LATEX: Audiovisual Presentations Editor in Culture Classes Complementary to Courses of Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE)

Este artículo describe los fundamentos del sistema LATEX-beamer e introduce el protocolo de trabajo para el diseño de presentaciones audiovisuales basadas en un archivo sistemático de recursos audiovisuales para un curso de Cultura Argentina destinado a mejorar la competencia pragmática de los estudiantes internacionales de la Universidad Nacional del Sur. Se identifican algunas de las ventajas que el sistema ofrece: archivos más pequeños, portabilidad completa a distintas plataformas o sistemas operativos, reciclamiento veloz de diapositivas y enlaces efectivos a archivos de audio y video externos, así como a sitios de Internet.This article describes the basics of the LATEX-beamer system and introduces the work protocol devised for the design of audiovisual presentations based on a systematic archive of audiovisual resources and destined to the Course on Argentine Culture, with a focus on improving the pragmatic competences of the international Students at Universidad Nacional del Sur. It identifies some of the advantages the system offers: smaller files, full portability to different platforms or operating systems, fast recycling of slides, and effective links to external audio and video files, as well as, to Internet websites

Emprego do Instagram como ferramenta para a divulgação científica: o papel das bruxas na história da química

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una herramienta de divulgación científica, a través de la exploración del universo de las brujas y su relación con la Ciencia. El estudio se desarrolló con la participación voluntaria de 87 espectadores, abarcando personas con conocimientos variados, desde la educación básica hasta la superior. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un formulario de google a través de un enfoque cualitativo para verificar las relaciones y las interpretaciones de los participantes sobre la Historia de la Química (HQ) y las brujas en la baja edad media. La actividad resultó ser un excelente material para la inserción de discusiones entre el cómic práctico y las concepciones creadas, principalmente por los medios y la literatura, en el universo místico que envuelve la definición de las brujas. Los resultados observados mostraron que la concepción del papel de las brujas en la historia es errónea y fuera de contexto, muchas veces ligada al misticismo y sin su verdadera conexión con el descubrimiento de las medicinas naturales. Luego de la aplicación de la actividad se verificó que la metodología desarrollada fue eficiente para lograr el objetivo propuesto y ayudar a desmitificar la predominantemente mala imagen de las brujas y describir su importancia en el mantenimiento del conocimiento científico a través de generaciones en la época medieval.This work aims to present a tool for scientific dissemination, by exploring the universe of witches and their relationship with Science. The study was developed with the voluntary participation of 87 spectators, covering people with varied knowledge, from elementary to higher education. The data collection took place through a google form through a qualitative approach to verify the relationships and the participants' interpretations about History of Chemistry (HQ) and witches in the low middle ages. The activity proved to be an excellent material for the insertion of discussions between the practical comic and the conceptions created, mainly by the media and literature, in the mystical universe involving the definition of witches. The observed results showed that the conception of the role of witches in history is erroneous and out of context, often linked to mysticism and without its true connection with the discovery of natural medicines. After the application of the activity, it was verified that the methodology developed was efficient in achieving the proposed objective and helping to demystify the predominantly bad image of witches and describe their importance in maintaining scientific knowledge through generations in the medieval period.Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma ferramenta para a divulgação científica, ao explorar o universo das bruxas e as suas relações com a Ciência. O estudo foi desenvolvido com a participação voluntária de 87 espectadores, abrangendo pessoas com conhecimentos variados, do ensino fundamental ao superior. O levantamento dos dados ocorreu por meio de formulário do google através de uma abordagem qualitativa para verificar as relações e as interpretações dos participantes sobre História da Química (HQ) e as bruxas na baixa idade média. A atividade demonstrou ser um excelente material para a inserção de discussões entre a HQ prática e as concepções criadas, principalmente pelos meios de comunicação e a literatura, no universo místico envolvendo a definição de bruxas. Os resultados observados demonstraram que a concepção do papel das bruxas na história está equivocada e fora de contexto, muitas vezes ligadas ao misticismo e sem a sua verdadeira ligação com a descoberta de medicamentos naturais. Após a aplicação da atividade, certificou-se que a metodologia desenvolvida foi eficiente em atingir ao objetivo proposto e ajudar a desmistificar a imagem predominantemente má das bruxas e descrever a sua importância na manutenção do conhecimento científico através de gerações no período medieval

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Resumen tomado de la publicaciónSe describen los fundamentos del sistema LATEX-beamer e introduce el protocolo de trabajo para el diseño de presentaciones audiovisuales basadas en un archivo sistemático de recursos audiovisuales para un curso de Cultura Argentina destinado a mejorar la competencia pragmática de los estudiantes internacionales de la Universidad Nacional del Sur. Se identifican algunas de las ventajas que el sistema ofrece: archivos más pequeños, portabilidad completa a distintas plataformas o sistemas operativos, reciclamiento veloz de diapositivas y enlaces efectivos a archivos de audio y video externos, así como a sitios de Internet.ES

SPARC endogenous level, rather than fibroblast-produced SPARC or stroma reorganization induced by SPARC, is responsible for melanoma cell growth

SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a matricellular protein whose overexpression in malignant or tumor-stromal cells is often associated with increased aggressiveness and bad prognosis in a wide range of human cancer types, particularly melanoma. We established the impact that changes in the level of SPARC produced by malignant cells and neighboring stromal cells have on melanoma growth. Melanoma cell growth in monolayer was only slightly affected by changes in SPARC levels. However, melanoma growth in spheroids was strongly inhibited upon SPARC hyperexpression and conversely enhanced when SPARC expression was downregulated. Interestingly, SPARC overexpression in neighboring fibroblasts had no effect on spheroid growth irrespective of SPARC levels expressed by the melanoma cells, themselves. Downregulation of SPARC expression in melanoma cells induced their rejection in vivo through a mechanism mediated exclusively by host polymorphonuclear cells. On the other hand, SPARC hyperexpression enhanced vascular density, collagen deposition, and fibroblast recruitment in the surrounding stroma without affecting melanoma growth. In agreement with the in vitro data, overexpression of SPARC in co-injected fibroblasts did not affect melanoma growth in vivo. All the data indicate that melanoma growth is not subject to regulation by exogenous SPARC, nor by stromal organization, but only by SPARC levels produced by the malignant cells themselves.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Crispr/Cas9 editing reveals novel mechanisms of clustered microRNA regulation and function

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. MiRNA families and clusters are two key features in miRNA biology. Here we explore the use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a powerful tool to delineate the function and regulation of miRNA families and clusters. We focused on four miRNA clusters composed of miRNA members of the same family, homoclusters or different families, hetero-clusters. Our results highlight different regulatory mechanisms in miRNA cluster expression. In the case of the miR-497~195 cluster, editing of miR-195 led to a significant decrease in the expression of the other miRNA in the cluster, miR-497a. Although no gene editing was detected in the miR-497a genomic locus, computational simulation revealed alteration in the three dimensional structure of the pri miR-497~195 that may affect its processing. In cluster miR- 143~145 our results imply a feed-forward regulation, although structural changes cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, in the miR-17~92 and miR-106~25 clusters no interdependency in miRNA expression was observed. Our findings suggest that CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful gene editing tool that can uncover novel mechanisms of clustered miRNA regulation and function

Oseointegración en implantes Bicon® cargados a los tres meses después de haber sido colocados mediante la técnica de elevación interna del seno maxilar en pacientes atendidos en la facultad de odontología de la universidad de Cartagena

Objective: The general objective of this investigation was to evaluate the oseointegration of Bicon® dental implants that have been charge after three month of put it with internal sinus lift in maxillary sinus Material and Methods: This investigation has been stablished as a descriptive study, support in clinic cases. In order to recollect the information, a format was used to register the personal date of the patient that could be important to achieve this study. Panoramic radiograph were also taken before and after the procedure to evaluate the raise in the height of the maxillary sinus; periapical radiograph were also taken to evaluate the osseointegration of the implant. The information was decodificated and tabulate in frequency tables and graphics. Results: Three months after the procedures it was found that during the first control the height maxillary sinus floor increased to 2.5mm in average. During the evaluate of mobility and pain the behavian was favorable with abscense of this characteristics in the all patients. The study of the periapical radiographs demonstrated abscense of radiolucences zones around the implant and spongy bone travecules were observe in the different stages of formation. Conclusions: We could determinate that three months after to place the Bicon® dental implant, it got enought oseointegration due internal sinus lift tecnique, and the good grade of bone formation gave us the security to charge them in a short time of usual.Objetivo: El objetivo general de este estudio fue evaluar la oseointegración en implantes tipo Bicon® cargados a los tres meses de colocados, mediante la técnica de elevación interna de seno maxilar. Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio se establece como una investigación de tipo descriptivo, basado en una serie de casos clínicos tratados. En la recolección de la información se utilizó un instrumento en donde se registraron los datos personales de los pacientes, se realizó la toma de radiografías panorámicas iniciales y radiografías periapicales utilizadas para observar la neoformación ósea y medir el aumento del piso del seno maxilar. La información fue consignada y tabulada en tablas y gráficos de frecuencia. Resultados: De los implantes colocados ninguno presentó movilidad ni patologías perimplantares, el piso del seno maxilar se aumentó en promedio 2.6 mm y se presentó neoformación ósea adecuada a los tres meses, lo que permitió la carga de los implantes. Conclusiones: Se determinó que a los tres meses se logra una suficiente oseointegración con los implantes, que en conjunto con la elevación interna del piso del seno maxilar y el grado de neoformación ósea alcanzado dieron a los implantes las condiciones necesarias para poder cargar los mismos. Además, la ausencia total de lesiones perimplantarias señalan el cumplimiento estricto de las normas tecnoquirurgicas, evaluación e instrucción a los pacientes que se han estado manejando dentro del proceso de la colocación de los implante

SPARC endogenous level, rather than fibroblast-produced SPARC or stroma reorganization induced by SPARC, is responsible for melanoma cell growth

SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a matricellular protein whose overexpression in malignant or tumor-stromal cells is often associated with increased aggressiveness and bad prognosis in a wide range of human cancer types, particularly melanoma. We established the impact that changes in the level of SPARC produced by malignant cells and neighboring stromal cells have on melanoma growth. Melanoma cell growth in monolayer was only slightly affected by changes in SPARC levels. However, melanoma growth in spheroids was strongly inhibited upon SPARC hyperexpression and conversely enhanced when SPARC expression was downregulated. Interestingly, SPARC overexpression in neighboring fibroblasts had no effect on spheroid growth irrespective of SPARC levels expressed by the melanoma cells, themselves. Downregulation of SPARC expression in melanoma cells induced their rejection in vivo through a mechanism mediated exclusively by host polymorphonuclear cells. On the other hand, SPARC hyperexpression enhanced vascular density, collagen deposition, and fibroblast recruitment in the surrounding stroma without affecting melanoma growth. In agreement with the in vitro data, overexpression of SPARC in co-injected fibroblasts did not affect melanoma growth in vivo. All the data indicate that melanoma growth is not subject to regulation by exogenous SPARC, nor by stromal organization, but only by SPARC levels produced by the malignant cells themselves.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

SPARC promotes cathepsin B-mediated melanoma invasiveness through a collagen i/α2Β1 integrin axis

In melanoma, the extracellular protein SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is related to tumor progression. Some of the evidence that links SPARC to melanoma progression indicates that SPARC may be involved in the acquisition of mesenchymal traits that favor metastatic dissemination. However, no molecular pathways that link extracellular SPARC to a mesenchymal phenotype have been described. In this study, global protein expression analysis of the melanoma secretome following enforced downregulation of SPARC expression led us to elucidate a new molecular mechanism by which SPARC promotes cathepsin B-mediated melanoma invasiveness using collagen I and α2β1 integrins as mediators. Interestingly, we also found that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 contribution to cathepsin B-mediated invasion is highly SPARC dependent. In addition, induction of the E-cadherin to N-cadherin switch by SPARC enabled melanoma cells to transmigrate across an endothelial layer through a mechanism independent to that of enhancing invasion. Finally, SPARC also enhanced the extracellular expression of other proteins involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transformation, such as family with sequence similarity 3, member C/interleukin-like EMT-inducer. Our findings demonstrate a previously unreported molecular pathway for SPARC activity on invasion and support an active role of SPARC in the mesenchymal transformation that contributes to melanoma dissemination.Fil: Girotti, Maria Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Marisol. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; EspañaFil: López, Juan A.. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares; EspañaFil: Camafeita, Emilio. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares; EspañaFil: Fernandez, Elmer Andres. Area de Ciencias Agrarias, Ingeniería, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Albar, Juan P.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; EspañaFil: Benedetti, Lorena Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Valacco, Maria Pia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Brekken, Rolf A.. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Podhajcer, Osvaldo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Llera, Andrea Sabina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Patient-specific cancer genes contribute to recurrently perturbed pathways and establish therapeutic vulnerabilities in esophageal adenocarcinoma.

The identification of cancer-promoting genetic alterations is challenging particularly in highly unstable and heterogeneous cancers, such as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Here we describe a machine learning algorithm to identify cancer genes in individual patients considering all types of damaging alterations simultaneously. Analysing 261 EACs from the OCCAMS Consortium, we discover helper genes that, alongside well-known drivers, promote cancer. We confirm the robustness of our approach in 107 additional EACs. Unlike recurrent alterations of known drivers, these cancer helper genes are rare or patient-specific. However, they converge towards perturbations of well-known cancer processes. Recurrence of the same process perturbations, rather than individual genes, divides EACs into six clusters differing in their molecular and clinical features. Experimentally mimicking the alterations of predicted helper genes in cancer and pre-cancer cells validates their contribution to disease progression, while reverting their alterations reveals EAC acquired dependencies that can be exploited in therapy