High Dimension Granite Pavement Bio-Desalination Practical Implementation

[EN] Featured Application This work has developed an innovative and optimized in situ high dimension bio-desalination application protocol that has been applied for the bio-desalination of the 233 m(2) Conxo Chapel granite pavement. This optimized protocol has the potential to be transferable to other large scale in situ biocleaning strategies. Biocleaning technology is based on the use of safe environmental microorganisms for green cultural heritage (CH) restoration. Compared with traditional cleaning products, this biological technique is very specific, effective, and nontoxic. This innovative biotechnological application has been used for recovering diverse monuments and artworks. Most CH in situ surfaces that are treated with microorganisms are small areas; however, some important pathologies, such as salt contamination, can affect high dimension artistic surfaces. The purpose of this study is to analyze and overcome the problems and limitations of scaling up the bio-desalination protocol for in situ applications. Three water-based gel delivery systems and three heating systems were tested in situ and evaluated in terms of performance difficulty, efficacy, and costs. The tests were carried out on the salt contaminated granite pavement of Cristo Chapel of Sta Ma de Conxo in Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Ground agar 2% and a heating electric mat were selected as the best performing systems. The implemented protocol was applied for the bio-desalination of the 233 m(2) Chapel pavement. Conductivity, nitrate-nitrite measurements, biological monitoring, and digital image analysis were performed to determine the efficacy of the treatment. This research allowed for the development of an innovative and optimized in situ, high dimension bio-desalination application protocol transferable to other large scale, in situ biocleaning strategies.This research was funded by CONSORCIO DE LA CIUDAD DE SANTIAGO, which promotes intervention studies in this building.Bosch-Roig, P.; Pérez-Castro, L.; Fernández-Santiago, Á.; Bosch Roig, I. (2021). High Dimension Granite Pavement Bio-Desalination Practical Implementation. Applied Sciences. 11(14):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146458S118111

El fomento de la expresión oral en el aula

El objetivo principal de este trabajo de fin de grado es atender a la importancia de la expresión oral en el aula, centrando la práctica de ésta al nivel de primer curso de Educación Primaria. Así pues, por medio de mi trabajo, trataré de fusionar lo aprendido a lo largo de estos cuatro años de formación en la universidad (haciendo referencia tanto a contenidos teóricos como prácticos), con la puesta en escena de una serie de talleres enfocados al desarrollo de la expresión oral en el aula, habiendo sido éstos fundamentados de forma teórica, en un paso anterior a su desarrollo. Con todo ello, pretendo dejar constancia de la necesidad de tomar la expresión oral como un requisito indispensable en el proceso educativo desde una infancia temprana. Y es que ésta supone adquirir una fusión entre la competencia lingüística y comunicativa, que le permita al alumnado gozar de libertad, autonomía e iniciativa personal suficientes para articular sus pensamientos de forma ordenada y clara. Suele ocurrir que, aunque el fomento de la expresión oral se torne fundamental, éste queda relegado a un segundo plano en el proceso educativo, dotando de supremacía al aprendizaje de la lectoescritura. Es por tal motivo que considero esencial el hecho de centrar mi trabajo de fin de grado en la importancia de atender a la oralidad como vía comunicativa, alejándonos de la idea de pensar que ésta es menester únicamente de la educación familiar. En definitiva, la base sobre la que construyo mi trabajo es la necesidad de que todo docente permita que en sus programas se le otorgue un espacio a la expresión oral, tomando ésta con la verdadera importancia de la que goza. Así pues, les invito a que se adentren, a continuación, en mi proyecto, en un camino que toma como punto de partida tal necesidad

Estudio de la reacción de Maillard en papillas listas para el consumo

RESUMEN La calidad nutritiva/proteica de las papillas infantiles puede modificarse durante su elaboración y almacenamiento por el desarrollo de la reacción de Maillard (RM). El objeto final del trabajo es contribuir a un mejor conocimiento del desarrollo de esta reacción durante el almacenamiento de papillas de cereales con leche (PCL) listas para el consumo. Se optimiza y valida un método para la determinación de aminoácidos resistentes a la hidrólisis ácida, metionina y cisteína, por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR) en fase reversa con detección de fluorescencia, previa derivatización con AQC (6-aminoquinolil-N-hidroxisuccinimidil carbamato). El triptófano se determina con hidrólisis básica, sin derivatización y por CLAR/UV. Estos métodos se aplican a PCL (multicereales, 8 cereales con miel, y cereales y frutas), y se observa que tienen un perfil similar, que a la vez es parecido al de la leche, su principal componente. Una ración de PCL (250 mL) contribuye significativamente al cumplimiento de las ingestas dietéticas recomendadas (RDA) de lactantes y niños de corta edad. El índice químico estimado (FAO/OMS, 1985) viene dado por el triptófano (aminoácido limitante). Se estudia la evolución de la RM durante el almacenamiento de PCL a tres temperaturas (25, 30 y 37ºC) durante 9 meses, midiendo indicadores de las distintas etapas de la RM: furosina (etapa inicial), por CLAR/UV; AGEs y pentodil-lisina (etapa avanzada), por fluorimetría; y color (etapa final), utilizando un colorímetro Hunter Labscan. Estos indicadores aumentan de forma gradual a lo largo del almacenamiento de las PCL y con la temperatura. Se proponen modelos predictivos, en función de las variables tiempo, temperatura y/o tipo de muestra, que explican un porcentaje elevado (80-96%) de la variabilidad encontrada en la formación de dichos compuestos. Las correlaciones parciales entre los indicadores estudiados no son significativas, lo que sugiere diferentes vías de formación. Según los resultados obtenidos, los compuestos fluorescentes y coloreados se formarían, mayoritariamente, por vías paralelas. La adición de miel a las PCL puede favorecer el desarrollo de las primeras etapas de la RM. Los compuestos coloreados no varían por pequeños cambios en la composición de las PCL. Finalmente, se optimiza y valida un método de determinación de carboximetil-lisina (CML) por cromatografía de gases con detección FID (ionización de llama), previa derivatización con N-metil-N-(tert-butildimetilsilil)-trifluoroacetamida (MTBSTFA), y se aplica a las PCL, a sistemas modelo con diferentes tipos de proteína y otros alimentos. El método permite la medida simultánea de CML, lisina y lisinoalanina (LAL) (aminoácido artificial formado durante el calentamiento de alimentos ricos en proteínas). En los sistemas modelo estudiados, la proteína que proporciona mayor cantidad de CML es la BSA, seguida de la soja, la caseína y el gluten. Las PCL recién fabricadas no contienen CML ni LAL, pero en muestras almacenadas durante 9 meses a 37ºC se detecta CML (69.1-118.2 mg/100g proteína). __________________________________________________________________________________________________The thermal treatments applied in infants foods manufacture and the storage period favour the development of the Maillard reaction (MR), than can affect the protein quality. The final aim of this work was to study the development of MR in milk-cereal based ready-to-eat infant foods. The validation of a pre-column derivatization procedure with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) to the determination of the amino acid content by reverse-phase high performance chromatographic (RP-HPLC) with fluorescence detection was carried out. Tryptophan was determined by RP-HPLC with UV detection after basic hydrolysis. Three different milk-cereal based infant foods were analyzed. The amino acid profiles were similar in all samples, and also similar to the amino acid profile of milk, their main component. A infant food serving (250 mL) contributes significantly to fulfillment of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for infants and young children. Tryptophan was the limiting amino acid in the analyzed infant foods. Furosine, fluorescent AGEs (advanced glycation end products) and color formation were measured in the three mentioned infant foods stored at 25º, 30º and 37ºC for 9 months to evaluate the initial, advanced and final stages of the MR, respectively. Temperature increase and storage time had a great effect on the formation of these MR indicators. Predictive model equations were obtained explaining 80-96% of the variability in the formation of these compounds. The partial correlations between the studied parameters were nonsignificant, suggesting different pathways in their formation. Parallel formation of fluorescent and colored compounds is proposed. Color is less sensitive to small changes in sample composition. The presence of honey can favour the first steps of MR. The validation of a method for evaluating protein quality by simultaneous analysis of lysine, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and lysinoalanine (LAL, crosslinking product) by gas chromatography-FID prior N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide derivatization was carried out. Model systems were studied to know the influence of protein source on the rate of carboxymethylation. CML and LAL were not detected in just manufactured milk-cereal based infant foods; however, levels of CML from 69 to 118 mg/100 g protein were measured in milk-cereal based infant foods stored at 37ºC for 9 months

Fluorescence and colour as markers for the Maillard reaction in milk-cereal based infants foods during storage

[EN] Free and total fluorescence compounds and color formation were measured in three different milk-cereal based infant foods stored at 25, 30 and 37 degrees C for 9 months to evaluate the advanced and final stages of the Maillard reaction. Milk-cereal infant foods containing honey (13) or fruits (C) had fluorescent values higher than sample (A) without them. This difference could be ascribed to the higher monosaccharide (fructose and/or glucose) content of (B) and (C), which could increase susceptibility to the Maillard reaction. However, for color increase (Delta E), no significant differences (p < 0.05) among the three types of samples were found. During the storage period, a gradual increase in fluorescence and color was observed, and statistically significant differences among the three temperatures studied were detected, the values being greater at 37 degrees C than at 30 degrees C and 25 degrees C. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Bosch, L.; Alegría, A.; Farre, R.; Clemente Marín, G. (2007). Fluorescence and colour as markers for the Maillard reaction in milk-cereal based infants foods during storage. Food Chemistry. 105(3):1135-1143. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.16S11351143105

Investigación del delito y juicios rápidos. La policía judicial tras la entrada en vigor de la Ley 38/2002, de 24 de octubre

Se aborda en el presente trabajo el estudio de las nuevas funciones atribuidas a la Policía Judicial como consecuencia de la entrada en vigor de la Ley 38/2002, de 24 de octubre, de reforma parcial de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, sobre procedimiento para el enjuiciamiento rápido e inmediato de determinados delitos y faltas y de modificación del procedimiento abreviado, desde el punto de vista de la consecución de la agilidad y celeridad del proceso penal, así como el análisis de problemas concretos en el desempeño de tales funciones que pueden impedir dicha agilización.The study of the new functions attributed to the Judicial Police is approached in the present work as a result of the take effect of Law 38/2002, 24 of October, partial reform of the Law of Criminal Enjuiciamient, on procedure for the fast and immediate judgment of certain crimes and lack and modification of the brief procedure, from the point of view of the attainment of the agility and speed of the penal process, as well as the analysis of concrete problems in the performance of such functions that can prevent this streamlining

Los juzgados de violencia sobre la mujer

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de los nuevos juzgados de violencia sobre la mujer creados por la Ley Orgánica 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género, en los que van a confluir competencias de orden civil y penal, limitando su conocimiento a aquellos asuntos en los que concurran determinados requisitos, entre ellos, que se haya producido un acto de violencia sobre una mujer.The present work intends the study of the new courts of violence on the woman created by the Ley Orgánica 1/2004, of 28 of December, Measures of Integral Protection against the Violence of Sort, in that they are going to come together competences of civil and penal order, limiting its knowledge those subjects in which certain requirements concur, among them, who have taken place a violence act on a woman

Restriction of procedural rights as common denominator of the Spanish speedy trials

El presente estudio pone de manifiesto cómo la preocupación por conseguir un proceso penal más rápido ha llevado a los poderes públicos españoles, desde la promulgación de la vigente Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, a prever procedimientos abreviados en los que las garantías procesales ceden ante la rapidez procedimental.The present study shows how the preoccupation with obtaining a fster penal process has led the Spanish authorities, since the promulgation of the Law of Criminal Procedure, to foresee abbreviated procedures in which the speed of the procedure prevails over procedural rights

La agilización del proceso penal y las garantías de defensa del imputado en la instrucción de los juicios rápidos

Estudio el problema de la lentitud de la justicia y la necesidad social de alcanzar un proceso penal más eficaz, entendiendo por eficacia la rapidez en la resolución de los conflictos penales, que necesariamente debe ir unida a la exigencia de un proceso con todas las garantías. La necesidad de abordar este tema se pone de manifiesto con la creación del procedimiento para el enjuiciamiento rápido de determinados delitos. La tesis se centra en conocer en profundidad este nuevo intento de agilizar la justicia penal española y en si ese afán agilizador supone un desconocimiento del derecho de defensa del imputado en la fase de investigación del hecho delictivo

Psychiatric disorders and comorbidity in a Spanish sample of prisoners at the end of their sentence : Prevalence rates and associations with criminal history

This study examined, for the first time, the prevalence of mental disorders and comorbidities among inmates who were about to be released, and their association with criminal history. A Spanish sample of 140 prisoners at the end of their sentence was recruited from an occupational program. Psychiatric disorders were determined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Bivariate analyses followed by multivariate regression models were conducted to identify significant variables for repeat incarceration and violent offending. The lifetime prevalence of Axis I disorders was 81.4%, with substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) being the most common diagnoses (51.4 and 31.4%, respectively). The current prevalence of Axis I disorders was 59.0%, including learning disorders (38.6%), ADHD (16.4%), and SUD (5.71%) among the most frequent syndromes. Thirty-six (26.5%) participants met criteria for a current Axis II disorder, which commonly was an antisocial personality disorder (12.5%). The majority of the sample (60.8%) suffered from two or more comorbid disorders during their lifetime, although the current prevalence fell to 23.3%. Childhood ADHD increased the number of imprisonments, while inmates convicted of a violent crime were more likely to present a learning disorder. Having a lifetime diagnosis of SUD or multiple psychiatric disorders appeared to be associated with both repeat incarceration and violent offending. Given the high rate of mental disorders still present among subjects completing prison sentences and the challenges they may encounter to benefit from vocational programs, our results suggest that appropriate psychiatric care should be provided during imprisonment and after release to facilitate their community reintegration