Dioxinas y medio ambiente

With the generic term of dioxin is named the groups of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and the polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF), typical representans of the persistent organic compounds (POPs). They are obtained as not desired secondary products from several industrial process in which chlorine is used in some of its phases. The dioxins have centrated in the last decade an important part if the medical investigations in environmental health do to its notable toxicity, since they are one of the more powerful toxic chemical substances created by mankind, characterized for affecting the nervous and inmunitary system, being implicated into appearance of difference types of cancer and causing the appearance of several endocrine disorders, because of what they have been nowadays classified as endocrine disruptors. On degradation, bioaccumulation and on a large scale atmospheric transport capacity between the several environmental phases, make them to be considerate nowadays as dangerous compounds for human beings.Con el término genérico dioxinas se designa al grupo de las dibenzo-p-dioxinas policloradas (PCDD) y de los dibenzofuranos policlorados (PCDF), representantes típicos de los compuestos orgánicos persistentes (COPs). Se obtienen como productos secundarios no deseados de diversos procesos industriales en los que se emplea cloro en alguna de sus etapas. Las dioxinas han centrado en la última década una parte importante de la investigación médica en salud ambiental debido a su notable toxicidad, ya que son las sustancias químicas peligrosas más potentes creadas por el hombre, afectando al sistema nervioso e inmunitario, estando implicadas en la aparición de distintos tipos de cáncer y provocando la aparición de alteraciones hormonales, clasificándose actualmente como disruptores endocrinos. Por otra parte, su persistencia en el medio ambiente, resistencia a la degradación, bioacumulación y capacidad de transporte atmosférico entre las diversas fases medioambientales hace que sean considerados actualmente como compuestos peligrosos para el ser humano

Avaliação ecotoxicológica de alguns dos principais grupos terapêuticos encontrados em depósitos SIGRE de farmácias

Protecting the environment is one of the main challenges of modern society. To this aim, especially in recent years, the European Union (EU) has approved legislation establishing the environmental standards that must be met by medicinal products for human and veterinary use, in order to be registered by the regulatory agencies. To minimize as far as possible negative impacts on the environment, the Pharmaceutical Industry has provided a management system exclusively for both empty pharmaceutical packaging and that still containing medicines accumulated in Spanish homes. The Integrated System of Management and Collection of Packaging Waste (SIGRE) in the Pharmaceutical Industry is a non-profit organization created for the collection and management of pharmaceutical waste accumulated by citizens in their homes.This study has carried out a pilot project by monitoring the pharmaceutical packaging deposited by the population in containers at two Pharmacies located in the town of Coslada in Madrid. A literature review was also conducted of the ecotoxicological effects of the therapeutic groups most frequently found in the SIGRE containers in this study.La protección del medio ambiente es uno de los principales retos de la sociedad actual. Con este objetivo a lo largo de los últimos años, la Unión Europea (UE) ha ido aprobando normativas que establecen normas de carácter medioambiental que deben cumplir los medicamentos de uso humano y veterinario para su registro por las agencias reguladoras. Para reducir al máximo posibles impactos negativos sobre el medio ambiente, la industria farmacéutica ha constituido un sistema de gestión exclusivo para los envases de medicamentos, vacíos o con restos, que se generan en los domicilios españoles. El Sistema Integrado de Gestión y Recogida de Envases (SIGRE) del sector farmacéutico, es una entidad sin ánimo de lucro creada para la recogida y gestión de los residuos de medicamentos que los ciudadanos generan.En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio piloto sobre los envases depositados por la población en dos oficinas de farmacia situadas en la localidad de Coslada en Madrid, realizando una revisión bibliográfica de los efectos ecotoxicológicos de los grupos terapéuticos más frecuentemente encontrados en los depósitos SIGRE en este estudio.A proteção do meio ambiente é um dos principais desafios da sociedade atual. Com esse objetivo, ao longo dos últimos anos, a União Europeia (UE) tem aprovado regulamentos que estabelecem normas de âmbito ambiental que devem ser respeitadas pelos medicamentos de uso humano e veterinário para que os mesmos possam ser registados pelas agências reguladoras. Para minimizar ao máximo possíveis impactos negativos sobre o meio ambiente a indústria farmacêutica desenvolveu um sistema de gestão para embalagens de medicamentos, vazias ou com restos, que são originados nos lares espanhóis. O Sistema Integrado de Gestão e Recolha de Embalagens (SIGRE) do sector farmacêutico é uma organização sem fins lucrativos criada para a recolha e gestão de resíduos de medicamentos gerados pelos cidadãos.Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se um estudo piloto sobre as embalagens depositadas pela população em duas farmácias localizadas na localidade de Coslada em Madrid realizando-se uma revisão bibliográfica dos efeitos ecotoxicológicos dos grupos terapêuticos mais frequentemente encontrados nos depósitos SIGRES deste estudo

Nanotoxicología ambiental

Las nanopartículas son partículas cuyas dimensiones están entre 1 y 100 nanometros, que se producen de forma natural en caso de incendios forestales, erupciones volcánicas, etc., y se pueden fabricar e incorporar en diferentes procesos industriales, lo que ha dado lugar a una gran exposición de estos nanomateriales a nivel medioambiental. Las nanoparticulas presentan propiedades físicas y químicas únicas, las cuales difieren significativamente de las correspondientes al mismo material de mayor escala, por lo que no es posible predecir su perfil de toxicidad por extrapolación a partir de datos de sus equivalentes de mayor tamaño. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una valoración exhaustiva de los usos y de los posibles mecanismos de toxicidad de estas sustancias en el medio ambiente y en el hombre ya que actualmente no existe una legislación específica sobre nanomateriales. La investigación de este tema tiene gran actualidad ya que es necesario determinar la relación beneficio/riesgo de estos materiales para una correcta evaluación del riesgo siendo la investigación en esta área, una de las líneas prioritarias dentro del 7º Programa Marco de la Unión Europea en materia de salud.Nanoparticles are particles which dimensions are between 1 and 100 nanometers. This kind of particles can be produced under natural circumstances such as forest fires, volcanic eruptions, etc., or can be manufactured and included in different industrial processes, something which has caused an increase in the presence of these particles in the environment. Nanoparticles have unique physico-chemical properties which are significantly different from the same material at a bigger scale. This is the reason why it is not possible to predict its toxicity profile by extrapolation from their equivalents of bigger size. The main aim of this research is to conduct an exhaustive study of the uses and possible toxicity mechanism of these substances in the environment and in humans, due to the absence, nowadays, of specific legislation regarding nanomaterials. This item reseach is a current issue because it is necessary to determine the benefit/ risk balance for these materials, so we can develop a correct evaluation of the potential danger. This investigation area is one of the priorities in the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community regarding to health matters

Influence of Unstable Shoes on Women With Lumbopelvic Postpartum Pain: Randomized Clinical Trial

[Abstract] Background: Back pain is a normal symptom during pregnancy and is expected to become worse beyond the first three months after childbirth. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of wearing unstable shoes instead of conventional shoes, regarding pain intensity, low back mobility and stability, among women with lumbopelvic pain (LPP) during the postpartum period. Design and setting: Prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial conducted at a podiatry and physiotherapy clinical center. Methods: A nine-week program of wearing either unstable shoes (A) or conventional shoes (B) was implemented. The following outcomes were measured in three assessments: pain intensity, using a visual analogue scale (VAS); low-back mobility, using a modified Schober test; and stability, using a pressure platform. Results: The lateral stability speed, anterior stability speed and anterior center of pressure (COP) showed significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the unstable shoes group after nine weeks, in relation to the conventional group. Intra-group measurements showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in VAS between the second and third assessments and between the first and third assessments in both groups. Intra-group evaluations also showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the lateral stability speed and anterior stability speed. Conclusions: Unstable shoes were effective in decreasing the pain intensity at five and nine weeks in women with postpartum LPP. In addition, their use produced decreases in lateral stability speed, anterior stability speed and anterior COP at nine weeks

The role of late Quaternary tectonic activity and sea-level changes on sedimentary processes interaction in the Gulf of Cadiz upper and middle continental slope (SW Iberia)

A morphological and seismic-stratigraphic analysis of the Gulf of Cadiz area near the Strait of Gibraltar is presented in this work, focused on the sedimentary evolution of the upper and proximal middle-continental slope since the Mid-Pleistocene. Based on the analysis of seismic reflection profiles and swath bathymetry data, this work analyses the close influence of the activity of buried and outcropping diapiric ridges and late Quaternary sea-level changes on the evolution of contouritic features related to the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) and Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW), gravitational features and fluid-escape structures. The stratigraphic architecture reveals that, under active diapiric deformation, the upper slope plastered drift grew during low sea-level stages, when sediment supply was high and the ENACW swept the upper slope, contrasting with the present-day highstand situation dominated by northwest-trending MOW flow. The south-estward ENACW flow forced asymmetry and lateral migration of gullies incised in the plastered drift. Two evolutionary stages have been established: 1) After the Mid Pleistocene, activity of diapirs with a NE trend determined the location of the deepest depressions which were infilled by plastered contouritic drifts; 2) Between Late Quaternary and present, a drastic change of buried diapirs growth pattern and orientation to a NW trend enhanced slope-derived gravitational processes affecting the bottom current dynamics. Adjustments to tectonic changes led to a phase of plastered drift growth on the upper slope during which depocenters varied their distribution and orientation. In a long-term the structural control on sedimentation shows a northwestward displacement of deformation, resulting in an overall extension of the contourite depositional system to the NW. In a short-term, sea-level changes favored drift deposition, gullies incision and the strengthening of water masses. This work evidences the importance of tectonic deformation in sedimentation at recent time scales, and the twodirectional interplay between recent tectonic activity and bottom current dynamics.Versión del edito

Aprendizaje colaborativo/competitivo mediante gamificación, a través del uso integrado de un mando wiimote como pizarra digital interactiva, un sistema virtual de respuesta en el aula, y dispositivos móviles con acceso a internet

Integración de pizarra digital, una aplicación informática propia como sistema de respuesta (clicker) y otras aplicaciones no propias para facilitar la evaluación continua, aumentar la motivación y rendimiento de los estudiantes a un coste muy bajo

Aprendizaje flexible y personalizado para atender la diversidad en el aula, mediante la gamificación, a través del uso integrado de un sistema virtual de respuesta en el aula para dispositivos móviles con acceso a internet y una aplicación de screencasting

Sección Deptal. de Farmacología y Toxicología (Veterinaria)Fac. de VeterinariaFALSEsubmitte

Aprendizaje flexible y personalizado para atender la diversidad en el aula, mediante el uso del flipped learning (aprendizaje invertido), a través del uso integrado de un sistema virtual de respuesta en el aula, y otras herramientas TACs

Integración de una aplicación informática propia como sistema de respuesta (clicker) y diferentes herramientas TCs para facilitar la evaluación continua de forma personalizada, aumentar la motivación y rendimiento de los estudiantes a bajo coste