Alternative aircraft fuels

The efficient utilization of fossil fuels by future jet aircraft may necessitate the broadening of current aviation turbine fuel specifications. The most significant changes in specifications would be an increased aromatics content and a higher final boiling point in order to minimize refinery energy consumption and costs. These changes would increase the freezing point and might lower the thermal stability of the fuel, and could cause increased pollutant emissions, increased combustor liner temperatures, and poorer ignition characteristics. The effects that broadened specification fuels may have on present-day jet aircraft and engine components and the technology required to use fuels with broadened specifications are discussed

Predicting Reappraisal Success with Innate Neural Connectivity Across the Adult Lifespan

Reappraisal — reinterpreting a situation to change emotional response — is an effective emotion regulation strategy that relies on cognitive control network activity, including engagement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), to attenuate amygdala activity. Greater dlPFC-Amygdala functional connectivity predicts instructed reappraisal task success, and daily use of reappraisal for younger adults (Pico-Perez et al.., 2018) but not older adults (Opitz et al., 2012), while the connectivity of the vmPFC is predictive of physiological markers of ER success for all ages (Sakaki et al., 2016 & Urry et al., 2006). However, the relationship between Resting-State Functional Connectivity (RSFC) and reappraisal task success across the lifespan has yet to be investigated. Participants in the Cambridge Center for Aging Neuroscience study (N=299) completed an 8-minute resting-state fMRI scan. In each trial of an emotion regulation task, participants either viewed or reappraised a negative film and reported post-regulation positive affect. RSFC across bilateral amygdala and the mPFC, the left and the right dlPFC were calculated with Matlab’s CONN Toolbox. The hypothesis is that the strength of the amygdala-mPFC RSFC will predict lower negative and higher positive affect scores after reappraising, however, this study data failed to find evidence to support this hypothesis. The association between the amygdala-dlPFC RSFC and post-reappraisal negative affect scores was moderated by age. Positive affect was higher when there was a stronger negative RSFC in young and middle-aged adults, and this relationship was not significant at older ages (~72). Our results suggest that dlPFC-amygdala activity at rest may be a predictor of emotion regulation in younger and midlife adults but that dlPFC-amygdala activity may be less predictive of emotion regulation outcomes in later life

Geology and Mineralogy of the Wellington Mine, Breckenridge, Summit County, Colorado

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of ArtsIncludes oversized supplementary maps and a graphText from page 3: This paper is based on work done during the summer of 1915, while the writer was a member of a field party, engaged in geological work in the vicinity of Breckenridge, Colorado. Through the kindness of Mr. R. M. Henderson, manager of the Wellington Mines Company's property, permission was secured to examine the underground workings of the Wellington mine, the most important zinc-lead mine in the Breckenridge district. Plans showing the location of the principal drifts and stopes were furnished by Mr. Henderson, and, with these maps as guides, the writer made quite a thorough survey of the workings, determining, as far as possible, the geology and mineralogy of the mine. Many specimens of the country rock and the minerals were secured, and intensive study was made of them in the laboratory during the past winter

Effects of three early literacy interventions in the preschool classroom: comparing phonological awareness training, dialogic reading, and a combination condition in small groups

Phonological awareness, oral language, alphabet knowledge, and print awareness are the building blocks for emergent literacy. These skills can be divided into embedded and explicit domains of early literacy interventions. Dialogic reading, a well-researched embedded method of reading intervention, incorporates oral language and print awareness through adult-child storybook reading. Phonological awareness interventions utilize explicit skills such as phonemic instruction and letter knowledge to increase early literacy. The current study examined three early literacy interventions, dialogic reading, phonological awareness, and a combination condition, in comparison with each other and a control condition. Thirty-seven preschool children were randomly assigned to a condition and interventions were carried out in small groups for four weeks. Each child was assessed using measures of letter naming, initial sound, and word use prior to and following the investigation along with two progress monitoring assessment sessions equally spaced during the study. Results offered evidence to support significant changes in early literacy skills over a short period of time as well as underscoring the benefits of regular progress monitoring with preschool age students. Future research is needed to examine these treatment conditions for with an at-risk population and include follow-up data in order to examine whether one proves to be superior in increasing early literacy skills

The relationship of soil color to soil moisture tension

Color is an obvious and easily described soil characteristic. Probably man has always been conscious of soil color as he observed the color of good crop soils, those good for making brick, those that were good home sites and those good for gardens. Many such uses have related soil color to man\u27s culture and economy. Common terms such as red dust or black mud are used to describe soil out of place in a home, but important soil names have come from the colors. Chemosem (black earth), terra rosa (red earth), brown loams, black prairie soils and brown forest soils are examples of large soil areas named for their color. Color is the most easily observed of soil properties and observance of color is very useful. If properly interpreted it is an indication of drainage, aeration, climate, age, parent material and to some extent, fertility. Soil color is changed by soil moisture. The objective of this work was to investigate by trials the changes of soil color that might be associated with changes in soil moisture tension. If the soil color changes sufficiently over the available moisture range, then soil color could be used as a measure of available soil moisture

The Lived Experiences of Undergraduate Students\u27 Use of Social Media and How it Relates to Their Perceived Happiness: A Phenomenological Study

The problem in this study is that undergraduate students\u27 use of social media may influence their perceived happiness. The aim of this transcendental phenomenological study is to understand undergraduate students’ lived experiences with social media and how it is related to their perceived happiness. The theory guiding this study is Festinger’s theory of social comparison. Participants perceived happiness was explored based on their lived experiences of using social media and how it related to their perceived happiness. Data collection methods included journal prompts, individual interviews, and focus groups, as these methods proved the most useful in this qualitative study for the outlined research questions. The study also consisted of 10 participants who were separated into two focus groups. The data were then analyzed by hand coding, along with inputting the data through NVivo to identify and organize identified and like themes. I identified themes of thematic analysis, the themes of the Purpose Behind Social Media Use, Impacts of Social Media Use, and Unintentional Outcomes. The use of epoché, phenomenological reduction, and imaginative variation during the data analysis process was used to limit biases from being present during the analysis. The central research question for this study is: How do undergraduate students describe their lived experiences with social media as it relates to their perceived happiness? The findings of the study identified the relationship between social media use and the perceived happiness of undergraduate students, which was seen through the type of content viewed and the time spent on social media by the participants

Jet aircraft hydrocarbon fuels technology

A broad specification, referee fuel was proposed for research and development. This fuel has a lower, closely specified hydrogen content and higher final boiling point and freezing point than ASTM Jet A. The workshop recommended various priority items for fuel research and development. Key items include prediction of tradeoffs among fuel refining, distribution, and aircraft operating costs; combustor liner temperature and emissions studies; and practical simulator investigations of the effect of high freezing point and low thermal stability fuels on aircraft fuel systems