Why graduates of pedagogical institutes become managers?

The problems of future graduates’ motivation increase to their occupational work is investigated. The features of the educational process organization in schools and universities of the country on the basis of the cultural orientation of training and the author’s style of teaching are observed. In modern society, it is important to create new standards of moral and ethical rights as an essential component of the educational process and a new image of a man that should focus on pedagogical science. The system of continuous education «school – pedagogical university» should be expanded, the mode of university life should be changed and combined with the development and introduction if innovative processes in educational establishments. Practical steps of reform in higher pedagogical education are pointed out. The purpose of the paper is to identify the causes of the crisis in pedagogy science and in the system of teacher working up. Methods. Cultural, philosophical approaches are used to investigate the crisis of teacher education and teacher training. Results. Theoretical and practical activities of teaching activity methodology are considered under the conditions of economic and spiritual crisis. Being at a stable condition of a society, the teacher follows traditions and represents self as the compiler of memory of generations. Cultural and historical influence of pedagogical events of previous years ceases to be a significant; the teacher needs to have non-standard decisions, real affairs and the acts are required, helping to avoid repeatability and stability of professional failures. Also it’s important to possess a high level of education, culture, emotions and relationships that would provide live and emotionally rich communication of participants of the educational process; the aim of such communication is to establish the authenticity of the moral and spiritual values. Scientific novelty. Cultural bases of activity of the teaching staff of the university are considered. Ideological nature of pedagogic education as a base for self-actualization is shown. Practical significance. The specific steps to overcome the crisis in the system of training of higher educational qualifications are pointed out: development of strategy of the given preparation as a whole, and tactics of its realisation in concrete high schools on the basis of a social consensus principle; information assurance of financing sources of high school and the reporting on financial and economic activity of its staff; cancellation of introduction practice of various “new generations of standards”, involving an avalanche of “make work”; educational process filling by student teaching in educational institutions of various types and kinds; development of an one-year cycle of a pedagogical education as the second higher education; granting of academic freedom to universities, etc. The importance of subject oriented education within the system «school – university» as a powerful tool to increase motivation of pedagogical work is highlightedВ статье рассмотрены проблемы повышения мотивации будущих педагогов к работе по специальности. С культурологических позиций и с целью обретения выпускниками педвузов авторского стиля преподавания исследованы особенности организации учебно-воспитательного процесса в школах и вузах страны. Предложены практические шаги по реформированию высшего педагогического образования. Цель исследования – выявление причин кризисного состояния педагогической науки и системы подготовки педагогических кадров и поиски выхода из затяжного кризиса. Методика и методы. Использованы культурологические, философские подходы к изучению и решению проблемы. Результаты. Рассмотрены теоретический и практический аспекты методологии педагогической деятельности в условиях экономического и духовного кризиса. При стабильном состоянии общества педагог следует традициям и выступает в качестве транслятора памяти поколений. Однако в период кризиса культурно-историческое влияние педагогических событий прежних лет перестает быть знаковым, и от педагога требуются нестандартные решения, реальные дела и поступки, помогающие избежать повторяемости и устойчивости профессиональных неудач. Для этого необходимы высокая образованность, культура чувств и отношений, обеспечивающие живое, содержательное общение участников образовательного процесса, целью которого является прежде всего утверждение подлинных морально-нравственных и духовных ценностей. Научная новизна. Раскрыты культурологические основы работы педагогического коллектива вуза. Показан мировоззренческий характер педагогического образования, способствующего самоактуализации личности. Практическая значимость. Выделены конкретные меры по преодолению кризиса в системе подготовке кадров высшей педагогической квалификации: выработка стратегии данной подготовки в целом и тактики ее реализации в конкретных вузах на основе принципа общественного согласия; обеспечение открытости источников финансирования вуза и отчетности по финансово-хозяйственной деятельности его коллектива; отмена практики введения различных «новых поколений стандартов», влекущих за собой лавину бумаготворчества; насыщение учебного процесса педагогической практикой в образовательных учреждениях различных типов и видов; создание одногодичного цикла педагогического образования как второго высшего; предоставление академических свобод университетам и др. Особо подчеркнута важность профильного обучения в системе «школа – вуз» как эффективного способа повышения мотивации педагогического труд

A guide to pre-processing high-throughput animal tracking data

1. Modern, high-throughput animal tracking studies collect increasingly large volumes of data at very fine temporal scales. At these scales, location error can exceed the animal’s step size, leading to mis-estimation of key movement metrics such as speed. ‘Cleaning’ the data to reduce location errors prior to analyses is one of the main ways movement ecologists deal with noisy data, and has the advantage of being more scalable to massive datasets than more complex methods. Though data cleaning is widely recommended, and ecologists routinely consider cleaned data to be the ground-truth, inclusive uniform guidance on this crucial step, and on how to organise the cleaning of massive datasets, is still rather scarce. 2. A pipeline for cleaning massive high-throughput datasets must balance ease of use and computationally efficient signal vs. noise screening, in which location errors are rejected without discarding valid animal movements. Another useful feature of a pre-processing pipeline is efficiently segmenting and clustering location data for statistical methods, while also being scalable to large datasets and robust to imperfect sampling. Manual methods being prohibitively time consuming, and to boost reproducibility, a robust pre-processing pipeline must be automated. 3. In this article we provide guidance on building pipelines for pre-processing high-throughput animal tracking data in order to prepare it for subsequent analysis. Our recommended pipeline, consisting of removing outliers, smoothing the filtered result, and thinning it to a uniform sampling interval, is applicable to many massive tracking datasets. We apply this pipeline to simulated movement data with location errors, and also show a case study of how large volumes of cleaned data can be transformed into biologically meaningful ‘residence patches’, for quick biological inference on animal space use. We use calibration data to illustrate how pre-processing improves its quality, and to verify that the residence patch synthesis accurately captures animal space use. Finally, turning to tracking data from Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), we demonstrate the pre-processing pipeline and residence patch method in a fully worked out example. 4. To help with fast implementation of standardised methods, we developed the R package atlastools, which we also introduce here. Our pre-processing pipeline and atlastools can be used with any high-throughput animal movement data in which the high data-volume combined with knowledge of the tracked individuals’ movement capacity can be used to reduce location errors. The atlastools function is easy to use for beginners, while providing a template for further development. The use of common pre-processing steps that are simple yet robust promotes standardised methods in the field of movement ecology and leads to better inferences from data

Effect of kinematics on final state interactions in (e,e'p) reactions

Recent data from experiment E97-006 at TJNAF using the 12C(e,e'p) reaction at very large missing energies and momenta are compared to a calculation of two-step rescattering. A comparison between parallel and perpendicular kinematics suggests that the effects of final state interactions can be strongly reduced in the former case.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to LP

Measurement of the Induced Proton Polarization P_n in the 12C(e,e'\vec{p}) Reaction

The first measurements of the induced proton polarization, P_n, for the 12C (e,e'\vec{p}) reaction are reported. The experiment was performed at quasifree kinematics for energy and momentum transfer (\omega,q) \approx (294 MeV, 756 MeV/c) and sampled a recoil momentum range of 0-250 MeV/c. The induced polarization arises from final-state interactions and for these kinematics is dominated by the real part of the spin-orbit optical potential. The distorted-wave impulse approximation provides good agreement with data for the 1p_{3/2} shell. The data for the continuum suggest that both the 1s_{1/2} shell and underlying l > 1 configurations contribute.Comment: 5 pages LaTeX, 2 postscript figures, accepted by Physical Reveiw Letter

Glucocorticoids alleviate intestinal ER stress by enhancing protein folding and degradation of misfolded proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal secretory cells has been linked with colitis in mice and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endogenous intestinal glucocorticoids are important for homeostasis and glucocorticoid drugs are efficacious in IBD. In Winnie mice with intestinal ER stress caused by misfolding of the Muc2 mucin, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) suppressed ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), substantially restoring goblet cell Muc2 production. In mice lacking inflammation, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist increased ER stress, and DEX suppressed ER stress induced by the N-glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin (Tm). In cultured human intestinal secretory cells, in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner, DEX suppressed ER stress and UPR activation induced by blocking N-glycosylation, reducing ER Ca2+ or depleting glucose. DEX up-regulated genes encoding chaperones and elements of ER-associated degradation (ERAD), including EDEM1. Silencing EDEM1 partially inhibited DEX's suppression of misfolding-induced ER stress, showing that DEX enhances ERAD. DEX inhibited Tm-induced MUC2 precursor accumulation, promoted production of mature mucin, and restored ER exit and secretion of Winnie mutant recombinant Muc2 domains, consistent with enhanced protein folding. In IBD, glucocorticoids are likely to ameliorate ER stress by promoting correct folding of secreted proteins and enhancing removal of misfolded proteins from the ER

A Comparison of Polarization Observables in Electron Scattering from the Proton and Deuteron

Recoil proton polarization observables were measured for both the p($\vec {\rm e}$,e$^\prime\vec{\rm p}\,$) and d($\vec {\rm e}$,e$^\prime\vec{\rm p}\,)$n reactions at two values of Q$^2$ using a newly commissioned proton Focal Plane Polarimeter at the M.I.T.-Bates Linear Accelerator Center. The hydrogen and deuterium spin-dependent observables $D_{\ell\ell}$ and $D_{{\ell}t}$, the induced polarization $P_n$ and the form factor ratio $G^p_E/G^p_M$ were measured under identical kinematics. The deuterium and hydrogen results are in good agreement with each other and with the plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA).Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure; accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

Measurement of the recoil polarization in the p (\vec e, e' \vec p) pi^0 reaction at the \Delta(1232) resonance

The recoil proton polarization has been measured in the p (\vec e,e'\vec p) pi^0 reaction in parallel kinematics around W = 1232 MeV, Q^2 = 0.121 (GeV/c)^2 and epsilon = 0.718 using the polarized c.w. electron beam of the Mainz Microtron. Due to the spin precession in a magnetic spectrometer, all three proton polarization components P_x/P_e = (-11.4 \pm 1.3 \pm 1.4) %, P_y = (-43.1 \pm 1.3 \pm 2.2) %, and P_z/P_e = (56.2 \pm 1.5 \pm 2.6) % could be measured simultaneously. The Coulomb quadrupole to magnetic dipole ratio CMR = (-6.4\pm 0.7_{stat}\pm 0.8_{syst}) % was determined from P_x in the framework of the Mainz Unitary Isobar Model. The consistency among the reduced polarizations and the extraction of the ratio of longitudinal to transverse response is discussed.Comment: 5 pages LaTeX, 1 table, 2 eps figure

The Impact of Major Events on the Lives of Family Caregivers of Children with Disabilities

Copyright 1996 Families International, Inc.The authors examine the family caregiving experience among families with children with severe emotional disabilities from a perspective that recognizes the importance of the family's views and feelings. This viewpoint anticipates the occurrence of both positive and negative experiences and seeks to illuminate the caregiving process from the perspective of outcomes achieved. Family caregivers of 164 children with serious emotional disorders were asked to identify major pleasant and stressful events that had occurred in the past 12 months. The most frequently described pleasant events related to children's behavior, school activities, and interactions with professionals and friends. Frequently described problem areas included children's behavior, professionals/services, and difficulty with school. The impact of these pleasant and stressful events was examined with respect to caregivers' perceived well-being: (I) overall stress, (2) the ability to fulfill responsibilities, and (3) pleasure experienced in various life domains. Implications of the study findings for supporting family caregivers in their roles are discussed

A Measurement of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron through d⃗(e⃗,e′n)p\vec{d}(\vec{e},e'n)p at Q2=0.5Q^2 = 0.5 (GeV/c)2^2

We report the first measurement of the neutron electric form factor $G_E^n$ via $\vec{d}(\vec{e},e'n)p$ using a solid polarized target. $G_E^n$ was determined from the beam-target asymmetry in the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized deuterated ammonia, $^{15}$ND$_3$. The measurement was performed in Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) in quasi free kinematics with the target polarization perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons in a large solid angle segmented detector. We find $G_E^n = 0.04632\pm0.00616 (stat.) \pm0.00341 (syst.)$ at $Q^2 = 0.495$ (GeV/c)$^2$.Comment: Latex2e 5 pages, 3 figure

Realistic Model of the Nucleon Spectral Function in Few- and Many- Nucleon Systems

By analysing the high momentum features of the nucleon momentum distribution in light and complex nuclei, it is argued that the basic two-nucleon configurations generating the structure of the nucleon Spectral Function at high values of the nucleon momentum and removal energy, can be properly described by a factorised ansatz for the nuclear wave function, which leads to a nucleon Spectral Function in the form of a convolution integral involving the momentum distributions describing the relative and center-of-mass motion of a correlated nucleon-nucleon pair embedded in the medium. The Spectral Functions of $^3He$ and infinite nuclear matter resulting from the convolution formula and from many-body calculations are compared, and a very good agreement in a wide range of values of nucleon momentum and removal energy is found. Applications of the model to the analysis of inclusive and exclusive processes are presented, illustrating those features of the cross section which are sensitive to that part of the Spectral Function which is governed by short-range and tensor nucleon-nucleon correlations.Comment: 40 pages Latex , 16 ps figures available from the above e-mail address or from [email protected]