720 research outputs found
Translanguaging and translation: the construction of social difference across city spaces
This paper considers the construction of social difference in the interactions of a couple as they communicate at home and work, with one another, their colleagues, and strangers in a superdiverse English city. In our linguistic ethnographic approach we observed, wrote field notes, audio-recorded key participants, took photographs, made video-recordings, and conducted interviews. We documented the role translanguaging and translation played and showed how these social practices varied across the cityâs spatial realms as different kinds of relationships are brought into play. While the interactions can be thematically characterized as broadly about money, business, and commerce, they can also be said to draw on widely circulating discourses about social and linguistic difference. We found that the construction of difference varied qualitatively by the distance and intimacy of the relationships in play. We also found that a translanguaging repertoire was particularly evident in navigating sensitive cultural activities, attitudes and beliefs. This points to the usefulness of translanguaging to signpost an openness to, and interest in, social and linguistic diversity in the market place, where buying and selling are the order of the day
The interview as narrative ethnography : seeking and shaping connections in qualitative research.
Acts of counter-subjectification in qualitative research are always present but are often submerged in accounts that seek to locate the power of subjectification entirely with the researcher. This is particularly so when talking to people about sensitive issues. Based on an interview-based study of infertility and reproductive disruption among British Pakistanis in Northeast England, we explore how we, as researchers, sought and were drawn into various kinds of connections with the study participants; connections that were actively and performatively constructed through time. The three of us that conducted interviews are all female academics with Ph.Ds in anthropology, but thereafter our backgrounds, life stories and experiences diverge in ways that intersected with those of our informants in complex and shifting ways. We describe how these processes shaped the production of narrative accounts and consider some of the associated analytical and ethical implications
Critical Temperature of Ferromagnetic Transition in Three-Dimensional Double-Exchange Models
Ferromagnetic transition in three-dimensional double-exchange models is
studied by the Monte Carlo method. Critical temperature is
precisely determined by finite-size scaling analysis. Strong spin fluctuations
in this itinerant system significantly reduce from mean-field
estimates. By choosing appropriate parameters, obtained values of
quantitatively agree with experiments for the ferromagnetic metal regime of
(La,Sr)MnO, which is a typical perovskite manganite showing colossal
magnetoresistance. This indicates that the double-exchange mechanism alone is
sufficient to explain in this material. Critical exponents are also
discussed.Comment: 4 pages including 1 table and 4 figures, to be published in J. Phys.
Soc. Jp
High Temperature Ferromagnetism with Giant Magnetic Moment in Transparent Co-doped SnO2-d
Occurrence of room temperature ferromagnetism is demonstrated in pulsed laser
deposited thin films of Sn1-xCoxO2-d (x<0.3). Interestingly, films of
Sn0.95Co0.05O2-d grown on R-plane sapphire not only exhibit ferromagnetism with
a Curie temperature close to 650 K, but also a giant magnetic moment of about 7
Bohr-Magneton/Co, not yet reported in any diluted magnetic semiconductor
system. The films are semiconducting and optically highly transparent.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Ferromagnetism in laser deposited anatase TiCoO_{2-\delta} films
Pulsed laser deposited films of Co doped anatase TiO2 are examined for Co
substitutionality, ferromagnetism, transport, magnetotransport and optical
properties. Our results show limited solubility (up to ~ 2 %) of Co in the
as-grown films and formation of Co clusters thereafter. For Ti0.93Co0.07O2-d
sample, which exhibits a Curie temperature (Tc) over 1180 K, we find the
presence of 20-50 nm Co clusters as well as a small concentration of Co
incorporated into the remaining matrix. After being subjected to the high
temperature anneal during the first magnetization measurement, the very same
sample shows a Tc ~ 650 K and almost full matrix incorporation of Co. This Tc
is close to that of as-grown Ti0.99Co0.01O2-d sample (~ 700 K). The transport,
magnetotransport and optical studies also reveal interesting effects of the
matrix incorporation of Co. These results are indicative of an intrinsic
Ti1-xCoxO2-d diluted magnetic semiconductor with Tc of about 650-700 K.Comment: 14 pages + 9 figure
Translanguaging and Public Service Encounters: Language Learning in the Library
This article explores the information desk of a city library as a site for language learning. Using a linguistic ethnographic approach, the interactions between a customer experience and information assistant and the many library users who approach her information desk were analysed. Findings are that, in addition to providing information about library resources, information desks are sites at which bits and pieces of different languages are taught and learned. Such language teaching and learning episodes created interactions of inclusion and welcome that went far beyond purely transactional information. Rather, languageârelated episodes created moments of human contact and engagement, which were upheld through the translanguaging practices of interactants, the disposition and workplace competence of library staff, and the spatial ecology of the information desk. Furthermore, the article contributes to ongoing theoretical debates about translanguaging by noting that normativity and pressure toward uniformity are as much a part of languaging processes as creativity and flexibility. Our definition of translanguaging recognises the opposing pull of centrifugal and centripetal forces. The article ends by asking what schools, and language education, might learn from public libraries in creating arenas that maintain communitarianism, diversity of expression, and the development of civic skills
Tunable Multiferroic Properties in Nanocomposite PbTiO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e-CoFe\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e Epitaxial Thin Films
We report on the synthesis of PbTiO3âCoFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposites and continuous tuning of their ferroelectric and magnetic properties as a function of the average composition on thin-film composition spreads. The highest dielectric constant and nonlinear dielectric signal was observed at (PbTiO3)85â(CoFe2O4)15, where robust magnetism was also observed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a pancake-shaped epitaxial nanostructure of PbTiO3 on the order of 30 nm embedded in the matrix of CoFe2O4 at this composition. Composition dependent ferroics properties observed here indicate that there is considerable interdiffusion of cations into each other
Temperature Dependence of Low-Lying Electronic Excitations of LaMnO_3
We report on the optical properties of undoped single crystal LaMnO_3, the
parent compound of the colossal magneto-resistive manganites. Near-Normal
incidence reflectance measurements are reported in the frequency range of
20-50,000 cm-1 and in the temperature range 10-300 K. The optical conductivity,
s_1(w), is derived by performing a Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflectance
data. The far-infrared spectrum of s_1(w) displays the infrared active optical
phonons. We observe a shift of several of the phonon to high frequencies as the
temperature is lowered through the Neel temperature of the sample (T_N = 137
K). The high-frequency s_1(w) is characterized by the onset of absorption near
1.5 eV. This energy has been identified as the threshold for optical
transitions across the Jahn-Teller split e_g levels. The spectral weight of
this feature increases in the low-temperature state. This implies a transfer of
spectral weight from the UV to the visible associated with the paramagnetic to
antiferromagnetic state. We discuss the results in terms of the double exchange
processes that affect the optical processes in this magnetic material.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Optical Conductivity of Manganites: Crossover from Jahn-Teller Small Polaron to Coherent Transport in the Ferromagnetic State
We report on the optical properties of the hole-doped manganites Nd_{0.7}Sr
_{0.3}MnO_{3}, La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_{3}, and La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3}. The
low-energy optical conductivity in the paramagnetic-insulating state of these
materials is characterized by a broad maximum near 1 eV. This feature shifts to
lower energy and grows in optical oscillator strength as the temperature is
lowered into the ferromagnetic state. It remains identifiable well below Tc and
transforms eventually into a Drude-like response. This optical behavior and the
activated transport in the paramagnetic state of these materials are consistent
with a Jahn-Teller small polaron. The optical spectra and oscillator strength
changes compare well with models that include both double exchange and the
dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in the description of the electronic structure.Comment: 27 pages (Latex), 6 figures (PostScript
'Working outâ identity: distance runners and the management of disrupted identity
This article contributes fresh perspectives to the empirical literature on the sociology of the body, and of leisure and identity, by analysing the impact of long-term injury on the identities of two amateur but serious middle/long-distance runners. Employing a symbolic interactionist framework,and utilising data derived from a collaborative autoethnographic project, it explores the role
of âidentity workâ in providing continuity of identity during the liminality of long-term injury and
rehabilitation, which poses a fundamental challenge to athletic identity. Specifically, the analysis
applies Snow and Andersonâs (1995) and Perinbanayagamâs (2000) theoretical conceptualisations
in order to examine the various forms of identity work undertaken by the injured participants, along
the dimensions of materialistic, associative and vocabularic identifications. Such identity work was
found to be crucial in sustaining a credible sporting identity in the face of disruption to the running
self, and in generating momentum towards the goal of restitution to full running fitness and reengagement
with a cherished form of leisure.
KEYWORDS: identity work, symbolic interactionism, distance running, disrupted identit
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