of jobs are the major sources of the explained pay gap. In particular, the different way men and women are distributed among the sectors of industry is the main reason of the gap for both cohorts.Labor market; discrimination; salary wage differentials

Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Electron-Rich Aryl Epoxides with Alkenes under Lewis Acid Catalysis Affording Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydrofurans

We report on the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans by reaction between epoxides and alkenes in the presence of a Lewis acid. This is an unprecedented formal [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between an epoxide and an alkene. The chemical reaction represents a very concise synthesis of tetrahydrofurans from accessible starting compounds

The Gender Wage Gap in Portugal: Recent Evolution and Decomposition

Using data from the Personnel Records (Quadros de Pessoal) for the period 1985-2000, we analyse the gender wage gap in Portugal. We estimate wage discrimination and endowment differentials using four decomposition methods. Our main concern is to analyse the key factors that lie behind the persistent gender pay gap despite the deep changes that characterise the recent evolution of the Portuguese labour market and the high female participation rate that exists in the country. Moreover, using the Neumark methodology, we discuss the relative contribution of different factors in explaining the gender pay gap. The results suggest that, in accordance with previous international research, the measured discrimination differential dominates the estimated endowment differential. Over time, a relevant discrimination gap persisted and it didn’t show any tendency to decrease. Results are also consistent in showing that the most important difference in attributes to explain the gender pay gap is the way how males and females are distributed by sector of industry. As to human capital variables, their relative importance to the explanation of the gender pay gap has reduced sharply, particularly along the 90’s.Labour market; discrimination; wage differential; gender

Análisis de la cuota del mercado turístico en Portugal

El presente trabajo presenta un estudio dónde se procuró evaluar el desempeño y la competitividad de los destinos turísticos en Portugal. La evaluación se realizó bajo un instrumento de análisis, Análisis de la Cuota de Mercado, propuesto por Faulkner. Del análisis efectuado se concluyó, con respecto a la evolución de los destinos turísticos, que las Islas de Madeira y Azores pueden clasificarse como regiones de éxito o mercados en crecimiento con las carteras de mercados menos concentradas. Los destinos turísticos Lisboa y Vale do Tejo y Algarve representan mercados maduros al situarse en la región de incertidumbre. Por último, los destinos Norte, Centro y Alentejo pueden considerarse mercados en declive con una elevada dependencia del mercado de origen Europa Meridional. Se concluye aún, que los destinos turísticos presentaran desempeños distintos entre si, es decir, en el período analizado se observaran alteraciones en la competitividad turística en los destinos en estudio.O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo onde se procurou avaliar o desempenho e a competitividade dos destinos turísticos em Portugal. Para tal, aplicou-se um instrumento de análise, Análise da Quota de Mercado, proposto por Faulkner. Da análise efectuada concluiu-se, quanto à evolução dos destinos turísticos, que as Ilhas da Madeira e Azores podem classificar-se como regiões de êxito ou mercados em crescimentos registando as carteiras de mercados menos concentradas. Os destinos turísticos Lisboa y Vale do Tejo e o Algarve representam mercados maduros ao se situarem na região de incerteza. Por último, os destinos turísticos Norte, Centro e Alentejo podem considerar-se mercados em declínio obtendo uma elevada dependência em relação à origem Europa Meridional. Concluiu-se ainda, que os destinos turísticos apresentaram desempenhos distintos entre si, ou seja, no período analisado observaram-se alterações na competitividade turística dos destinos em estudo