PLANEJAMENTO DA REDE VIÁRIA NO MANEJO DE FLORESTA NATIVA UTILIZANDO SIG

The objective of the work was to plan the network of roads, log storage yards and skid trails in the extraction of commercial trees in the native forest with the aid of geographic information systems (GIS). The layers of information considered were; hydrology, slope of the land and the distribution of commercial trees. The optimal road density (DOE) was calculated based on the cost of skidding and the cost of roads and storage yards. From the primary road, the secondary roads were allocated, then the courtyards and finally the primary and secondary skid trails will be allocated. According to DOE calculations, the spacing of 500 m between roads and the spacing between yards of 250 m had the lowest total cost. When compared to the conventional planning of 400 m between roads and 500 m between storage yards, the density of roads decreased by 5 m/ha, even with the increase in the number of yards from 18 to 26, the total area infrastructure was 1.6%, but the productivity of skidding logs increased by 8.47 m3/h due to the reduction in skidding distance by 103.48 m and the total cost was reduced by R$2.37/m3.O trabalho teve como objetivo planejar a rede de estradas, pátios de estocagem de toras e trilhas de arraste na extração das árvores comerciais na floresta nativa com auxílio dos sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG). As camadas de informações consideradas foram: hidrologia, declividade do terreno e a distribuição das árvores comerciais. Foi calculada a densidade ótima de estradas (DOE) baseada no custo de arraste e no custo de estradas e pátios. A partir da estrada primária foram alocadas as estradas secundárias, os pátios e por fim se alocaram as trilhas primárias e as trilhas secundárias.  De acordo com os cálculos da DOE, o espaçamento de 500 m entre estradas e o espaçamento entre pátios de 250 m apresentou o menor custo total. Quando comparado com o planejamento convencional, de 400 m entre estradas e 500 m entre pátios, a densidade de estradas diminuiu 5 m/ha, embora o número de pátios tenha aumentado de 18 para 26 e a área total da infraestrutura tenha sido iguais de 1,6$ 2,37/m3.  Palavras-chave: manejo florestal; custo mínimo; planejamento florestal com SIG.   Road network planning in native forest management using GIS   ABSTRACT: The objective of the work was to plan the network of roads, log storage yards and skid trails in extracting commercial trees in the native forest with the aid of geographic information systems (GIS). The layers of information considered were hydrology, the slope of the land, and the distribution of commercial trees. The optimal road density (DOE) was calculated based on the cost of skidding and the cost of roads and storage yards. From the primary road, the secondary roads were allocated, then the courtyards, and finally, the primary and secondary skid trails were allocated. According to DOE calculations, the spacing of 500 m between roads and the spacing between yards of 250 m had the lowest total cost. When compared to conventional planning, of 400 m between roads and 500 m between yards, the density of roads decreased by 5 m/ha, although the number of yards increased from 18 to 26 and the total infrastructure area was equal to 1 .6%, however log dragging productivity increased by 8.47 m3/h due to the reduction in the skidding distance by 103.48 m and the total harvest cost was reduced by R$ 2.37/m3. Keywords: forest management; minimum cost; forest planning with GIS

Relationship between intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery and arterial stiffness in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: a case-series report

Background: We examined the relationship between the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) and arterial stiffness, assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and the augmentation index (AIx) in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods: A case-series study was made in 366 patients (105 diabetics and 261-non-diabetics). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed on a day of standard activity with the SpaceLabs 90207 system. AASI was calculated as "1-slope" from the within-person regression of diastolic-on-systolic ambulatory blood pressure readings. PWV and AIx were measured with the SphygmoCor system, and a Sonosite Micromax ultrasound unit was used for automatic measurements of CCA-IMT. Results: PWV, AASI and CCA-IMT were found to be greater in diabetic patients, while no differences in AIx were observed between the two groups. CCA-IMT was independently correlated to the three measures of arterial stiffness in both groups. We found an increase in CCA-IMT of 0.40, 0.24 and 0.36 mm in diabetics, and of 0.48, 0.17 and 0.55 mm in non-diabetics for each unit increase in AASI, AIx and PWV. The variability of CCA-IMT was explained mainly by AASI, AIx and gender in diabetic patients, and by age, gender, AASI and PWV in non-diabetic patients. Conclusions: CCA-IMT showed a positive correlation to PWV, AASI and AIx in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. However, when adjusting for age, gender and heart rate, the association to PWV was lost in diabetic patients, in the same way as the association to Alx in non-diabetic patients. The present study demonstrates that the three measures taken to assess arterial stiffness in clinical practice are not interchangeable, nor do they behave equally in all subjects

Refuerzo del proceso enseñanza/aprendizaje por la investigación aplicada al sector productivo

Proyecto de innovación educativa que promueve la motivación del alumno por el acercamiento de desarrollos informáticos industriales al aula a través de proyectos de investigación en el sector empresarial. Promueve el uso de nuevas metodologías presenciales, que fomentan el emprendimiento

Transmittance and optical constants of ca films in the 4-1000 eV spectral range

8 págs.; 8 figs.; OCIS codes: (260.7200) Ultraviolet, extreme; (120.4530) Optical constants; (350.2450) Filters, absorption; (230.4170) Multilayers; (310.6860) Thin films, optical properties.© 2015 Optical Society of America. The low expected absorption of Ca in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) makes it an attractive material for multilayers and filters because most materials in nature strongly absorb the EUV. Few optical constant data had been reported for Ca. In this research, Ca films of various thicknesses were deposited on gridsupported C films and their transmittance measured in situ from the visible to the soft x-rays. The measurement range contains M2,3 and L2,3 absorption edges. Transmittance measurements were used to obtain the Ca extinction coefficient k. A minimum k of 0.017 was obtained at ∼23 eV, which makes Ca a promising low-absorption material for EUV coatings. A second spectral range of interest for its low absorption is below the Ca L3 edge at ∼343 eV. Measured k data and extrapolations were used to calculate the refractive index n using Kramers.Kronig relations. This is the first self-consistent data set on Ca covering a wide spectral range including the EUV.We acknowledge support by the European Community—Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” Programme (through the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative “Integrating Activity on Synchrotron and Free Electron Laser Science”) through proposal number Ref. 2007655. This work was also supported by the National Programme for Space Research, Subdirección General de Proyectos de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, project numbers AYA2010-22032 and AYA2013-42590-P. L. Rodrí- guez-de Marcos and S. García-Cortés are thankful to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) for funding under the Programa JAE, partially supported by the European Social Fund. M. Vidal-Dasilva acknowledges financial support from an FPI fellowship number BES-2006-14047Peer Reviewe

PPAR-γ Gene Expression in Human Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy

Background: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ plays a key role in adipose tissue differentiation and fat metabolism. However, it is unclear which factors may regulate its expression and whether obese patients have changes in adipose tissue expression of PPAR-γor potential regulators such as miR-27. Thus, our aims were to analyze PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients, and to correlate their levels with clinical variables. Subjects and methods: We included 43 morbidly obese subjects who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (31 of them completed 1-year follow-up) and 19 non-obese subjects. mRNA expression of PPAR-γ1 and PPAR-γ2, miR-27a, and miR-27b was measured by qPCR in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clinical variables and serum adipokine and hormone levels were correlated with PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression. In addition, a systematic review of the literature regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients was performed. Results: We found no differences in the expression of PPAR-γ and miR-27 in adipose tissue of obese patients vs. controls. The literature review revealed discrepant results regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients. Of note, we described a significant negative correlation between pre-operative PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients and post-operative weight loss, potentially linked with insulin resistance markers. Conclusion: PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue is associated with weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy and may be used as a biomarker for response to surgeryThis work was funded by the following grants to M.M.: ISCIII and FEDER, PI10/01692, PI16/01548, RD16/0017/0023, and I3SNS-INT12/049, L.H.C.: Junta de Castilla y León GRS 681/A/11, J.-L. T.: GRS 1587/A/17 and GRS1356/A/16, G.S.: ERC 260464, EFSD 2030, MICINNSAF2013-43506-R, and Comunidad de Madrid S2010/BMD-2326. G.S. is an investigator of the Ramón y Cajal Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ISCIII,PI10/01692,Miguel Marcos,PI16/01548,Miguel Marcos,Gerencia regional de salud,junta de castilla y león,GRS 681/A/11,Lourdes Hernández-Cosido,J.-L. T,Lourdes Hernández-Cosido,Gerencia Regional de Salud,Junta de Castilla y León,GRS 1587/A/17,Jorge-Luis Torres,GRS1356/A/16,Jorge-Luis Torre

Association between smoking status and the parameters of vascular structure and function in adults : results from the EVIDENT study

Background: The present study analyses the relation between smoking status and the parameters used to assess vascular structure and function. Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-centre study involved a random sample of 1553 participants from the EVIDENT study. Measurements: The smoking status, peripheral augmentation index and ankle-brachial index were measured in all participants. In a small subset of the main population (265 participants), the carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity were also measured. Results: After controlling for the effect of age, sex and other risk factors, present smokers have higher values of carotid intima-media thickness (p = 0.011). Along the same lines, current smokers have higher values of pulse wave velocity and lower mean values of ankle-brachial index but without statistical significance in both cases. Conclusions: Among the parameters of vascular structure and function analysed, only the IMT shows association with the smoking status, after adjusting for confounders

Glycemic markers and relation with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study

[EN]BACKGROUND: Effect of prediabetes and normal glucose on arterial stiffness remains controversial. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in Caucasian adults. The secondary aim was to analyse this relationship by glycaemic status. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary care. Participants: 2,233 subjects, 35-74 years. Measures: FPG (mg/dL) and HbA1c (%) of all subjects were measured using standard automated enzymatic methods. PG (mg/dL) was self-measured at home two hours after meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for one day using an Accu-chek ® glucometer. CAVI was measured using a VaSera VS-1500® device (Fukuda Denshi), and baPWV was calculated using a validated equation. RESULTS: CAVI and baPWV values were significantly higher in subjects with diabetes mellitus than in glucose normal and prediabetes groups (p<0.001). FPG, PG and HbA1c were positively associated with CAVI and baPWV. The β regression coefficient for: HbA1c was 0.112 (CI 95% 0.068 to 0.155) with CAVI, 0.266 (CI 95% 0.172 to 0.359) with baPWV; for PG was 0.006 (CI 95% 0.004 to 0.009 and for FPG was 0.005 (CI 95% 0.002 to 0.008) with baPWV; and for PG was 0.002 (CI 95% 0.001 to 0.003) and 0.003 (CI 95% 0.002 to 0.004) with CAVI (p<0.01 in all cases). When analysing by hyperglycaemic status, FPG, PG and HbA1c were positively associated with CAVI and baPWV in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: FPG, PG and HbA1c show a positive association with CAVI and baPWV, in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk factors. When analysing by hyperglycaemic status, the association is only maintained in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Effectiveness of a smartphone application for improving healthy lifestyles, a randomized clinical trial (EVIDENT II) : study protocol

Background: New technologies could facilitate changes in lifestyle and improve public health. However, no large randomized, controlled studies providing scientific evidence of the benefits of their use have been made. The aims of this study are to develop and validate a smartphone application, and to evaluate the effect of adding this tool to a standardized intervention designed to improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to physical activity. An evaluation is also made of the effect of modifying habits upon vascular structure and function, and therefore on arterial aging. Methods/Design: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group clinical trial will be carried out. A total of 1215 subjects under 70 years of age from the EVIDENT trial will be included. Counseling common to both groups (control and intervention) will be provided on adaptation to the Mediterranean diet and on physical activity. The intervention group moreover will receive training on the use of a smartphone application designed to promote a healthy diet and increased physical activity, and will use the application for three months. The main study endpoints will be the changes in physical activity, assessed by accelerometer and the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) interview, and adaptation to the Mediterranean diet, as evaluated by an adherence questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Evaluation also will be made of vascular structure and function based on central arterial pressure, the radial augmentation index, pulse velocity, the cardio-ankle vascular index, and carotid intima-media thickness. Discussion: Confirmation that the new technologies are useful for promoting healthier lifestyles and that their effects are beneficial in terms of arterial aging will have important clinical implications, and may contribute to generalize their application in favor of improved population health. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT0201601

Relationships between quality of life and family function in caregiver

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There are caregivers who see their quality of life (QoL) impaired due to the demands of their caregiving tasks, while others manage to adapt and overcome the crises successfully. The influence of the family function in the main caregiver's situation has not been the subject of much evaluation. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between the functionality of the family and the QoL of caregivers of dependent relatives.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study including 153 caregivers. Setting: Two health centers in the city of Salamanca(Spain). Caregiver variables analysed: demographic characteristics, care recipient features; family functionality (Family APGAR-Q) and QoL (Ruiz-Baca-Q) perceived by the caregiver. Five multiple regressions are performed considering global QoL and each of the four QoL dimensions as dependent variables. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to study the influence of the family function questionnaire on QoL.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Family function is the only one of the variables evaluated that presented an association both with global QoL and with each of the four individual dimensions (p < 0.05). Using the CCA, we found that the physical and mental well-being dimensions are the ones which present a closer relationship with family functionality, while social support is the quality dimension that is least influenced by the Family APGAR-Q.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We find an association between family functionality and the caregiver's QoL. This relation holds for both the global measure of QoL and each of its four individual dimensions.</p