Equilibrium solubility study to determine fexofenadine hydrochloride BCS class and challenges in establishing conditions for dissolution profiles applied to suspension

The aim of this work was to perform solubility studies for fexofenadine hydrochloride and establish dissolution conditions for this drug in oral suspension dosage form. The solubility study was executed through the shake-flask method, below 37 ºC±1 ºC, at 100 rpm stirring for 12 h in three buffer solutions: hydrochloric acid pH 2.0, acetate pH 4.5 and phosphate pH 6.8. The dissolution test was developed in vessels containing 900 mL of the same buffer, employing the paddle apparatus in speed of 25 and 50 rpm, below 37 ºC±0.5 ºC. The drug was classified as low solubility according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, since the dose/solubility ratio was higher than 250 mL in all media tested (326.55 mL in buffer pH 2.0; 2,456.33 mL in buffer pH 4.5 and 1,021.16 mL in buffer pH 6.8). The dissolution test showed that a release of 85% in 30 min could be established. The rotation speed of 25 rpm, media volume of 900 mL and insertion of the samples through weighted syringes are adequate. The buffered media pH 2.0 could be chosen as dissolution media

Atributos físicos e microbiológicos do solo cultivado com feijoeiro em dois sistemas de manejo

Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage.454641649CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoSem informaçãoOs sistemas de manejo agrícola do solo podem alterar sua qualidade física e biológica, interferindo no desenvolvimento das culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos e microbiológicos de um Latossolo Vermelho e sua relação com parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) irrigado cultivado em dois sistemas de manejo (preparo convencional e semeadura direta), em Campinas-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas para sistema de manejo e profundidade do solo, analisados nas safras de 2006/07 e 2007/08, com 4 repetições. Os atributos físicos e microbiológicos do solo foram avaliados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Para a cultura foram determinados: estande, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos, massa da parte aérea total e o índice de colheita. A semeadura direta resultou em menor qualidade física do solo na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m em relação ao preparo convencional, ocorrendo o inverso na profundidade de 0,05-0,10 m. O solo em que foi feita a semeadura direta apresentou melhor qualidade biológica, indicada, principalmente, pelo nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente metabólico. Os parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro foram superiores no sistema semeadura direta em relação ao convencional

Soil physical and microbiological attributes cultivated with the common bean under two management systems

Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage.Os sistemas de manejo agrícola do solo podem alterar sua qualidade física e biológica, interferindo no desenvolvimento das culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos e microbiológicos de um Latossolo Vermelho e sua relação com parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) irrigado cultivado em dois sistemas de manejo (preparo convencional e semeadura direta), em Campinas-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas para sistema de manejo e profundidade do solo, analisados nas safras de 2006/07 e 2007/08, com 4 repetições. Os atributos físicos e microbiológicos do solo foram avaliados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Para a cultura foram determinados: estande, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos, massa da parte aérea total e o índice de colheita. A semeadura direta resultou em menor qualidade física do solo na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m em relação ao preparo convencional, ocorrendo o inverso na profundidade de 0,05-0,10 m. O solo em que foi feita a semeadura direta apresentou melhor qualidade biológica, indicada, principalmente, pelo nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente metabólico. Os parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro foram superiores no sistema semeadura direta em relação ao convencional

Dissolution test for oral suspension: an overview about use and importance

This work aims to ascertain the comprehensiveness of dissolution tests for oral suspensions registered in Brazil and the USA. After consulting literature since 1994, a paucity of information about dissolution methods for suspensions was detected. It makes it difficult to establish the most appropriate test parameters. In January, 2019, there were 46 drugs registered in Anvisa (Brazil) as oral suspension, being 47 reference, 173 generic and 114 interchangeable similar (IS) medicines; while in the USA, 90 drugs were registered as oral suspension by FDA, 235 Abreviatted New Drug Application and 111 New Drug Application medicines. Out of 46 and 90, only six and 15 drugs as oral suspension had a pharmacopeial dissolution test, corresponding to 70 (20.9%) and 82 (23.7%) products in Brazil and the USA, respectively. Dissolution studies were found for 17 drugs as oral suspension in the non-compendial literature. Dissolution test conditions were established to few marketable oral suspension drugs, most of which are BCS class II or IV. Thus, investing in dissolution studies could subsidize the registration of these products by regulators, especially for generic and IS drugs, by comparing dissolution profiles, and predicting their in vivo behavior to avoid exposure of healthy individuals to clinical research

Soil physical and microbiological attributes cultivated with the common bean under two management systems

Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage

Antifungal activity of extracts and phenolic compounds from Deguelia duckeana

Candida spp. is associated with almost 80% of all nosocomial fungal infections and is considered a major cause of blood stream infections. In humans, Cryptococcosis is a disease of the lungs caused by the fungi Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans. It can be potentially fatal, especially in immune-compromised patients. In a search for antifungal drugs, Deguelia duckeana extracts were assayed against these two fungi and also against Candida albicans, which causes candidiasis. Hexane branches and CH2Cl2 root extracts as well as the substances 4-hydroxylonchocarpine, 3,5,4′-trimethoxy-4-prenylstilbene and 3′,4′-methylenedioxy-7-methoxyflavone were assayed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration. Phytochemical study of CH2Cl2 root and hexane branch extracts from D. duckeana A.M.G. Azevedo, Fabaceae, resulted in the isolation and characterization of nine phenolic compounds: 4-hydroxyderricine, 4-hydroxylonchocarpine, 3′,4′,7-trimethoxy-flavonol, 5,4′-dihydroxy-isolonchocarpine, 4-hydroxyderricidine, derricidine, 3,5,4′-trimethoxy-stilbene, 3′,4′,7-trimethoxyflavone and yangambin. The only active extract was a CH2Cl2 root showing minimal inhibitory concentration 800 μg/ml against C. gattii, and the investigation of compounds obtained from this extract showed that 4-hydroxylonchocarpine was active against all three fungi (C. neoformans, C. gattii and C. albicans). These results suggest that D. duckeana extracts have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of pathogenic fungi. © 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosi

Trabalhando a educação popular em saúde com a dança

OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência do uso da dança como meio de se trabalhar Educação Popular em Saúde. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As aulas de dança iniciaram em março de 2014, acontecem em espaços comunitários do bairro, duas vezes por semana, duração de 2 horas e média de participantes de 60 pessoas. Os professores de dança foram cedidos pela Fundação Cultural Monsenhor Chaves. O recrutamento dos idosos foi feito pelos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família e NÁSF. Aproveita-se o momento de antes das aulas para se trabalhar questões pertinentes ao processo Saúde-doença na pedagogia da Educação Popular em Saúde. RESULTADOS: Percepção da necessidade de mudanças de hábitos, da importância da atividade física, de alimentação saudável. Mudanças como uso de garrafinhas de água no momento da dança, roupas e calçados adequados. O grupo de participantes deixou de ser de idosos e une diversos ciclos da vida, como: adolescentes e adultos jovens