1,465 research outputs found
Breast Cancer Fatalism: The Role of Women\u27s Perceptions of the Health Care System
Cancer fatalism, which can be understood as the belief that cancer is a death sentence, has been found to be a deterrent to preventive cancer screening participation. This study examines factors associated with breast cancer fatalism among women. We analyzed data from a 2003 survey of women 40 years of age. The survey collected information about respondents\u27 knowledge and attitudes regarding breast health. Analyses compared the characteristics of women who reported and those who did not report a fatalistic attitude. Women with a fatalistic attitude were more likely to be African American, to have a family history of breast cancer, to rate their quality of care as fair or poor, to believe that not much could be done to prevent breast cancer, to believe that breast cancer could not be cured if found early, and to believe that treatment could be worse than the disease
Cutaneous Biology: In vivo blockade of pemphigus vulgaris acantholysis by inhibition of intracellular signal transduction cascades
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by
mucocutaneous intraepithelial blisters and pathogenic autoantibodies against
desmoglein 3. The mechanism of blister formation in pemphigus has not been
defined; however, in vitro data suggest a role for activation of intracellular
signalling cascades. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the contribution of these
signalling pathways to the mechanism of PV IgG-induced acantholysis in vivo.
METHODS: We used the passive transfer mouse model. Mice were injected with IgG
fractions of sera from a patient with PV, with or without pretreatment with
inhibitors of proteins that mediate intracellular signalling cascades. RESULTS:
Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C, calmodulin and the
serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C prevented PV IgG-induced acantholysis in
vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These observations strongly support the role of intracellular
signalling cascades in the molecular mechanism of PV IgG-induced acantholysi
Hamiltonian Theory of the Composite Fermion Wigner Crystal
Experimental results indicating the existence of the high magnetic field
Wigner Crystal have been available for a number of years. While variational
wavefunctions have demonstrated the instability of the Laughlin liquid to a
Wigner Crystal at sufficiently small filling, calculations of the excitation
gaps have been hampered by the strong correlations. Recently a new Hamiltonian
formulation of the fractional quantum Hall problem has been developed. In this
work we extend the Hamiltonian approach to include states of nonuniform
density, and use it to compute the excitation gaps of the Wigner Crystal
states. We find that the Wigner Crystal states near are
quantitatively well described as crystals of Composite Fermions with four
vortices attached. Predictions for gaps and the shear modulus of the crystal
are presented, and found to be in reasonable agreement with experiments.Comment: 41 page, 6 figures, 3 table
Dislocations and the critical endpoint of the melting line of vortex line lattices
We develop a theory for dislocation-mediated structural transitions in the
vortex lattice which allows for a unified description of phase transitions
between the three phases, the elastic vortex glass, the amorphous vortex glass,
and the vortex liquid, in terms of a free energy functional for the dislocation
density. The origin of a critical endpoint of the melting line at high magnetic
fields, which has been recently observed experimentally, is explained.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Suppression of the vortex glass transition due to correlated defects with a persistent direction perpendicular to an applied magnetic field
It is found on the basis of the lowest Landau level approach for the
Ginzburg-Landau model that, in bulk type II superconductors with strong line
disorder directed {\it perpendicularly} to an applied field, the continuous
vortex-glass transition is depressed to the low limit in the limit of weak
{\it point} disorder. An anomalous resistive broadening in twin-free YBCO with
columnar defects in a field parallel to the layers is discussed based on this
theoretical finding. Other phenomena which, we argue, arise indirectly from
this mechanism in type II superconductors including correlated defects are also
discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Fig.2 and text were modified. To appear in Phys.
Rev. B (Rapid Comunication
Effects of oxytocin administration and conditioned oxytocin on brain activity: An fMRI study
It has been demonstrated that secretion of several hormones can be classically conditioned, however, the underlying brain responses of such conditioning have never been investigated before. In this study we aimed to investigate how oxytocin administration and classically conditioned oxytocin influence brain responses. In total, 88 females were allocated to one of three groups: oxytocin administration, conditioned oxytocin, or placebo, and underwent an experiment consisting of three acquisition and three evocation days. Participants in the conditioned group received 24 IU of oxytocin together with a conditioned stimulus (CS) during t
On the Detection of a Scalar Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves
In the near future we will witness the coming to a full operational regime of
laser interferometers and resonant mass detectors of spherical shape. In this
work we study the sensitivity of pairs of such gravitational wave detectors to
a scalar stochastic background of gravitational waves. Our computations are
carried out both for minimal and non minimal coupling of the scalar fields.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figure
Low energy electron/recoil discrimination for directional Dark Matter detection
Directional detection is a promising Dark Matter search strategy. Even though
it could accommodate to a sizeable background contamination, electron/recoil
discrimination remains a key and challenging issue as for direction-insensitive
detectors. The measurement of the 3D track may be used to discriminate
electrons from nuclear recoils. While a high rejection power is expected above
20 keV ionization, a dedicated data analysis is needed at low energy. After
identifying discriminant observables, a multivariate analysis, namely a Boosted
Decision Tree, is proposed, enabling an efficient event tagging for Dark Matter
search. We show that it allows us to optimize rejection while keeping a rather
high efficiency which is compulsory for rare event search.With respect to a
sequential analysis, the rejection is about 20 times higher with a multivariate
analysis, for the same Dark Matter exclusion limit.Comment: 20 pages, 20 figure
Nivolumab and sunitinib combination in advanced soft tissue sarcomas : A multicenter, single-arm, phase Ib/II trial
Sarcomas exhibit low expression of factors related to immune response, which could explain the modest activity of PD-1 inhibitors. A potential strategy to convert a cold into an inflamed microenvironment lies on a combination therapy. As tumor angiogenesis promotes immunosuppression, we designed a phase Ib/II trial to test the double inhibition of angiogenesis (sunitinib) and PD-1/PD-L1 axis (nivolumab). This single-arm, phase Ib/II trial enrolled adult patients with selected subtypes of sarcoma. Phase Ib established two dose levels: level 0 with sunitinib 37.5 mg daily from day 1, plus nivolumab 3 mg/kg intravenously on day 15, and then every 2 weeks; and level-1 with sunitinib 37.5 mg on the first 14 days (induction) and then 25 mg per day plus nivolumab on the same schedule. The primary endpoint was to determine the recommended dose for phase II (phase I) and the 6-month progression-free survival rate, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (phase II). From May 2017 to April 2019, 68 patients were enrolled: 16 in phase Ib and 52 in phase II. The recommended dose of sunitinib for phase II was 37.5 mg as induction and then 25 mg in combination with nivolumab. After a median follow-up of 17 months (4-26), the 6-month progression-free survival rate was 48% (95% CI 41% to 55%). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events included transaminitis (17.3%) and neutropenia (11.5%). Sunitinib plus nivolumab is an active scheme with manageable toxicity in the treatment of selected patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma, with almost half of patients free of progression at 6 months
Vortex Lattice Melting into Disentangled Liquid Followed by the 3D-2D Decoupling Transition in YBa_2Cu_4O_8 Single Crystals
A sharp resistance drop associated with vortex lattice melting was observed
in high quality YBa_2Cu_4O_8 single crystals. The melting line is well
described well by the anisotropic GL theory. Two thermally activated flux flow
regions, which were separated by a crossover line B_cr=1406.5(1-T/T_c)/T
(T_c=79.0 K, B_cr in T), were observed in the vortex liquid phase. Activation
energy for each region was obtained and the corresponding dissipation mechanism
was discussed. Our results suggest that the vortex lattice in YBa_2Cu_4O_8
single crystal melts into disentangled liquid, which then undergoes a 3D-2D
decoupling transition.Comment: 5 pages, 4 eps figures, RevTex (Latex2.09
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