An Empirical Evaluation of an Evolutionary Game Theory Model of the Labor Market

In this paper we intend to perform an empirical evaluation of the evolutionary game theory model of the labor market developed by Araujo and Souza (2010). In order to accomplish this task we focus on the Brazilian labor market by using data from the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD/IBGE, from 1995 to 2008. We used four different methodologies: the OLS, Pseudo-panel with fixed effects, Instrumental Variables and the Heckman Selection Model. Results indicate that the main difference between the 1995-2002 and 2003-2008 period is the impact of education over wages. According to these findings, investments in education were more profitable for the 2003-2008 period. However, all wage gaps between formal and informal markets reduced considerably.formal and informal and labor market, evolutionary game theory.

INEQUALITY AND CRIMINALITY REVISITED: FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM BRAZIL

The objective of this study is to shed light on the determinants of criminality in Brazil. In order to undertake it we performed an econometric model based in panel data analysis for Brazilian states: Among the major conclusions we have an important result that income inequality plays an important role in criminality. Results also showed that unemployment and urbanization are positively related to crime factors. Based in panel data GMM methodology we found the existence of "inertial effect" on criminality. Panel data GMM estimator was also used to control the existence of endogeneity related to the variable public security. In this case, the results showed that public security spending is effective to diminishes criminality. Contrary to the common wisdom, we cannot found evidence that poverty increases violent crime. Finally considering the results from the Granger causality tests, it was possible to show that inequality causes crime in fact and not the contrary, what supports that the income inequality in an inequivocous determinant of criminality.

An Empirical Evaluation of an Evolutionary Game Theory Model of the Labor Market

In this paper we intend to perform an empirical evaluation of the evolutionary game theory model of the labor market developed by Araujo and Souza (2010). In order to accomplish this task we focus on the Brazilian labor market by using data from the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD/IBGE, from 1995 to 2008. We used four different methodologies: the OLS, Pseudo-panel with fixed effects, Instrumental Variables and the Heckman Selection Model. Results indicate that the main difference between the 1995-2002 and 2003-2008 period is the impact of education over wages. According to these findings, investments in education were more profitable for the 2003-2008 period. However, all wage gaps between formal and informal markets reduced considerably

An Empirical Evaluation of an Evolutionary Game Theory Model of the Labor Market

In this paper we intend to perform an empirical evaluation of the evolutionary game theory model of the labor market developed by Araujo and Souza (2010). In order to accomplish this task we focus on the Brazilian labor market by using data from the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD/IBGE, from 1995 to 2008. We used four different methodologies: the OLS, Pseudo-panel with fixed effects, Instrumental Variables and the Heckman Selection Model. Results indicate that the main difference between the 1995-2002 and 2003-2008 period is the impact of education over wages. According to these findings, investments in education were more profitable for the 2003-2008 period. However, all wage gaps between formal and informal markets reduced considerably

DISCRIMINAÇÃO RACIAL NO MERCADO DE ENFERMAGEM NO BRASIL: EVIDÊNCIAS A PARTIR DE ESTIMATIVA DE DADOS EM PAINEL

This paper investigates the existence of discrimination among nursing professionals in Brazil by taking into account the Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition (1994, 1999) together with the methodology of panel data used to estimate the parameters that form the basis for application of this procedure method. The coefficients are substantially larger in the period 1992-2011, suggesting that there had been structural changes in the wage formation for all cohorts. The coefficients for cohorts seek to capture the fixed effects of age groups. The fixed-effect for whites (167.4%) has become quite higher than for non-whites (119.7%), suggesting that they would have experienced higher increases to their salary.Este trabalho investiga a existência de discriminação entre os profissionais de enfermagem no Brasil utilizando o procedimento de decomposição de Oaxaca-Ransom (1994, 1999), em conjunto com a metodologia de dados em painel utilizada para estimar os parâmetros para aplicação do método. Os coeficientes são substancialmente maiores no período 1992-2011, sugerindo que há mudanças estruturais na formação dos salários para todas as coortes. Os coeficientes referentes às coortes procuram capturar os efeitos fixos dos grupos etários. O efeito fixo para os brancos (167,4%) é muito maior do que o para os não brancos (119,7%), sugerindo que os brancos teriam experimentado aumentos de salário superiores aos não brancos

Demanda por saneamento básico no Brasil: uma análise com uso do modelo multinomial logit

Basic sanitary services, that include waste disposal, treated water supplies and sewage services, have a strong effect on human health and on the environment. Brazil stands as having a large deficit in these services which results in a decrease in the productivity of labor and losses in GDP. This study aims at estimating an exploratory sanitary service demand model for Brazil. Two complementary approaches are used. The first one is a demand model estimated by a logit type regression where the three sanitary services are jointly analyzed. The second model takes each component individually for analytical purposes. In this sense, a random utility model based on the multinomial logit is used for waste disposal and sewage. In spite of data limitation, in both models it was possible to observe that demand is sensitive to factors such as education, family background, race, location, etc. Also relevant as a determining factor is the effect of household income, being especially true for poorer households

Vantagens comparativas e restrições comerciais: uma avaliação do comércio Brasil/Alemanha em 2001

Este artigo analisa as exportações do Brasil para a Alemanha em 2001, por grupos de produtos exportados, com base na intensidade da utilização do fator de produção correspondente à qualificação da mão-de-obra. Define as vantagens comparativas das exportações brasileiras para o mercado alemão com base no modelo de Heckscher-Ohlin. Após a identificação dos produtos brasileiros que apresentam vantagens comparativas, analisamos os principais obstáculos impostos pelo mercado alemão a esses produtos, tendo em vista as barreiras comerciais (tarifárias e não tarifárias) e aplicadas pela Alemanha às exportações brasileiras, no âmbito da regulamentação comunitária da União Européia

Synthesis and Frictional Characteristics of Bio-Based Lubricants Obtained from Fatty Acids of Castor Oil

The depletion of oil reserves and concerns about the environmental impact of the use and incorrect disposal of mineral lubricants have been promoting the development of bio-based lubricants. In this study, biolubricants obtained from fatty acids of castor oil were synthesized by esterification (>wt.%93), epoxidation (>wt.%92), and oxirane ring opening reactions using water (>wt.%92) or 2-ethylhexanol (>wt.%94) as nucleophilic agents. The frictional characteristics of the synthesized samples were obtained through tribological tests performed in a four-ball tester and compared with a commercial mineral oil. The sample obtained through oxirane ring opening with water showed the best frictional performance (FC = 0.0699 ± 0.0007) among the prepared samples, with equivalent wear rate (WSD = 281.2 ± 5.54 μm) and ca. 20% lower friction coefficient when compared to the commercial mineral oil, indicating its great potential for replacing mineral fossil oils.We thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico) Projects: 304950/2019-0 (Tavares de Luna, F.M.), 309046/2018-1 (Loureiro Cavalcante, C., Jr.) and FUNCAP (Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) Project E1-0079-0004301 for financial support for this study. Ribeiro-Filho thanks the FAPEMA (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão) Project 01131/18 (Campos Flexa Ribeiro Filho, P.R.) and Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA) for financial support. E.R.-C. thanks Junta de Andalucía, project P20-00375 and FEDER funds. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Greywater treatment by anodic oxidation, photoelectro-Fenton and solar photoelectro-Fenton processes: Influence of relevant parameters and toxicity evolution

In this study, the applicability of factorial design to the treatment of greywater (GW) containing dodecyl-benzene sulfonic acid (LAS) by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) is demonstrated. At bench scale, anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (AO-H2O2) and photoelectro Fenton (PEF) processes were studied following a 23 factorial design with central point insertion, using a first-order mathematical polynomial. In the former process, the combination of a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode with a carbon-PTFE air-diffusion cathode, both of 3 cm2, yielded a 76% degradation of LAS at 40 mg L-1 along with 52% TOC removal under optimized conditions. The PEF process with 5 mg L-1 Fe2+ at current density of 77.5 mA cm-2 allowed attaining a 63% of LAS degradation and 78% of TOC abatement. The best conditions found for PEF according to the factorial design, in terms of Fe2+ concentration and current density, were applied for the treatment of 10 L of raw GW by solar PEF (SPEF) using a compound parabolic collector (CPC) as solar reactor and a filter-press electrochemical cell. A 70% of LAS removal and a 55% of GW mineralization were attained after 240 min of treatment. Artemia salina toxicity tests were performed with effluents resulting from the different methods under optimum conditions, and the SPEF process was proven to be the most effective and promising EAOP for the reduction of GW toxicity