Examination of the 3x2 Achievement Goal Model in Collegiate Recreation: Comparison Across Sport Programs

Sport is a central achievement context through which participants’ direct competence-related behavior to achieve desired outcomes. Achievement goal theory provides a framework for understanding self-directed behavior in achievement contexts. Theorists postulate that achievement goals reflect one’s purpose and anticipated outcomes which guide behavior. To assess this psychological construct, several achievement goal measures have been developed, from a dichotomous model (Nicholls, 1989) to the most recent 3x2 model (Elliot, Murayama, & Pekrun, 2011). In the present research, the 3x2 achievement goal model (i.e., task-approach, task-avoidance, self-approach, self-avoidance, other-approach, other-avoidance) was translated for the collegiate recreational sport domain and tested against alternative theoretical models. A questionnaire was developed and administered to recreational sport participants (N = 614) at a large, post-secondary institution in the United States. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the researchers found the 3x2 model to provide a better fit than the alternative theoretical models. These findings support the most recent theoretical advancement of the achievement goal construct. Through use of multivariate analysis of variance, significant differences across the six achievement goals were found between intramural and sport club participants. These results have implications for researchers and recreational sport practitioners seeking to measure and understand the motivational differences across sport participants

How Do Collegiate Sport Clubs Achieve Organizational Effectiveness?

A greater understanding of the organizational processes of sport clubs can inform strategies to improve clubs’ organizational effectiveness. This study examined whether sport club capacity and activities influence the organizational effectiveness of collegiate sport clubs. Sport club members (n = 201) completed a questionnaire, with secondary data collected from the university. Regression analysis found club operations, club fiscal responsibility, frequency of club practice, and frequency of competitions significantly, positively predict organizational effectiveness. Comparatively, club human capital and facility quality significantly, negatively predict organizational effectiveness. These results have implications relating to club training, mentorship, resource allocation, and club activities

Utilization and Impact of Career Services Among Collegiate Athletes

Career readiness is a concern within the American educational system, particularly among student-athletes that must manage intense time commitments both on and off the field. Student services have emerged in higher education to support career preparation, but the utilization and impact of these services for collegiate athletes is largely unknown. The systems-theory framework (STF) of career development identifies a multitude of internal and external factors that influence individual career development. Guided by STF, the purpose of this study was to predict the factors that influence collegiate athletes\u27 utilization of career services and resulting perceived career skills. An online questionnaire was distributed to collegiate athletes at a Division I university, resulting in 143 collegiate athletes completing the questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated collegiate athletes’ familiarity with career services significantly predicted their utilization of career services. In turn, utilization of only four of nine career services investigated (i.e., Careers Online, Career Fairs, Career Workshops, and Athletic Academic Advisor) significantly predicted perceived career skills positively. Implications for the design and marketing of career services for collegiate athletes are discussed

Goal orientation impacts upon perceived benefits of campus recreation programs.

This study examined recreational sports, with a focus on the relationship between goal orientation and involvement and the influence of goal orientation on the social, intellectual, and fitness benefits associated with participation in group fitness, intramural sport, or sport club. A survey instrument, based upon the TEOSQ questionnaire and QIRS benefit scale, was administered to 1,919 students at a post-secondary institution. Results revealed a significant difference in overall benefits between program groups as well as a significant difference in subgroup benefits between all three program groups, with sport clubs reporting the greatest mean in all benefit groups. Ego orientation was found to insignificantly influence benefits, while task orientation was found to have a positive influence on benefits. These results have implications for practitioners in terms of benefit differences suggesting greater emphasis be placed upon sport clubs, and the positive influence of task orientation suggesting the enhancement of task orientation.by Leeann M. Lower.M.S.Ed

Achievement Goal Orientation as a Predictor of Sport Involvement and Perceived Benefits of Sport Involvement: Examination of a Mixture Model

https://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/9962/8854-thumbnail.jpgGrounded in the dichotomous achievement goal framework, this study examined the utility of achievement goal orientations to predict sport involvement and perceived benefits (social, intellectual, and fitness) associated with participation in three college recreational sport programs: group fitness, intramural sport, and sport clubs. A questionnaire, based on the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Quality and Importance of Recreational Services (QIRS) perceived benefit scale, was administered to recreational sport participants (n = 1,564) at a single institution. A mixture model was proposed and tested, for whichtask orientation was found to positively predict sport involvement and perceived benefits of involvement, while ego orientation only predicted sport involvement. Sport involvement was found to positively predict perceived benefits of involvement. Implications for sport practitioners include task goal orientation enhancement within sport offerings and increased involvement opportunities, while theoretical implications can guide future achievement goal research within the sport domain.</p

Optimizing Student Learning Outcomes of Collegiate Recreational Sports Participation

Higher education theorists have long since proposed student involvement in educational programs is directly proportional to student learning (Astin, 1999), neglecting potential non-linear relationships. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of non-linear relationships between collegiate recreational sports (CRS) participation and student learning outcomes. Data from the NASPA Assessment and Knowledge Consortium were analyzed through ordinary least squares multiple regression to determine if there is a point of diminishing returns in student learning outcomes of CRS participation. The results demonstrate a significant curvilinear relationship for depth and breadth of CRS participation, supporting a point of diminishing returns. The point of diminishing returns in student learning outcomes occurs at a CRS participation frequency of 8 times per week and number of different CRS activities of 30 activities per week. These findings have implications for CRS programming, marketing, and mentorin

Growing the Youth Olympic Games: Comparing Millennial Generation Sport Festival Engagement

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 578-593, 2021. Despite the continued growth of the Olympic Games (OG), the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) has received minimal attention from mainstream media since its introduction in 2010. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare event awareness and consumption intention for the 2012 Winter YOG to two international sport events occurring in the same year. A survey instrument was utilized to examine and compare event awareness, consumption intention, and logo identification for three international sport events within a millennial generation sample. The study showed significant differences in personal and public awareness between the three sport events, with personal (r = .313, p ≤ .001) and public (r = .331, p ≤ .001) awareness for the YOG demonstrating a positive correlation with consumption intention. This study is an important assessment of the YOG event awareness that can be utilized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to better understand and engage their participants and audience. Successful promotion of the YOG may require a transformation of the current marketing strategies that are utilized. The YOG has great opportunity for success in the global sport market to leave behind the status of the best kept secret in sport

Optimizing Health and Wellness Outcomes of Collegiate Recreational Sports Participation

Collegiate recreational sports (CRS) provide an avenue for students to engage in diverse sport programs. While research has confirmed the health benefits associated with participation in CRS activities, an optimal degree of involvement is unknown. The current study examined the point of diminishing returns with respect to health and wellness outcomes associated with CRS involvement. A secondary analysis of data from the 2013 NASPA Assessment and Knowledge Consortium was conducted, including 33,522 college students from 38 institutions across the United States. Findings indicate that students experienced significant increases in health and wellness outcomes from CRS involvement up to four times per week (depth of involvement). Additionally, health and wellness outcomes significantly increased from CRS involvement up to six activities per week (breadth of involvement). Results from this study support the notion of a point of diminishing returns in CRS, which has implications for research, policy development, and sport management