Global priorities for conservation across multiple dimensions of mammalian diversity

Conservation priorities that are based on species distribution, endemism, and vulnerability may underrepresent biologically unique species as well as their functional roles and evolutionary histories. To ensure that priorities are biologically comprehensive, multiple dimensions of diversity must be considered. Further, understanding how the different dimensions relate to one another spatially is important for conservation prioritization, but the relationship remains poorly understood. Here, we use spatial conservation planning to (i) identify and compare priority regions for global mammal conservation across three key dimensions of biodiversity-taxonomic, phylogenetic, and traits-and (ii) determine the overlap of these regions with the locations of threatened species and existing protected areas. We show that priority areas for mammal conservation exhibit low overlap across the three dimensions, highlighting the need for an integrative approach for biodiversity conservation. Additionally, currently protected areas poorly represent the three dimensions of mammalian biodiversity. We identify areas of high conservation priority among and across the dimensions that should receive special attention for expanding the global protected area network. These high-priority areas, combined with areas of high priority for other taxonomic groups and with social, economic, and political considerations, provide a biological foundation for future conservation planning efforts

A comparative study of the behaviour/stress distribution (tensional forces) around short and standard length implants on the posterior area to the maxilla. Finite element analysis

Current studies conclude that the maximum tension and the greater distribution of forces would occur around the implant neck endorsing the use of short implants. Objectives: Compare the distribution of tensions between a short dental implant osseointegratted osseous availabilities in different vertical and standard osseointegratted implants in the posterior maxilla in mixed terrain. Know the stress distribution of each of the biological models created for this study. Study whether the increased diameter of the short implant favorably affect the comparative distribution of stress. Analyze whether the result obtained in different biological models created with the proponed variables support the use of short dental implants. The method used was the Finite Elements Method (MEF), which allows to solve differential equations associated to a physics problems about complicated geometries. Results: The locations of the maximum values of Mises are concentrated in the cervical portion of the implant. Tensions in the implant in all models are in the same range. Also, is observed that the higher the modulus of elasticity of the elements of the models, the greater the absorption of forces by them. Stress in cortical bone in the models showed no significant differences, but in the model where the diameter of the implant is increased to 4.8, a marked decrease occurs in the bone stress. The comparison of the stresses in the cancellous bone shows that there is difference in the stresses produced in the bone with Bio-Oss®. The Bio-Oss® bone replacement is located in the apical portion of the implant is therefore far from the area of greatest concentration of effort. Conclusion: The maximum concentration of force is in the cervical portion of the implant, son this location is independent of the length of the implant. It is more important and favorable to increase the diameter of the implant than its length. Query the application of previous surgery techniques in order to modify the way of use of standard dental implants, from the biomechanical point of view, the regenerated bone does not support forces, because it?s scarce mechanical resistance, and remoteness from the site of higher force concentration. Placement of short implants in soft bone seems possible, but we recommend further research to reach more firm conclusions. Al lasts, the criterion of implant choice to the various situations of field implantation depends on operator judgment (learning curve).Fil: Loyola González, Pablo Octavio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra Prostodoncia IV B; ArgentinaFil: Férnandez Bodereau, Enrique (h). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Prostodoncia III A; ArgentinaFil: De Leonardi, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Secretaría Académica; ArgentinaOdontología, Medicina y Cirugía Ora

Global long-term monitoring of the ozone layer - a prerequisite for predictions

Although the Montreal Protocol now controls the production and emission of ozone depleting substances, the timing of ozone recovery is unclear. There are many other factors affecting the ozone layer, in particular climate change is expected to modify the speed of re-creation of the ozone layer. Therefore, long-term observations are needed to monitor the further evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer. Measurements from satellite instruments provide global coverage and are supplementary to selective ground-based observations. The combination of data derived from different space-borne instruments is needed to produce homogeneous and consistent long-term data records. They are required for robust investigations including trend analysis. For the first time global total ozone columns from three European satellite sensors GOME (ERS-2), SCIAMACHY (ENVISAT), and GOME-2 (METOP-A) are combined and added up to a continuous time series starting in June 1995. On the one hand it is important to monitor the consequences of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments; on the other hand multi-year observations provide the basis for the evaluation of numerical models describing atmospheric processes, which are also used for prognostic studies to assess the future development. This paper gives some examples of how to use satellite data products to evaluate model results with respective data derived from observations, and to disclose the abilities and deficiencies of atmospheric models. In particular, multi-year mean values derived from the Chemistry-Climate Model E39C-A are used to check climatological values and the respective standard deviations

GC-MS Profile, Antioxidant Activity, and in Silico Study of the Essential Oil from Schinus molle L. Leaves in the Presence of Mosquito Juvenile Hormone-Binding Protein (mJHBP) from Aedes aegypti

Schinus molle is a medicinal plant used as an anti-inflammatory and for rheumatic pain in the traditional medicine of Peru. On the other hand, Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several tropical diseases and the transmitter of yellow fever, chikungunya, malaria, dengue, and Zika virus. In this study, the aim was to investigate the antioxidant activity in vitro and the insecticidal activity in silico, in the presence of the mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein (mJHBP) from Aedes aegypti, of the essential oil from S. molle leaves. The volatile phytochemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the profile antioxidants were examined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The evaluation in silico was carried out on mJHBP (PDB: 5V13) with an insecticidal approach. The results revealed that EO presented as the main volatile components to alpha-phellandrene (32.68%), D-limonene (12.59%), and beta-phellandrene (12.24%). The antioxidant activity showed values for DPPH=11.42±0.08 μmol ET/g, ABTS=134.88±4.37 μmol ET/g, and FRAP=65.16±1.46 μmol ET/g. Regarding the insecticidal approach in silico, alpha-muurolene and gamma-cadinene had the best biding energy on mJHBP (ΔG=-9.7 kcal/mol), followed by beta-cadinene (ΔG=-9.5 kcal/mol). Additionally, the volatile components did not reveal antioxidant activity, and its potential insecticidal effect would be acting on mJHBP from A. aegypti.Revisión por pare

Medidas morfométricas da carcaça de cordeiros de diferentes genótipos submetidos a dois sistemas de produção.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do sistema de produção, bem como de diferentes grupos genéticos sobre as características morfométricas da carcaça de cordeiros. Foram observados 24 animais, machos não castrados, das raças ½Dorper x ½SPRD, ½Santa Inês x ½SPRD e ½Somalis x ½SPRD, submetidos à terminação a pasto e em confinamento. Os animais foram abatidos com peso vivo médio de 30 kg. As carcaças foram pesadas e refrigeradas a 4ºC por 24h, quando então foram mensuradas as seguintes medidas morfométricas: comprimento corporal, perímetro torácico, perímetro da perna, comprimento da perna e comprimento interno. O sistema de produção interferiu nas medidas de perímetro da perna e comprimento interno, não havendo diferença significativa (P>0,05) para as demais medidas. Os genótipos estudados não influenciaram na medida de perímetro. As medidas de comprimento da carcaça, perímetro da perna e comprimento interno não diferiram estatisticamente para os mestiços ½Dorper x ½SPRD e ½Santa Inês x ½SPRD, no entanto esses genótipos apresentaram diferença significativa para a raça ½Somalis x ½SPRD nesses parâmetros. O sistema de produção não acarretou mudanças importantes para as medidas morfométricas de comprimento de carcaça, perímetro torácico e comprimento da perna. O mestiço ½Dorper x ½SPRD apresentou as melhores médias para as medidas estudadas. [Morphometric carcass characteristics of lambs of different genotypes under two production systems]. Abstract: Objectified to evaluate the influence of production system, well as of different genetic groups on the morphometric characteristics of the carcass of lambs. 24 animals had been observed, males not castrated, of breeds ½ Dorper x ½ SPRD, ½ Santa Inês x ½ SPRD and ½ Somalis x ½ SPRD, submitted to termination grass and confinement. The animals had been abated with average alive weight 30 kg. The carcasses had been weighed and cooled 4ºC for 24h, when then following morphometric measures had been measured: corporal length, thoracic perimeter, perimeter of leg, length of leg and internal length. The production system intervened with the measures of perimeter of leg and internal length, not having significant difference (P>0.05) for excessively measures. Studied genotypes had not influenced in measure of perimeter. Measures of length of carcass, perimeter of leg and internal length hanot statistical differed for the mestizos ½ Dorper x ½ SPRD and ½ Santa Inês x ½ SPRD, however these genotypes had presented significant difference for the breed ½ Somalis x ½ SPRD in these parameters. The production system does not cause important changes for morphometric measures of carcass length, thoracic perimeter and length of the leg. The mestizo ½ Dorper x ½ SPRD presented best averages for studied measures

La Deuda Social: exploracion de posibles causas y evaluacion de la accion del FOSIS en la Region del Maule

89 p.La pobreza como fenómeno Social y Multidimensional, resulta ser un problema de preocupación mundial. En Chile, el actual gobierno ha decidido crear el Fondo de Solidaridad Inversión Social, Fosis, como una forma tendiente a erradicar la pobreza y la marginalidad social. De lo anterior, el Fosis ha definido diferentes líneas programáticas de acción. Es de interés evaluar principalmente dos de estas líneas: los Programas de Capacitación Laboral de Jóvenes y los de Apoyo a la Microempresa Urbana y Rural Campesina. Además, se pretendió analizar el impacto real que cada uno de estos programas tienen sobre los beneficiados. Por lo tanto, el intento se centro en detectar si la creación del FOSIS, por una parte, se justificaba y por otra, si había logrado eficientemente su cometido . Además se pretendió entregar alguna forma de evaluación tendiente mejorar su eficacia. La metodología utilizada para llevar a cabo el estudio consistió en la revisión de bibliografía relacionada con e tema y la realización de entrevistas can gente especializad< en el área (estudio exploratorio). Además, se utilizo la técnica de Marketing conocida como Investigación de Mercado: aplicándola a un proceso social que representa el objeto de: estudio. Esta investigación se realizo a través de aplicación personal de un cuestionario estructurado , con disfrazado ( estudio concluyente-descriptivo). Los resultados mas relevantes corresponden a: La evaluación positiva, que tanto jóvenes como microempresarios, hacen dE quienes estuvieron encargados de entregar los conocimientos de la capacitación. El elevado numero de gente que desconoce la existencia y quehacer del Fosis. El importante componente de jóvenes que no aportan a la investigación, negándose responder. Una gran cantidad de Microempresarios que lleve muchos anos en la actividad. Además, el importante numero dE personas que no cumple can los requisitos mínimos para ser considerado joven o microempresario, pero que efectivamente participan de sus programas. En relación can las conclusiones, se observa la in efectividad de los programas en estudio, tanto en cantidad de beneficios entregados, como en calidad de los mismos. Dado lo anterior, el programa no logra una inserción de los jóvenes .en los mercados laborales. Por otra parte, se evidencia la existencia de estratos claramente diferenciables tanto en jóvenes como microempresarios, cada uno de ellos con necesidades especiales, pero que los programas no consideran. Finalmente, se evidencia la necesidad de mejorar la política de difusión que hasta ahora ha realizado la institución respecto de sus programas y beneficios

Expanded binding specificity of the human histone chaperone NASP

NASP (nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein) has been reported to be an H1-specific histone chaperone. However, NASP shares a high degree of sequence similarity with the N1/N2 family of proteins, whose members are H3/H4-specific histone chaperones. To resolve this paradox, we have performed a detailed and quantitative analysis of the binding specificity of human NASP. Our results confirm that NASP can interact with histone H1 and that this interaction occurs with high affinity. In addition, multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments, including native gel electrophoresis, traditional and affinity chromatography assays and surface plasmon resonance, all indicate that NASP also forms distinct, high specificity complexes with histones H3 and H4. The interaction between NASP and histones H3 and H4 is functional as NASP is active in in vitro chromatin assembly assays using histone substrates depleted of H1

Platforms and software systems for an autonomic internet

The current Internet does not enable easy introduction and deployment of new network technologies and services. This paper aims to progress the Future Internet (FI) by introduction of a service composition and execution environment that re-use existing components of access and core networks. This paper presents essential service-centric platforms and software systems that have been developed with the aim to create a flexible environment for an Autonomic Internet.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version