Causas de Abandono Escolar Según Padres de Familia del Nivel Superior

La deserción escolar está condicionada por causas que influyen para que el alumno deserte, por ello se identificaron las Causas del abandono escolar según padres de familia de los alumnos del centro UAEM Temascaltepec , se elaboró un cuestionario de 10 preguntas de opción múltiple y se aplicó a 30 padres de los alumnos que desertaron del sexto y cuarto semestre de contabilidad, se eligieron los 2 grupos que en ese año contaban con mayor porcentaje de deserción, el método que se utilizó fue no probabilístico de tipo propositivo. Los resultados muestran que el 60% de los padres opinaron que sus hijos desertaron debido a que no querían estudiar esa licenciatura, de acuerdo a Araiza (2009), citando a Tinto (1981), la influencia que tiene la familia en las expectativas educativas del joven, asi como la ocupación de los padres y el nivel educativo de éstos condicionan el compromiso del estudio.Palabras clave: Educación superior, deserción escolar, causas de abandono escolar, situación económica y familiar

LA DESERCIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: TRES PERCEPCIONES EN ESTUDIO, ALUMNOS, DOCENTES Y PADRES DE FAMILIA

RESUMEN La deserción escolar es una problemática que hoy en día afecta el nivel de vida tanto en los jóvenes que dejan de asistir a la escuela como en las instituciones que lo experimentan siendo de las mayores preocupaciones de las instituciones educativas, gobierno y sociedad (Araiza y Marín, 2009). Se objetivo fue identificar las causas de la deserción escolar en estudiantes de contaduría del Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transaccional no experimental. Se aplicó el cuestionario Causas de la Deserción Escolar a nivel licenciatura de López (2007) a 75 alumnos, 30 docentes y 30 padres de familia. Los resultados muestran que estos dos grupos tenían un 40% y 68%, de deserción, de 50 alumnos que entraron en el 2006 solo quedaban 16, y en el 2007 de 50 alumnos quedaban 30; por lo que se puede concluir que entre las causas de deserción escolar, los alumnos que eligieron la carrera por vocación muy difícil abandonan la escuela, situación familiar, situación económica, situación educativa, situaciones sociales y situaciones culturales. Palabras clave: causas de deserción escolar, deserción escolar, Educación superior, situación económica y situación familiar.  THE DESERTION IN STUDENTS OF SUPERIOR EDUCATION: THREE PERCEPTIONS IN STUDY, STUDENTS, TEACHERS AND PARENTSABSTRACT School desertion is a problem that affects the level of life both in young people who stop attending school and in institutions that experience it, being of the greatest concern of educational institutions, government and society (Araiza y Marín, 2009). The objective was to identify the causes of school dropout in accounting students of UAEM Temascaltepec University Center. A nonexperimental transactional descriptive study was carried out. The questionnaire Causes of School Drop-out at the undergraduate level of López (2007) was applied to 75 students, 30 teachers and 30 parents. The results show that these two groups had a 40% and 68% dropout rate, of 50 students who entered in 2006 there were only 16, and in 2007 50 students left 30; so we can conclude that among the causes of school dropout, students who chose the career by very difficult vocation leave school, family situation, economic situation, educational situation, social situations and cultural situations. Keywords: causes of school dropout, school dropout, higher education, and situation economic and situation family

A new class of glycomimetic drugs to prevent free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction

Background: Carbohydrates play a major role in cell signaling in many biological processes. We have developed a set of glycomimetic drugs that mimic the structure of carbohydrates and represent a novel source of therapeutics for endothelial dysfunction, a key initiating factor in cardiovascular complications. Purpose: Our objective was to determine the protective effects of small molecule glycomimetics against free fatty acid­induced endothelial dysfunction, focusing on nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress pathways. Methods: Four glycomimetics were synthesized by the stepwise transformation of 2,5­dihydroxybenzoic acid to a range of 2,5­substituted benzoic acid derivatives, incorporating the key sulfate groups to mimic the interactions of heparan sulfate. Endothelial function was assessed using acetylcholine­induced, endotheliumdependent relaxation in mouse thoracic aortic rings using wire myography. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior was evaluated in the presence or absence of the free fatty acid, palmitate, with or without glycomimetics (1µM). DAF­2 and H2DCF­DA assays were used to determine nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. Lipid peroxidation colorimetric and antioxidant enzyme activity assays were also carried out. RT­PCR and western blotting were utilized to measure Akt, eNOS, Nrf­2, NQO­1 and HO­1 expression. Results: Ex vivo endothelium­dependent relaxation was significantly improved by the glycomimetics under palmitate­induced oxidative stress. In vitro studies showed that the glycomimetics protected HUVECs against the palmitate­induced oxidative stress and enhanced NO production. We demonstrate that the protective effects of pre­incubation with glycomimetics occurred via upregulation of Akt/eNOS signaling, activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, and suppression of ROS­induced lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: We have developed a novel set of small molecule glycomimetics that protect against free fatty acidinduced endothelial dysfunction and thus, represent a new category of therapeutic drugs to target endothelial damage, the first line of defense against cardiovascular disease

Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination in Non-Infected Cardiometabolic Patients from the Americas during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Sub-Analysis of the CorCOVID-LATAM Study

Background: Influenza vaccination (IV) and Pneumococcus vaccination (PV) are recommended for patients with cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the immunization rate of ambulatory cardiometabolic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas. Methods: Electronic surveys were collected from 13 Spanish speaking countries between 15 June and 15 July 2020. Results: 4216 patients were analyzed. Mean age 60 (±15) years and 49% females. Global IV rate was 46.5% and PV 24.6%. Vaccinated patients were older (IV = 63 vs. 58 years; PV = 68 vs. 59, p < 0.01) but without gender difference. Vaccination rates were greater in higher-risk groups (65+, diabetics, heart failure), but not in coronary artery disease patients. In the Southern cone, the rate of IV and PV was approximately double that in the tropical regions of the Americas. In a multivariate model, geographic zone (IV = OR 2.02, PV = OR 2.42, p < 0.001), age (IV = OR 1.023, PV = OR 1.035, p < 0.001), and incomes (IV = OR 1.28, PV = OR 1.58, p < 0.001) were predictors for vaccination. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, ambulatory patients with cardiometabolic diseases from the Americas with no evidence of COVID-19 infection had lower-than-expected rates of IV and PV. Geographic, social, and cultural differences were found, and they should be explored in depth

Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination in Non-Infected Cardiometabolic Patients from the Americas during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Sub-Analysis of the CorCOVID-LATAM Study

Background: Influenza vaccination (IV) and Pneumococcus vaccination (PV) are recommended for patients with cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the immunization rate of ambulatory cardiometabolic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas. Methods: Electronic surveys were collected from 13 Spanish speaking countries between 15 June and 15 July 2020. Results: 4216 patients were analyzed. Mean age 60 (±15) years and 49% females. Global IV rate was 46.5% and PV 24.6%. Vaccinated patients were older (IV = 63 vs. 58 years; PV = 68 vs. 59, p p p p < 0.001) were predictors for vaccination. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, ambulatory patients with cardiometabolic diseases from the Americas with no evidence of COVID-19 infection had lower-than-expected rates of IV and PV. Geographic, social, and cultural differences were found, and they should be explored in depth