46,392 research outputs found
Cycling and Health Innovative Pilot Projects (Executive summary)
The Cycling and Health Innovative Pilot Project (CHIPPS) provided cycle training for adults in Nottingham and Northamptonshire from 2007 to 2010. The Primary Care Trusts in each area have delivered these projects in collaboration with partners. In Nottingham collaboration with Ridewise delivered the Cycling for Health Project that aimed to involve people from deprived communities and employees of the Primary Care Trust; in Northamptonshire the Easy Rider project delivered via Age UK was also aimed at those living in deprived areas and middle-aged people. Throughout the three years the initiative was evaluated by the Carnegie Research Institute of Leeds Metropolitan University. Those taking part completed questionnaires at the outset, at the end of their training, three months later and finally after a year. In addition, a mix of one-to-one interviews and focus groups were conducted with policy makers, those delivering the projects and participants (including those who dropped out)
Non-destructive method for applying and removing instrumentation on helicopter rotor blades
A nondestructive method of applying and removing instrumentation on airfoils
CONSUMER USE OF CONVENIENCE TYPE STORES: A TELEPHONE INTERVIEW, ROANOKE, VIRGINIA
Consumer/Household Economics,
Plasma membrane association by N-acylation governs PKG function in Toxoplasma gondii
ABSTRACT
Cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase G [PKG]) is essential for microneme secretion, motility, invasion, and egress in apicomplexan parasites, However, the separate roles of two isoforms of the kinase that are expressed by some apicomplexans remain uncertain. Despite having identical regulatory and catalytic domains, PKG
I
is plasma membrane associated whereas PKG
II
is cytosolic in
Toxoplasma gondii
. To determine whether these isoforms are functionally distinct or redundant, we developed an auxin-inducible degron (AID) tagging system for conditional protein depletion in
T. gondii
. By combining AID regulation with genome editing strategies, we determined that PKG
I
is necessary and fully sufficient for PKG-dependent cellular processes. Conversely, PKG
II
is functionally insufficient and dispensable in the presence of PKG
I
. The difference in functionality mapped to the first 15 residues of PKG
I
, containing a myristoylated Gly residue at position 2 that is critical for membrane association and PKG function. Collectively, we have identified a novel requirement for cGMP signaling at the plasma membrane and developed a new system for examining essential proteins in
T. gondii
.
IMPORTANCE
Toxoplasma gondii
is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and important clinical and veterinary pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis. Since apicomplexans can only propagate within host cells, efficient invasion is critically important for their life cycles. Previous studies using chemical genetics demonstrated that cyclic GMP signaling through protein kinase G (PKG)-controlled invasion by apicomplexan parasites. However, these studies did not resolve functional differences between two compartmentalized isoforms of the kinase. Here we developed a conditional protein regulation tool to interrogate PKG isoforms in
T. gondii
. We found that the cytosolic PKG isoform was largely insufficient and dispensable. In contrast, the plasma membrane-associated isoform was necessary and fully sufficient for PKG function. Our studies identify the plasma membrane as a key location for PKG activity and provide a broadly applicable system for examining essential proteins in
T. gondii
.
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Effects of the roller feed ratio on wrinkling failure in conventional spinning of a cylindrical cup
In this study, wrinkling failure in conventional spinning of a cylindrical cup has been investigated by using both finite element (FE) analysis and experimental methods. FE simulation models of a spinning experiment have been developed using the explicit finite element solution method provided by the software Abaqus. The severity of wrinkles is quantified by calculating the standard deviation of the radial coordinates of element nodes on the edge of the workpiece obtained from the FE models. The results show that the severity of wrinkles tends to increase when increasing the roller feed ratio. A forming limit study for wrinkling has been carried out and shows that there is a feed ratio limit beyond which the wrinkling failure will take place. Provided that the feed ratio is kept below this limit, the wrinkling failure can be prevented. It is believed that high compressive tangential stresses in the local forming zone are the causes of the wrinkling failure. Furthermore, the computational performance of the solid and shell elements in simulating the spinning process are examined and the tool forces obtained from wrinkling and wrinkle-free models are compared. Finally, the effects of the feed ratio on variations of the wall thickness of the spun cylindrical cup are investigated. </jats:p
A General SU(2) Formulation for Quantum Searching with Certainty
A general quantum search algorithm with arbitrary unitary transformations and
an arbitrary initial state is considered in this work. To serach a marked state
with certainty, we have derived, using an SU(2) representation: (1) the
matching condition relating the phase rotations in the algorithm, (2) a concise
formula for evaluating the required number of iterations for the search, and
(3) the final state after the search, with a phase angle in its amplitude of
unity modulus. Moreover, the optimal choices and modifications of the phase
angles in the Grover kernel is also studied.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Calculation of the Raman G peak intensity in monolayer graphene: role of Ward identities
The absolute integrated intensity of the single-phonon Raman peak at 1580
cm^{-1} is calculated for a clean graphene monolayer. The resulting intensity
is determined by the trigonal warping of the electronic bands and the
anisotropy of the electron-phonon coupling, and is proportional to the second
power of the excitation frequency. The main contribution to the process comes
from the intermediate electron-hole states with typical energies of the order
of the excitation frequency, contrary to what has been reported earlier. This
occurs because of strong cancellations between different terms of the
perturbation theory, analogous to Ward identities in quantum electrodynamics
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