Influence of some oenological practices on the aromatic and sensorial characteristics of white Verdejo wines

Changes in the aromatic composition as well as sensory characteristics in Verdejo white wines were analysed based on two factors: the winemaking methodology and the storing time of wine in bottles. The volatile components were determined by GLC-MS, and the sensory profile was designed and assessed according to the ISO 11035 standard. The results showed that when wines were made in oak barrels, either completely or partially, which means the wines were in contact with the lees, the levels of 1-octanol, ethyl heptanoate and ethyl decanoate were significantly affected (P menor que 0.05); the softness sensation was also influenced (P menor que 0.05). However, the amount of time the wines were stored in bottles significantly affected (P menor que 0.05) the levels of 1-hexanol, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, hexyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and isoamyl lactate and also an odour note (tropical fruit). The compounds with higher OAV values belong to the groups of esters and fatty acids. For these reasons, the composition and the quality of the aroma of Verdejo white wines appear to be significantly affected both by use of oak barrels in winemaking and the time the wines are stored in bottles

Ultrasonic evaluation of different types of mortas subjected to attack by pig slurry

This paper presents the mechanical behavior of different types of mortar subjected to attack by real pig slurry. The study of the behaviour of mortars was made by the ultrasonic velocity images, obtained by means of automatic inspection and mechanical test of compressive strength. The use of ultrasonic velocity has allowed the extraction of information on the state of damage to the inspected material. The results obtained from non-destructive ultrasonic tests were compared to destructive testing of compressive strength, and they showed how ultrasonic velocity in the degraded material correlates well with the compressive strength. This conclusion allows us to affirm that the ultrasonic velocity can be used to characterize the process of degradation in cement mortars attacked by pig slurry. The study proposes a mathematic model for estimating compressive strength by measuring variations in ultrasonic velocity

Influencia de cinco técnicas enológicas en parámetros relacionados con la acidez y el color en vinos tintos de Mencía

Se ha estudiado la influencia de cinco técnicas (metodología de elaboración, tipo de recipiente de conservación y tiempo de conservación del vino en rama, temperatura de conservación y tiempo de conservación del vino embotellado) sobre parámetros fisico-químicos y descriptores sensoriales ligados a la acidez y al color en vinos tintos jóvenes de la variedad Mencía en la DO. Valdeorras (Ourense, Galicia). Los resultados muestran que los 19 parámetros estudiados son muy sensibles a las técnicas estudiadas. Tres de las cinco técnicas afectan (p<0,05) a los 19 parámetros y las otras dos (p<0,05) a diez de ellos. La maceración prefermentativa en frio y la conservación del vino en barrica aumentaron la acidez, pero la elaboración tradicional, la conservación del vino en depósito, la conservación del vino en botella durante tres meses y el empleo de una temperatura de conservación del vino embotellado baja y constante fueron más adecuadas para el color. Esto hace necesario establecer condiciones muy concretas para cada técnica según el parámetro considerado

Effect of five enological practices and of the general phenolic composition on fermentation-related aroma compounds in Mencia young red wines

The effects of five technological procedures and of the contents of total anthocyanins and condensed tan- nins on 19 fermentation-related aroma compounds of young red Mencia wines were studied. Multifactor ANOVA revealed that levels of those volatiles changed significantly over the length of storage in bottles and, to a lesser extent, due to other technological factors considered; total anthocyanins and condensed tannins also changed significantly as a result of the five practices assayed. Five aroma compounds pos- sessed an odour activity value >1 in all wines, and another four in some wines. Linear correlation among volatile compounds and general phenolic composition revealed that total anthocyanins were highly related to 14 different aroma compounds. Multifactor ANOVA, considering the content of total anthocy- anins as a sixth random factor, revealed that this parameter affected significantly the contents of ethyl lactate, ethyl isovalerate, 1-pentanol and ethyl octanoate. Thus, the aroma of young red Mencia wines may be affected by levels of total anthocyanin

Analysis of acoustic noise spectrum of domestic induction heating systems controlled by phase-accumulator modulators

In domestic induction heating (IH) applications, the modulation technique applied to the inverter has a high influence on the acoustic noise emissions. These noise emissions must be avoided since they may be audible and annoying to the final user. This paper analyzes the acoustic noise emissions that appear when a series half-bridge resonant inverter is operated with a phase-accumulator based modulator. This modulation technique has the advantage of operating in the frequency domain, and it is compared with the classical PWM modulator regarding the audible noise generated. The frequencies of the tones in the acoustic noise spectrum are theoretically calculated from the parameters of the phaseaccumulator based modulator. The SFM (Spectral Flatness Measure) is used to quantify the number of cases in which tones are generated by the modulation. Two techniques are applied to the phase-accumulator based modulator and their effect is tested. Theoretical results are experimentally verified

Strength and porosity evolution of two cement mortar submerged in pig slurry

Pig slurry is an agricultural by-product used chiefly to fertilize cultivated fields. The demand for fertilizer depends on crop cycles. So, the slurry must be stored over long periods of time. In Spain, the lagoons of different depths generally used for such storage are made of brick covered with plain or reinforced concrete. Also, the slurry is in contact with other precast concrete structural members. The degradation of these structures may entail substantial economic loss, in patterned flooring especially, where deterioration-induced collapse can cause severe injury to the animals. The paper presents two aspects related to the durability of the mortar cements. In it addresses the variations observed in porosity and flexural and compressive strength in two types of cement mortar when submerged in pig slurry. The tests were conducted in a 100 m3 experimental lagoon. The mortars were exposed to three types of environments for 36 months: one outside the test lagoon and two submerged in it, at two different depths. Bending and compression measurements were taken after 3, 12, 24 and 36 months. In addition, 3, 24 and 36 month specimens were tested for total porosity and pore-size distribution

Experimental evidence for super-resolution in the spherical geodesic waveguide

The previous publications (Miñano et al, 2011 and Gonzalez et al, 2012) have shown that using a Spherical Geodesic Waveguide (SGW) it can be achieved the super-resolution up to λ/3000, which is far below the classic Abbe diffraction limit, close to a set of discrete microwave frequencies. The SGW was designed and simulated in COMSOL as a thin geodesic waveguide bounded by an ideal and lossless metal. Herein we present the experimental results for a manufactured SGW, slightly modified due to fabrication requirements, showing the super-resolution up to λ/105

The results of different labour induction approaches: A Cross sectional study

Background and Purpose: To evaluate the use of prostaglandins and oxytocin in labour induction according to different indications. Perinatal outcomes, rate of vaginal delivery and complation of labour were studied and compared. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study from January 2012 to December 2012. 530 women who required labour induction were included. Seven groups were created according to the methods of induction. Women with twin pregnancies, induction of dead foetus, two previous caesarean sections or an incomplete clinical history were excluded. Results: The rate of vaginal deliveries in women that only received prostaglandins the first day was 84.6%; similar in women with prolonged pregnancies, 85.2%. The induction with oxytocin directly showed the highest rate of caesarean section. The rate of vaginal deliveries was 50% in women with previous caesarean section. Conclusions: A high rate of vaginal deliveries with a single dose of prostaglandin and within 24 hours of beginning induction. Administration of prostaglandins must be used when cervix is unfavorable and previous to oxytocin stymulation

EFECTO DE LA LEVADURA ENRIQUECIDA CON SELENIO Y SELENITO DE SODIO EN LA DIETA DE CERDOS EN FINALIZACIÓN SOBRE EL CONTENIDO DE GRASA INTRAMUSCULAR Y ACIDOS GRASOS

Se determinó el efecto de la adición de selenio (Se) orgánico (selenito de sodio) e inorgánico (levadura enriquecida con selenio) en el alimento sobre el contenido de grasa intramuscular y ácidos grasos músculos semimembranoso y longissimus dors en cerdos en finalización. Los animales (n=48) derivados de la cruza (Pic 337x (Camborough 22) fueron alimentados a base de maíz molido y pasta de soya. La dieta fue fortificada con Se en tres tratamientos, T0=0%, T1= 0.45ppm de levadura T2=0.45ppm selenito de sodio. Los animales fueron sacrificados a un peso de 110±5kg. Se determinó grasa bajo el método ISO-1443 modificado y los ácidos grasos por cromatografía de gases. Se realizó un ANOVA mediante arreglo factorial 3x2, las variables de estudio fueron, fuente de Se: 0, 0.45 ppm de Se orgánico y 0.45 de Se inorgánico, sexo: machos y hembras. Hubo efecto de tratamiento (P 0.05) para los ácidos grasos en el músculo longisimus dorsi, aumentando la concentración de C16, C18, C18:2; en el músculo semimembranosus no hubo diferencias con respecto a los tratamientos, para la variable sexo se demostró que los machos fueron los más pesados al sacrificio

Propuesta en Supply Chain Management y Logística en la empresa Lubrimax y Suministros

Se describen los diferentes procesos que se articularon en Lubrimax, desde la adquisición de su gama de producto y la entrega final al cliente. Se planifico cada fase en cuanto a la compra, almacenamiento, despacho, transporte y entrega de productos, a fin de identificar y caracterizar las fallas en los procesos, para implementar acciones de mejora en la cadena de suministros, lo que redundaría en minimizar costos, tiempo en movimiento y obviamente en los riesgos laborales de los operarios de las bodegas, en lo que respecta a gobierno y las políticas internas, el aprovisionamiento como proyección es vital, para que el personal que se le ha encargado esta importante tarea, realice un control de inventarios preciso, eficaz y fidedigno, en el entendido de identificar las entradas de los productos y su salida sea mayor, en una dinámica que evite el sobrestock. El contenido de este trabajo es para que Lubrimax o cualquier otra empresa, encuentre una herramienta útil en su labor diaria, realicen revisiones puntuales en sus procesos de logística, ya que, una falla en algún método puede afectar todo el proceso y esto lleva a incrementar los gastos, aumento en los costos y hasta incumplir con la entrega del producto al cliente en los tiempos acordados por lo que la empresa empieza a perder credibilidad en el mercado. También enseña a identificar las ventajas y desventajas para implementar las estrategias DRP y TMS las cuales son de gran importancia para cualquier organización porque permiten la mejor utilización de la tecnología y así puedan planificar, ejecutar y brindar un mejor servicio en el transporte de la mercancía e influir de manera positiva en la megatendencia.We describe the different processes that were articulated in Lubrimax, from the acquisition of its product range and the final delivery to the customer. Each phase is planned in terms of the purchase, storage, dispatch, transport and delivery of products, in order to identify and characterize the failures in the processes, to implement actions of improvement in the supply chain, which would minimize costs, time in motion and obviously in the occupational risks of the operators of the warehouses, as far as government and internal policy are concerned, the provisioning as projection is vital, so that the staff that has been entrusted with this important task, carry out an accurate, effective and reliable inventory control, in the sense of identifying product entries and their output is greater, in a dynamic that avoids overstock. The content of this work is for Lubrimax or any other company, find a useful tool in their daily work, make timely reviews in their logistics processes, since, a failure in some method can affect the entire process and this leads to increased expenses, increased costs and even default with the delivery of the product to the customer at the agreed times so the company begins to lose credibility in the market. It also teaches you to identify the advantages and disadvantages of implementing DRP and TMS strategies which are of great importance to any organization because they allow the best use of technology and so you can plan, execute and provide better service in the transport of goods and positively influence the megatrend