Sleep Symptoms and Polysomnographic Patterns of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Children

How to Cite This Article: Tavasoli A, Jalilolghadr Sh, Lotfi Sh. Sleep symptoms and polysomnographic patterns of obstructive sleep apnea in obese children. Iran J Child Neurol. Winter 2016; 10 (1):14-20.AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the sleep symptoms and polysomnographic patterns of obstructive sleep apnea in overweight and obese children.Materials & MethodsOverweight or obese children aging 6-18 yr old referred during 2010 to Endocrinology Clinic of Ghods Hospital in Ghazvin, central Iran were enrolled in the study. Polysomnography was done for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and the BEARS and Children’s Sleep Habits questionnaires were used to survey sleep behaviors.ResultsWe enrolled 30 children (14 males, 16 females). Twenty-one cases had body mass index (BMI) >95% and 9 had 85% <BMI<95%. Respiratory disturbance in polysomnography was seen in 90% of cases. Symptoms included snoring 18 (60%); frequent awakening 17 (56.6%); nocturnal sweating 15 (50%); daytime sleepiness 12 (40%); sleep talking 10 (33.3%); bedtime resistance 9 (30%); nightmares 8 (26.6%); waking up problems 6 (20%); sleep walking 6 (20%); difficult breathing 4 (13.3%); bedwetting 3 (10%) and sleep onset delay 2 (6.06%). Severe, moderate and mild apnea – hypopnea Index (AHI) were seen in 12, 9 and 6 subjects, respectively. A significant Pearson correlation was found between the BMI values and sleep latency.ConclusionPrevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is high among overweight and obese children. Physicians should be familiar with its manifestations and consider polysomnography as an invaluable diagnostic test. There was no relation between the degree of obesity and severity of obstructive sleep apnea

Comparison of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor Types for the Degradation of an Organic Molecule by TiO₂-Coated PES Membrane

Photocatalytic membrane reactors with different configurations (design, flow modes and light sources) have been widely applied for pollutant removal. A thorough understanding of the contribution of reactor design to performance is required to be able to compare photocatalytic materials. Reactors with different flow designs are implemented for process efficiency comparisons. Several figures-of-merit, namely adapted space-time yield (STY) and photocatalytic space-time yield (PSTY), specific energy consumption (SEC) and degradation rate constants, were used to assess the performance of batch, flow-along and flow-through reactors. A fair comparison of reactor performance, considering throughput together with energy efficiency and photocatalytic activity, was only possible with the modified PSTY. When comparing the three reactors at the example of methylene blue (MB) degradation under LED irradiation, flow-through proved to be the most efficient design. PSTY1/PSTY2 values were approximately 10 times higher than both the batch and flow-along processes. The highest activity of such a reactor is attributed to its unique flow design which allowed the reaction to take place not only on the outer surface of the membrane but also within its pores. The enhancement of the mass transfer when flowing in a narrow space (220 nm in flow-through) contributes to an additional MB removal. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

A Genetic Algorithm Based Optimal Pricing Strategy in Electricity Market

International audienc

A slacks-based measure approach for efficiency decomposition in multi-period two-stage systems

Two-stage production systems are often encountered in many real applications where the production process is divided into two processes. In contrast to the conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, two-stage DEA models take the operations of the internal processes into account. A number of studies have used two-stage DEA models in order to evaluate the performance of decision making units (DMUs) having a network structure. In this paper, we use a non-radial DEA model called the network slacks-based measure (NSBM) model to measure the efficiency of a system with a multi-period two-stage structure. Then we describe the properties of the proposed model in details. Moreover, we shall decompose the overall efficiency of the system over a number of time periods as a weighted average of the efficiency in each period. The efficiency of the stages, in respect to the entire periods shall be decomposed in terms of the weighted average efficiency of the stages in each period. Finally, the real data of Mellat bank branches in Tehran extracted from extant literature is used to illustrate the proposed approach

Efficiency Decomposition in Two-Stage Network in Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Intermediate Measures and Fuzzy Input and Output

This paper presents a model for the efficiency evaluation of decision-making units comprising a network structure with undesirable intermediate measures. This model is then generalised to evaluate the efficiency of network decision-making units with triangular fuzzy data and undesirable intermediate measures. In this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with fuzzy network structures and undesirable intermediate measures are considered and solved as linear triangular fuzzy planning problems. With numerical results, the application of the proposed model in the chipboard industry of wood lumber has been shown

Mass Casualty Management in Disaster Scene: A Systematic Review of OR&MS research in Humanitarian Operations

[EN] Disasters are usually managed through a four-phase cycle including mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. The first two phases happen before a disaster and the last two after it. This survey focuses on casualty management (CM), which is one of the actions taken in the response phase of a disaster. Right after a severe disaster strikes, we may be confronted with a large number of casualties in a very short period of time. These casualties are in need of urgent treatment and their survival depends on a rapid response. Therefore, managing resources in the first few hours after a disaster is critical and efficient CM can significantly increase the survival rate of casualties. Uncertainty in the location of a disaster, disruption to transportation networks, scarcity of resources and possible deaths of rescue and medical teams due to the disaster in such situations make it hard to manage casualties. In this survey, we focus on CM for disasters where the following five steps are taken, respectively: (i) Resource dispatching/search and rescue, (ii) on-site triage, (iii) on-site medical assistance, (iv) transportation to hospitals and (v) triage and comprehensive treatment. With a special focus on Operations Research (OR) techniques, we categorize the existing research papers and case studies in each of these steps. Then, by critically observing and investigating gaps, trends and the practicality of the extant research studies, we suggest future directions for academics and practitioners.Ruben Ruiz is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, under the project "OPTEP-Port Terminal Operations Optimization"(No. RTI2018-094940-B-I00) financed with FEDER funds.Farahani, RZ.; Lotfi, MM.; Baghaian, A.; Ruiz García, R.; Rezapour, S. (2020). 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