Визначення економічних втрат газотранспортних підприємств від виникнення аварійних ситуацій на магістральних газопроводах

Selection of information was conducted to streamline the theoretical provisions and develop practical recommendations for determining the economic losses of gas transportation companies from accidents and failures on gas transmission pipelines, caused, in particular, by corrosion damage to a pipeline.The classification of losses due to the influence of corrosion on the linear part of gas transmission pipelines was considered. It was clarified that the structure of losses of gas transportation enterprises from corrosion during the operation of the linear part of gas transmission pipelines includes the cost of protecting the elements of structures from corrosion; losses from corrosion of metals. It was proved that the size of economic losses from accidents and failures on gas transmission pipelines to a large extent depends on the quality of the anti-corrosion protection system (measures, methods, ways and means of control), and also on observance of the rules of safe operation.The method of calculating economic losses, caused by accidents and failures on gas pipelines (taking into account the cost of compensation for losses from environmental pollution) is proposed, which takes into account the approach of neural networks and has advantages over the existing ones, as it characterizes: nonlinear quality criterion; the influence of  energy characteristics of the interphase layers and aggressive agents on the corrosion processes in metal; nonlinear character of the monitoring system.On the basis of neural networks, a method of controlling the parameters, characterizing the technical state of steel structures in the oil and gas industry was developed, taking into account the nonlinear model for optimizing information and financial flows. The approach of neural networks can reduce errors in estimating the parameters of a nonlinear model that describes the system for monitoring underground pipelines.Проведено відбір інформації для впорядкування теоретичних положень та розробки практичних рекомендацій щодо визначення економічних втрат газотранспортних підприємств від виникнення аварій та відмов на магістральних газопроводах, спричинених зокрема корозійним руйнуванням трупроводу.Розглянуто класифікацію втрат, які зумовлені впливом корозії на лінійну частину магістральних газопроводів.З’ясовано, що структуру втрат газотранспортних підприємств від корозії при експлуатації лінійної частини магістральних газопроводів складають: витрати на захист елементів конструкцій від корозії; втрати від корозії металів.Доведено, що розмір економічних втрат від аварії та відмов на магістральних газопроводах значною мірою залежить від якості застосовуваної системи протикорозійного захисту (заходів, методів, способів і засобів контролю), а також від дотримання правил безпечної експлуатації.Запропоновано методику розрахунку економічних втрат, викликаних аваріями та відмовами на газопроводах (з урахуванням вартості компенсації втрат від забруднення навколишнього середовища), яка враховує підхід нейронних мереж і має переваги над існуючими, оскільки характеризує: нелінійний критерій якості; вплив енергетичних характеристик міжфазних шарів і агресивного середовища на корозійні процеси в металі; нелінійний характер системи моніторингу.На основі нейронних мереж розроблено метод контролю параметрів, що характеризують технічний стан металоконструкцій в нафтогазовій промисловості, з урахуванням нелінійної моделі для оптимізації інформаційних та фінансових потоків. Підхід нейронних мереж дозволяє зменшити похибки щодо оцінювання параметрів нелінійної моделі, яка описує систему моніторингу підземних трубопроводів

A vision of modernity: narratives of historical (dis)continuity in Oman

Be it in academic publications, official speeches or ordinary narratives, the history of Oman and the foundations of its modern nation-state usually appear as a continuous teleological process. The dichotomies such as tradition vis-à-vis modernity and darkness versus enlightenment (or nahḍa) are articulated into a narrative of progression and transformation. This article aims to understand the conception and experience of these notions by looking at how the construction of history and its temporality follows an ethos of continuity. It examines if the vision of modernity selected and incorporated in the national narrative of building a peaceful Oman and creating an Omani identity anchored on Ibadi values is sustainable in the long term. In this process, the Omani citizen emerged, part of the modern citizenship process that requires creating bonds of aggregation through national identity and the relationship between people and state. Finally, the article focuses on the tensions that arise from the way modernisation is framed in the historical trajectory of the state-building, nowadays going through leadership changes and transitioning to a post-oil era.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The 5G conundrum amid geopolitics and security in Europe

The 5G network is the latest generation of wireless technology, representing an upgrade in the digitalrevolution. Although it is supposed to bring tremendous benefits for both enterprises and consumers, it hasstarted to be perceived as a critical infrastructure, becoming one of the most significant fields of competitionamong global powers. Hence, 5G should be seen in the context of a more geopolitical world order causedby the rise of China as a global technology leader. With a focus primarily on Europe and its 5Gimplementation process, this paper aims to understand the core stakes in the 5G debate. The first part of thepaper focuses on the 5G divergent strategy on Huawei in a fragmented Europe. The current debate on 5Gwill determine Europe’s alliance with the United States and its relation with China. The second part of thepaper examines the 5G implementation process in Portugal, a member of the European Union stillcooperating with Huawei. The last part of the paper considers the geopolitical and security implications ofhaving a 5G network dominated by Huawei.A rede 5G é a nova geração de rede sem fio, representando uma evolução na revolução digital. Emborapossa trazer enormes benefícios para as empresas e os consumidores, esta rede é conotada como umainfraestrutura crítica, tornando-se um dos campos de competição mais significativos entre as potênciasglobais. Portanto, o 5G deve ser visto no contexto geopolítico causado pela ascensão da China, que almejatornar-se um líder global em tecnologia. Este artigo visa compreender os principais desafios do debate 5G,focando-se no processo de implementação da rede 5G na União Europeia. A primeira parte do artigodebruça-se sobre a estratégia divergente 5G da Huawei numa Europa fragmentada. O debate atual sobre o5G determinará a aliança da Europa com os Estados Unidos e a sua relação com a China. A segunda partedo artigo incide sobre o processo de implementação da rede 5G em Portugal, um membro da União Europeiaque ainda coopera com a Huawei. A última parte do artigo considera as implicações geopolíticas e desegurança em ter uma rede 5G dominada pela Huawei.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

America's 2024 Election and Europe's Middle East Dilemma

The 2024 US presidential election will recalibrate American foreign policy in the Middle East amidst ongoing regional retrenchment. Though taking different approaches, both major presidential candidates advocate strategies that favour maintaining security engagements while (further) reducing military commitments - a strategic shift that will carry significant implications for Europe. The October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel has reshaped US election discourse, thrusting Middle Eastern foreign policy to the forefront and influencing each candidate's approach. Biden has balanced support for traditional allies with outreach to regional actors, while Trump has proposed taking a more assertive stance on Iran and leaving a lighter military footprint. Harris currently faces the challenge of developing a foreign policy standpoint that ensures regional security while addressing diplomatic concerns. Regardless of the election outcome, American leadership remains critical to Middle East security, especially vis-à-vis countering Iran and supporting allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia. However, the United States must balance its ongoing military retrenchment with projecting power and cultivating regional alliances amid growing competition from China and Russia. Europe must take proactive steps to assert and protect its influence in the Middle East, rather than waiting to adjust to shifts in US engagement in the region

Reimplantarea dinților autologi, metodă alternativă a tratamentelor convenționale

Background. Tooth reimplantation is a surgical method of movement of an autologous tooth from one alveola to another or in the same alveola in the same individual. Objective of the study. Assessment of the biological principles and technique effectiveness of autologous tooth reimplantation as an alternative method to the conventional treatment. Material and Methods. Anamnesis data, clinical and paraclinical investigations were introduced in the patients’ medical records. Investigation as CBCT, Retro alveolar x-ray pre/post and at the interval of 3 to 6 month were made. Similar to the theme literature has been studied. Results. (1) Elaboration and implementation of a patient selection algorithm, which will be the basis for the protocol for autologous teeth reimplantation technique, which will be proposed to perio practitioners. (2) Elaboration and implementation of some surgical-therapeutical methods optimized to restore morpho functional and esthetics of the dental arches. (1) Reduction of the number of surgical procedures and treatment costs.Introducere. Reimplantarea dintelui, este metoda chirurgicală de mutare dintr-o alveolă în alta sau în aceeași alveolă a unui dinte autolog la același individ. Cu toate că indicațiile pentru acest gen de intervenție sunt restrânse, selectarea corectă a pacientului, în combinație cu o tehnică corespunzătoare poate determina un rezultat funcțional și estetic pozitiv și favorabil în timp. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea principiului biologic și a eficacității tehnicii de reimplantare a dinților autogeni ca metodă alternativă în tratamentele convenționale. Material și Metode. Datele anamnestice, investigațiile clinice și paraclinice au fost introduse în fișele medicale. Pacienții au fost investigați prin Tomografie Computerizată (CBCT), Radiografie Retroalveolară pre/post operator și la un interval de 3/6 luni. A fost studiată literatura de specialitate. Rezultate. (1) Elaborarea și implementarea a unui algoritm de selectare care va sta la baza unui protocol în aplicarea metodei de reimplantare a dinților autologi propus medicilor stomatologi specialiști în domeniul parodontologiei. (2) Elaborarea și implementarea unor metode chirugicale-terapeutice optimizate de refacere morfofuncțională și estetică arcadelor dentare. (3) Reducerea numărului de intervenții chirurgicale și a costurilor tratamentului

Dosage of tannins in the fruits of different taxa of g.Crataegus L.

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie “Nicolae Testemitanu” din Republica MoldovaIntroducere. G. Crataegus cuprinde cca 1000 de specii, inclusiv 10 în flora spontană a Republicii Moldova. Astăzi, speciile acestui gen sunt cultivate ca plante producătoare de fructe cu conţinut de flavonoide, vitamine şi polifenoli. Scopul lucrării. Dozarea conţinutului taninic comparativ în fructele diferitor taxoni ai g. Crataegus. Material şi metode. în fructele, recoltate de la 9 taxoni ai g. Crataegus din colecţia Grădinii Botanice a Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei au fost dozate titrimetric taninurile. Rezultate. Analiza rezultatelor dozării denotă că conţinutul de taninuri (%) variază în produsele vegetale analizate. Fructele sp. C.monogyna se deosebesc printrun conţinut taninic bogat - 6.39. De menţionat, că dintre hibrizii naturali, derivaţi de la sp. C.monogyna (Hybridum, Alba plena şi Rosea plena), doar C.hybridum prezintă interes datorită conţinutului taninic (6.47). Acelaşi conţinut se găseşte şi în fructele sp. C.mollis (6.48). Fructele celorlaţi taxoni (C.nigrum, C.sanguinea şi C.punctata aurea) au un conţinut aproape înjumătăţit de taninuri (3.21), excepţie constituie sp. C.oxycantha (1.59). Concluzii. Conţinutul taninic în fructele taxonilor analizaţi variază de la 1.59 până la 6.48%, cele mai bogate fiind cele ale sp. C.monogyna, C.hybridum şi C.mollis.Introduction. There are about 1000 species of the g. Crataegus, including 10 in the spontaneous flora of the Republic o f Moldova. Today, the species of this genus are cultivated as producers o f Suits with content of flavonoids, vitamins, and polyphenols. The aim of the study. Compared dosage o f tanninic content in the Suits of different taas of the g. Crataegus. Material and methods. The tannins were determinated titrimetrically in the Suits from 9 taxa of g. Crataegus, harvested from the collection of Botanical Garden of Academy of Science o f Moldova. Results. The analysis of dosage results indicates that the content of tannins (%) differs in the analyzed vegetable products. Fruits of sp. C.monogyna have a rich tanninic content - 6.39. Mentionating that among the natural hybrids, derived from the sp. C.monogyna (Hybridum, Alba plena and Rosea plena), only C.hybridum presents an interest due to its tanninic content (6.47). The same content can be found also in the fruits of other species C.mollis (6.48). The fruit of other taxa (C.nigrum, C.sanguinea and C.punctata aurea) have almost half of tannin content (3.21), exception being the species C.oxycantha (1.59). Conclusions. The tanninic content in the fruits of analyzed taxons varies from 1.59 to 6.48%, the richest being sp. C.monogyna, C.hybridum and C.mollis

L'acclamation impériale de Pierre-le-Grand

Les circonstances de la proclamation de l’Empire Russe le 22 octobre 1721 ainsi que celles de l’acclamation du tsar Pierre comme "le grand, pére de la patrie, empereur de toutes les Russies” nous sont connues par le menú gráce aux mémorialistes qui furent les témoins de cet événement.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (FAHCE

Affections of non carious etiology at children with disabilities

State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republic of MoldovaIntroduction: Affections of non carious etiology are a large group of hard tooth structure damage, which either acts as a separate nosologic unit or combined with various addictions of development and functioning of organs and organ systems. The development of dental tissue injuries are dictated by both endogenous and exogenous harmful factors, as well as certain dysfunctions of dental development that is mainly of a genetic trait. It is necessaiy that the affections of non carious etiology to be viewed through the prism of the hereditary and acquired anomalies which manifests varied polymorphism in terms of both local clinic and general level. Thus the most vulnerable and most affected group of patients is, unfortunately, children with physical and mental disabilities. They also often are questioned and examined superficially due to the difficulty of working with them or because of ignorance and indifference. R.M. statistics on children diagnosed with primary disability aged under 18 years, namely the category of congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities have been shown to increase from 0.4% to 0.69% in 1000 children, since 2000 until 2012.This statistics emphasizes once again the need to know the interdependence of oral manifestations and dental hard tissue injuries and increased possibility of various affections of organs and child body systems. So non carious affections remain current with their frequency increasing, the peculiarities of development and manifestation of the various groups of patients through specialized assistance system and the lack of universal and effective methods of treatment. Materials and Methods: For the study, research sample included 24 children with various general and dental disorders(8 children from day center "Dorinţa", of city Călăraşi, 7 children from special boarding school of deaf children in the village Hîrboveţ, Călăraşi city, 8 children from special children school with poliomyelitis and infantile paralysis, of Ialoveni).The study used the following research methods: 1. Methodology of journal literature. 2. Clinical methods that include subjective clinical examination, with its parts (accuse, life history), clinical objective, evaluation indexes of oral hygiene and general health. 3. Paraclinical methods included: radiological methods of investigation and study of medical records. Results: After collection, analysis of data obtained through the completed questionnaire and clinical, paraclinical examination which underlined the interdependence of the clinical expression of non carious affections, involving hereditary and congenital factors. Conclusion: As a result of theoretical systematization of clinical information about affections of non carious etiology, we conclude that these injuries are the result of symbiosis of both hereditary predisposition as well as neonatal factors, often having repercussions not only at the stomatognathic system and involvement of different organ systems. The correct diagnosis offers the possibility to achieve a qualitative interdisciplinary treatment of non carious affections and not least the organ systems potentially affected

Los límites del conocimiento histórico

Antes de comenzar resulta normal y necesario pronunciar el elogio de un gran espíritu que ha influido mucho en mi trabajo y, especialmente, en este campo de la filosofía de la historia, el del profesor Henri-Irénée Marrou, catedrático de Historia del Cristianismo en la Sorbona y autor de varios libros admirables, entre otros Historia de la educación en la antigüedad y Sobre el conocimiento histórico. Lo que debo a este gran maestro se verá en las notas de este estudio. No tengo la ambición de presentarles un breviario de la búsqueda en el campo histórico, sino una serie de reflexiones sobre el oficio del historiador. Para delimitar bien el asunto les anunciaré que me ocuparé en primer término del papel del historiador, y después de los documentos históricos y de su comprensión, de las hipótesis y de los conceptos en la historiografía, de los límites de la explicación histórica y, para acabar, de la obra histórica en sí misma.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

AUTOLOGOUS TOOTH REIMPLANTATION, AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Reimplantarea dintelui, este metoda chirurgicală de mutare dintr-o alveolă în alta sau în aceeași alveolă a unui dinte autolog la același individ. Cu toate că indicațiile pentru acest gen de intervenție sunt restrânse, selectarea corectă a pacientului, în combinație cu o tehnică corespunzătoare poate determina un rezultat funcțional și estetic pozitiv și favorabil în timp. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea principiului biologic și a eficacității tehnicii de reimplantare a dinților autogeni ca metodă alternativă în tratamentele convenționale. Material și Metode. Datele anamnestice, investigațiile clinice și paraclinice au fost introduse în fișele medicale. Pacienții au fost investigați prin Tomografie Computerizată (CBCT), Radiografie Retroalveolară pre/post operator și la un interval de 3/6 luni. A fost studiată literatura de specialitate. Rezultate. (1) Elaborarea și implementarea a unui algoritm de selectare care va sta la baza unui protocol în aplicarea metodei de reimplantare a dinților autologi propus medicilor stomatologi specialiști în domeniul parodontologiei. (2) Elaborarea și implementarea unor metode chirugicale-terapeutice optimizate de refacere morfofuncțională și estetică arcadelor dentare. (3) Reducerea numărului de intervenții chirurgicale și a costurilor tratamentului.Background. Tooth reimplantation is a surgical method of movement of an autologous tooth from one alveola to another or in the same alveola in the same individual. Objective of the study. Assessment of the biological principles and technique effectiveness of autologous tooth reimplantation as an alternative method to the conventional treatment. Material and Methods. Anamnesis data, clinical and paraclinical investigations were introduced in the patients’ medical records. Investigation as CBCT, Retro alveolar x-ray pre/post and at the interval of 3 to 6 month were made. Similar to the theme literature has been studied. Results. (1) Elaboration and implementation of a patient selection algorithm, which will be the basis for the protocol for autologous teeth reimplantation technique, which will be proposed to perio practitioners. (2) Elaboration and implementation of some surgical-therapeutical methods optimized to restore morpho functional and esthetics of the dental arches. (1) Reduction of the number of surgical procedures and treatment costs