Présences d'un passé insurrectionnel. Interventions publiques et devenirs personnels des vétérans des 5 et 6 juin 1832 sous la Deuxième République

Pas de résumé disponible actuellementNo abstract available by no

Improving D&D Planning and Waste Management with Cutting and Packaging Simulation

The increased amount of decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) being performed throughout the world not only strains nuclear cleanup budgets, but places severe demands on the capacities of nuclear waste disposal sites. Although budgets and waste disposal sites have been able to accommodate the demand thus far, the increasing number of large facilities being decommissioned will cause major impacts to the waste disposal process. It is thus imperative that new and innovative technologies are applied within the D&D industry to reduce costs and waste disposal requirements for the decommissioning of our inventory of large and aging nuclear facilities. One of the most significant problems reactor owner’s deal with is the accurate determination of the types and volumes of wastes that will be generated during decommissioning of their facilities. Waste disposal costs, restrictions, and transportation issues can account for as much as 30% of the total costs to decommission a facility and thus it is very important to have accurate waste volume estimates. The use of simulation technologies to estimate and reduce decommissioning waste volumes provides a new way to manage risks associated with this work. Simulation improves the process by allowing facility owners to obtain accurate estimates of the types and amounts of waste prior to starting the actual D&D work. This reduces risk by permitting earlier and better negotiations with the disposal sites, and more time to resolve transportation issues. While simulation is a tool to be used by the D&D contractors, its real value is in reducing risks and costs to the reactor owners

Assessment of groundwater resources: Nauru project 2010 – 2019

Nauru is a small limestone island in the Pacific region where, as in many small islands in the world, the population heavilyrely upon groundwater as primary freshwater resource, in conjunction with rainwater and desalinated water.The Nauru project started in 2010 and led by Politecnico di Milano (http://nauru.como.polimi.it/), consisted on the hydrogeological characterization of the northern part of the island and the implementation of 3 numerical models for: (1) understanding the mechanisms governing groundwater flow and accumulation, (2) assess the adequate sustainable fresh groundwater exploitation in order to prevent saltwater upconing occurrences in the area more suitable for groundwater extraction and (3) to simulate future scenarios based on climate changes and population growth

Using Causal Loop Diagrams to Conceptualize Groundwater as a Social-Ecological System

Groundwater systems are social-ecological systems (SES) in which human communities, groundwater dependent ecosystems and groundwater resources are linked, and therefore, cannot be studied in isolation. Complex adaptive systems are characterised by non-linear relationships and feedbacks between the system variables. Modeling feedbacks between social and ecological variables of groundwater systems requires a
 shift from traditional hydrogeological studies to more holistic approaches that simulate groundwater as a SES. A framework was developed to study and manage groundwater as a social-ecological system. Operationalizing the framework to develop empirical models that consider the social and ecological aspects of groundwater dynamics requires translating the framework components into measurable model inputs that capture the key relationships between social and ecological components. Causal loop diagrams (CLD) are an ideal tool for translating between a conceptual framework and an operational, empirical model. Causal loop diagrams can reveal system complexity associated with the interaction of social, ecological and hydrological components, and identify key inputs that need to be considered to model groundwater as a SES. This paper applies CLD to conceptualize the feedbacks between the social, ecological and hydrological components
 of a groundwater system. The concept is applied to the groundwater system in the island of Nauru, and shows that two balancing feedbacks help maintain the system in a precarious state of usability while several reinforcing feedbacks in the social subsystem apply constant pressure to the system. The CLD reveals that the social subsystem is large and complex, even though the island population is small (approximately 10,000 people). It also demonstrates that the social system is by far the larger disruptor and has the greater potential to alter system states

Low parathyroid hormone status induced by high dialysate calcium is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in hemodialysis patients

Here we studied a possible association between low parathyroid hormone (PTH) status and mortality in incident patients undergoing hemodialysis . A total of 1983 patients were included at baseline and prospectively followed for 24 months. Patients were classified according to their Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes PTH status at baseline and at 12 months, and mortality evaluated at 12 to 24 months using adjusted Cox analysis. Factors potentially involved in PTH status variability between baseline and 12 months were analyzed. A decrease in serum PTH from normal or high to low values between baseline and 12 months was associated with significantly increased cardiovascular mortality at 12 to 24 months (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–3.36). For patients with high or normal baseline PTH levels, the main independent factor at 6 months for a decrease to low PTH levels at 12 months was high dialysate calcium (1.75 mmol/L), whereas prescription of non–calcium-based phosphate binders was associated with a lower risk of PTH decrease. In the high cardiovascular (CV) mortality risk subgroup of patients who acquired a low PTH status at 12 months, the main independent factor at 12 months associated with significant 12- to 24-month CV mortality was high dialysate calcium (odds ratio, 5.44; 95% CI, 2.52–11.75). Thus, patients with a serum PTH decrease to low values after 1 year of hemodialysis treatment are at high risk of short-term CV death. High dialysate calcium was an important contributor to PTH oversuppression, and continued use was associated with increased CV mortality

Improvement of leucocytic Na+K+ pump activity in uremic patients on low protein diet

Improvement of leucocytic Na+ K+ pump activity in uremic patients on low protein diet. Leucocytic Na+K+ pump activity was assessed in 20 patients with advanced renal failure. Na+K+-ATPase activity was reduced when compared with the values obtained from normal subjects (101.8 ± 48.6 versus 165.13 ± 8.9 µM of Pi hr-1 · g-1 P < 0.001) and the mean 86Rb uptake by U 937 cells was depressed by 38% after the addition of patients' sera. Subsequently, patients were put on a diet providing 0.3g protein/kg body weight daily and supplemented with ketoacids. After three months of dietary treatment Na+K+-ATPase activity increased to 142 ± 48.3 (P < 0.01) and reached normal values at the sixth month (162.8 ± 54.70 µM of Pi hr-1 · g-1; P < 0.001) whereas 86Rb uptake increased by 23 percent when compared to initial values. These data suggest that among the different mechanisms which have been advanced to explain the defects in the Na+ pump observed in uremic patients, circulating inhibitors deriving from alimentary protein intake may affect cation transport

New Species in the Old World: Europe as a Frontier in Biodiversity Exploration, a Test Bed for 21st Century Taxonomy

The number of described species on the planet is about 1.9 million, with ca. 17,000 new species described annually, mostly from the tropics. However, taxonomy is usually described as a science in crisis, lacking manpower and funding, a politically acknowledged problem known as the Taxonomic Impediment. Using data from the Fauna Europaea database and the Zoological Record, we show that contrary to general belief, developed and heavily-studied parts of the world are important reservoirs of unknown species. In Europe, new species of multicellular terrestrial and freshwater animals are being discovered and named at an unprecedented rate: since the 1950s, more than 770 new species are on average described each year from Europe, which add to the 125,000 terrestrial and freshwater multicellular species already known in this region. There is no sign of having reached a plateau that would allow for the assessment of the magnitude of European biodiversity. More remarkably, over 60% of these new species are described by non-professional taxonomists. Amateurs are recognized as an essential part of the workforce in ecology and astronomy, but the magnitude of non-professional taxonomist contributions to alpha-taxonomy has not been fully realized until now. Our results stress the importance of developing a system that better supports and guides this formidable workforce, as we seek to overcome the Taxonomic Impediment and speed up the process of describing the planetary biodiversity before it is too late

The Romantic Socialist Origins of Humanitariamism

“Humanitarian” (humanitaire) came into use in French contemporaneously with the emergence of romantic socialism, and in the context of the rebuilding of post-revolutionary French society and its overseas empire beginning in the 1830s. This article excavates this early idea of humanitarianism, documenting an alternative genealogy for the term and its significance that has been overlooked by scholars of both socialism and humanitarianism. This humanitarianism identified a collective humanity as the source of its own salvation, rather than an external, well-meaning benefactor. Unlike liberal models of advocacy, which invoked individualized actors and recipients of their care, socialists privileged solidarity within their community and rejected the foundational logic of liberal individualism. In tracing this history, this article considers its importance for contemporary debates about humanitarianism’s imperial power dynamics

Transition numérique et pratiques de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur en agronomie, environnement, alimentation et sciences vétérinaires à l’horizon 2040.

Pour citer ce document:Barzman M. (Coord.), Gerphagnon M. (Coord.), Mora O. (Coord.),Aubin-Houzelstein G., Bénard A., Martin C., Baron G.L, Bouchet F., Dibie-Barthélémy J., Gibrat J.F., Hodson S., Lhoste E., Moulier-Boutang Y., Perrot S., Phung F., Pichot C., Siné M., Venin T. 2019. Transition numérique et pratiques de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur en agronomie, environnement, alimentation et sciences vétérinaires à l’horizon 2040.INRA, France, 161pagesTransition numérique et pratiques de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur en agronomie, environnement, alimentation et sciences vétérinaires à l’horizon 2040

The European union’s 2010 target: Putting rare species in focus

P. 167-185The European Union has adopted the ambitious target of halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Several indicators have been proposed to assess progress towards the 2010 target, two of them addressing directly the issue of species decline. In Europe, the Fauna Europaea database gives an insight into the patterns of distribution of a total dataset of 130,000 terrestrial and freshwater species without taxonomic bias, and provide a unique opportunity to assess the feasibility of the 2010 target. It shows that the vast majority of European species are rare, in the sense that they have a restricted range. Considering this, the paper discusses whether the 2010 target indicators really cover the species most at risk of extinction. The analysis of a list of 62 globally extinct European taxa shows that most contemporary extinctions have affected narrow-range taxa or taxa with strict ecological requirements. Indeed, most European species listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List are narrow-range species. Conversely, there are as many wide-range species as narrow-range endemics in the list of protected species in Europe (Bird and Habitat Directives). The subset of biodiversity captured by the 2010 target indicators should be representative of the whole biodiversity in terms of patterns of distribution and abundance. Indicators should not overlook a core characteristic of biodiversity, i.e. the large number of narrow-range species and their intrinsic vulnerability. With ill-selected indicator species, the extinction of narrowrange endemics would go unnoticedS