Persistência e Evasão na Educação a Distância: Examinando Fatores Explicativos

The main goal of this research is to propose and test a theoretical model to investigate factors that influence students’ persistence and dropout in undergraduate distance courses. This is a quantitative study whose population is formed by students residing in any region of Brazil, who started a management distance course or even accountancy distance course. In order to measure the variables present in the model, we used scales identified in the literature and, through logistic regression, we investigate the student’s (persistent/dropout) situation. The results show that the model fits the data, which displays that the better evaluated the variables support learning, self-discipline and increase in income, the better is the increase in the students' chances of remaining in the course. On the other hand, it has been found that an increase in the number of children and in the type of course chosen facilitate dropout.O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor e testar um modelo teórico para investigar fatores que influenciam a persistência e evasão de alunos em cursos de graduação a distância. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa cuja população é formada por alunos, residentes em qualquer região do Brasil, que iniciaram um curso de graduação a distância em administração ou em ciências contábeis. Para a mensuração das variáveis presentes no modelo teórico proposto, foram utilizadas escalas identificadas na literatura. Por meio de regressão logística, buscou-se investigar a relação entre os principais preditores da variável ‘situação do aluno (persistente/evadido)’. Os resultados revelam que o modelo se ajusta aos dados, apontando evidências de que quanto mais bem avaliados forem as variáveis suporte à aprendizagem, autodisciplina e aumento na renda, maiores as chances dos alunos em permanecer no curso (não evadir). Por outro lado, verificou-se que um aumento no número de filhos e no tipo de curso escolhido facilitam a evasão

Open innovation in brazilian companies: an analysis of scientific papers from 2003 to 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é traçar um perfil da pesquisa científica em Inovação Aberta (IA) no Brasil no período de 2003 a 2016 em periódicos nacionais da área de administração. Almeja-se evidenciar lacunas existentes e oportunidades de contribuição para o avanço do tema. Foram identificados 32 estudos que revelam que o tema ainda não está consolidado nas agendas dos pesquisadores brasileiros. Os resultados destacam que: (i) os estudos empíricos são a maioria, com 24 artigos, dentre os quais 19 pesquisas têm natureza qualitativa, (ii) as únicas duas categorias temáticas identificadas são (1) Benefícios e vantagens da inovação aberta, com 13 estudos que ponderam sobre a relevância de se adotar o modelo de inovação aberta tanto na visão da organização quanto sob a ótica de clientes e da rede; e (2) Nível de adoção da inovação aberta, com 19 pesquisas relativas à efetiva adoção ou não do modelo de inovação aberta, no qual foram focalizadas organizações públicas e privadas que situam-se em diferentes indústrias e setores da economia. The objective of this article is to draw a profile of the research in Open Innovation (OI) in Brazil from 2003 to 2016 in Brazilian journals of the management area. This paper aims to highlight existing gaps and opportunities to contribute to the advancement of the theme. We have identified 32 studies that reveal that the theme is not yet consolidated in Brazilian researchers' agendas. The results highlight that: (i) the empirical studies are the majority, with 24 articles, among which 19 research have a qualitative nature, (ii) the only two thematic categories identified are (1) benefits and advantages of open innovation, with 13 studies Which consider the relevance of adopting the open innovation model in the view of the organization as well as the perspective of clients and the network; and (2) level of adoption of the open innovation, with 19 researches regarding the effective adoption or not of the open innovation ​​model, in which were focused public and private organizations that are located in different industries and sectors of the economy

Inovação Aberta nas Empresas Brasileiras: Uma Análise da Produção Acadêmica no Período de 2003 a 2016

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é traçar um perfil da pesquisa científica em Inovação Aberta (IA) no Brasil no período de 2003 a 2016 em periódicos nacionais da área de administração. Almeja-se evidenciar lacunas existentes e oportunidades de contribuição para o avanço do tema. Foram identificados 32 estudos que revelam que o tema ainda não está consolidado nas agendas dos pesquisadores brasileiros. Os resultados destacam que: (i) os estudos empíricos são a maioria, com 24 artigos, dentre os quais 19 pesquisas têm natureza qualitativa, (ii) as únicas duas categorias temáticas identificadas são (1) Benefícios e vantagens da inovação aberta, com 13 estudos que ponderam sobre a relevância de se adotar o modelo de inovação aberta tanto na visão da organização quanto sob a ótica de clientes e da rede; e (2) Nível de adoção da inovação aberta, com 19 pesquisas relativas à efetiva adoção ou não do modelo de inovação aberta, no qual foram focalizadas organizações públicas e privadas que situam-se em diferentes indústrias e setores da economia.</p><p> </p

Sentido do Trabalho para Estrategistas

O presente artigo visa compreender o sentido do trabalho para profissionais que participam diretamente do processo de tomada de decisão estratégica em organizações com sede no Brasil, comparando o discurso entre sujeitos provenientes de organizações públicas e privadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e do tipo descritiva. Para tanto, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas em profundidade e os dados foram analisados segundo a Análise de Conteúdo. Ao final do estudo, verificou-se que além da necessidade de renda para manutenção familiar, da satisfação pessoal, da necessidade do trabalho ser desafiador e motivador, e de ter um objetivo bem definido, que a atividade laboral deve balancear as demandas entre família, trabalho e o próprio indivíduo. Além disso, quando comparado o conteúdo que emergiu das entrevistas realizadas com os dois grupos, constata-se que os estrategistas públicos não acumulam funções, além daquelas já determinadas na descrição de seu cargo, e estão satisfeitos com o seu salário, indo na contramão do que foi observado com os trabalhadores de empresas privadas

Inovação Aberta no Brasil: uma Meta-Análise (2003-2015)

A Inovação Aberta (IA) é um conceito rico que pode ser discutido sob diversos olhares e tem se mostrado valioso para a gestão de negócios. O presente artigo objetiva traçar um perfil da pesquisa científica em IA no Brasil, no período de 2003 a 2015. Com isso, almeja-se evidenciar lacunas existentes e oportunidades de contribuição para o avanço nas discussões. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo, e bibliométrico, no qual se empreendeu a análise de conteúdo de artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais da área de administração. Ao final, foram identificados somente 20 estudos publicados nos últimos 13 anos, tal fato revela que o tema ainda não está consolidado nas agendas dos pesquisadores brasileiros. Os resultados destacam que: (i) os estudos empíricos são a maioria, com 16 artigos, dentre os quais 13 pesquisas têm natureza qualitativa, (ii) as únicas duas categorias temáticas identificadas são (1) Benefícios e vantagens da IA, com 7 estudos que versam sobre as vantagens e benefícios de se adotar o modelo de IA, tanto na visão da organização, quanto sob a ótica de clientes; e (2) Nível de adoção da IA, com 13 pesquisas relativas à efetiva adoção ou não do modelo de IA, no qual foram focalizadas organizações públicas e privadas que situam-se em diferentes indústrias e setores da economia

Direito privado e contemporaneidade: desafios e perspectivas do direito privado no século XXI: volume II

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 347 D598p- Felipe Peixoto Braga Netto e Michael César Silva são os organizadores da obra

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care