Dynamical analysis of the redshift drift in FLRW universes

Redshift drift is the phenomenon whereby the observed redshift between an emitter and observer comoving with the Hubble flow in an expanding FLRW universe will slowly evolve -- on a timescale comparable to the Hubble time. In a previous article [JCAP 04 (2020) 043; \arXiv{2001.11964}] three of the current authors had performed a cosmographic analysis of the redshift drift in a FLRW universe, temporarily putting aside the issue of dynamics (the Friedmann equations). In the current article we now add dynamics, still within the framework of an exact FLRW universe. We shall develop a suitable generic matter model and apply it to both standard FLRW and various dark energy models. Furthermore, we shall also present a section analyzing the utility of using alternative cosmographic variables to describe the redshift drift data.Comment: 37 pages, 19 figures. New section adde

The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus): ¿predator or scavenger? Plurality of perceptions between local knowledge and academic discourse in the central hills of Argentina

Este trabajo explora las percepciones relacionadas con el Cóndor Andino (Vultur gryphus) a través del conocimiento tradicional, las prácticas del habitante rural y el discurso académico asociado a la especie. El estudio se desarrolló en cuatro áreas de las sierras centrales de Argentina, en las provincias de Catamarca, Córdoba (Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito), La Rioja y San Juan. Desde la mirada de estos actores sociales, el Cóndor Andino puede ser valorado como una especie clave, emblemática y digna de conservar, pero también puede ser considerada como conflictiva y que debe ser eliminada por el comportamiento cazador que le adjudican algunos lugareños. Por medio de técnicas etnográficas se obtuvo información que evidenció la existencia de una pluralidad en las apreciaciones vinculadas con el Cóndor Andino, considerando los discursos locales y los provenientes del ámbito académico. Se destacan especialmente las percepciones diferenciales referentes a sus hábitos alimentarios, encontrando un contraste entre las narrativas en las que coinciden la percepción conservacionista de los pobladores del parque nacional y la academia, y la mirada de los pobladores de las otras tres áreas de estudio. Los datos sistematizados muestran la simultaneidad de percepciones asociadas a los saberes individuales y colectivos sobre la relación entre el ser humano y el animal, identificando aspectos que van desde los criterios asociados a la importancia biocultural y la conservación del ave, hasta su valoración negativa por ser considerada una amenaza para la producción ganadera.This work explores perceptions related to the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) through the traditional knowledge, the practices of the rural inhabitant and the academic discourse associated to the species. The study was carried out in four areas of the central hills of Argentina, in the provinces of Catamarca, Córdoba (Quebrada del Condorito National Park), La Rioja and San Juan. From the perspective of these social actors, the Andean Condor can be valued as a key species, emblematic and worthy of conservation, but it can also be considered as conflictive and that must be eliminated by the hunter behaviour that some locals attribute to it. By means of ethnographic techniques we obtained information that evidenced the existence of a plurality in evaluations related to the Andean Condor, considering the local and the academic discourses, especially the differential perceptions regarding their eating habits, finding a contrast between the narratives in which the conservationist perception of the settlers of the park and the academy coincides, and the view of the settlers of the other three study areas. Systematized data show the simultaneity of perceptions associated with individual and collective knowledge about the human–animal relationship, identifying aspects ranging from the criteria associated with biocultural importance and conservation of the bird, until its negative valuation by being considered a threat for the livestock production.Fil: Manzano García, Jessica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Jiménez Escobar, Néstor David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lobo Allende, Rebeca. Universidad Nacional de Chilecito; ArgentinaFil: Cailly Arnulphi, Verónica Beatríz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentin

INFECÇÕES DE SÍTIO CIRÚRGICO: INCIDÊNCIA E PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Objetivo: analisar a incidência das infecções de sítio cirúrgico e seu perfil de resistência microbiana em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, documental, descritivo. Foram incluídos na população de estudo 52 pacientes com infecção de sítio cirúrgico de um hospital universitário de Salvador, Bahia, no período de 2011 a 2013. Resultados: a idade, cor/raça e número de dias em UTI demonstraram relação estatisticamente significante para o desfecho. Dentre as cirurgias, a da especialidade cardíaca destacou-se em número de infecções; dentre as bactérias, as do tipo gram-negativas (Enterobacter e Escherichia) estavam em culturas de 75,39% dos casos, sendo mais resistentes às penicilinas; o desfecho mais frequente foi a alta da unidade. Conclusão: os estudos sobre essas infecções constituem um padrão importante para as unidades hospitalares que, na atualidade, enfrentam sérios riscos, especialmente relacionados ao uso e ao manejo de antibióticos com impacto no sistema de saúde. Descritores: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Infecção. Infecção do Sítio Cirúrgico. Resistência Bacteriana a Antibióticos

Population-level transcriptome sequencing of nonmodel organisms Erynnis propertius and Papilio zelicaon

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several recent studies have demonstrated the use of Roche 454 sequencing technology for <it>de novo </it>transcriptome analysis. Low error rates and high coverage also allow for effective SNP discovery and genetic diversity estimates. However, genetically diverse datasets, such as those sourced from natural populations, pose challenges for assembly programs and subsequent analysis. Further, estimating the effectiveness of transcript discovery using Roche 454 transcriptome data is still a difficult task.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using the Roche 454 FLX Titanium platform, we sequenced and assembled larval transcriptomes for two butterfly species: the Propertius duskywing, <it>Erynnis propertius </it>(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and the Anise swallowtail, <it>Papilio zelicaon </it>(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). The Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) generated represent a diverse sample drawn from multiple populations, developmental stages, and stress treatments.</p> <p>Despite this diversity, > 95% of the ESTs assembled into long (> 714 bp on average) and highly covered (> 9.6× on average) contigs. To estimate the effectiveness of transcript discovery, we compared the number of bases in the hit region of unigenes (contigs and singletons) to the length of the best match silkworm (<it>Bombyx mori</it>) protein--this "ortholog hit ratio" gives a close estimate on the amount of the transcript discovered relative to a model lepidopteran genome. For each species, we tested two assembly programs and two parameter sets; although CAP3 is commonly used for such data, the assemblies produced by Celera Assembler with modified parameters were chosen over those produced by CAP3 based on contig and singleton counts as well as ortholog hit ratio analysis. In the final assemblies, 1,413 <it>E. propertius </it>and 1,940 <it>P. zelicaon </it>unigenes had a ratio > 0.8; 2,866 <it>E. propertius </it>and 4,015 <it>P. zelicaon </it>unigenes had a ratio > 0.5.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Ultimately, these assemblies and SNP data will be used to generate microarrays for ecoinformatics examining climate change tolerance of different natural populations. These studies will benefit from high quality assemblies with few singletons (less than 26% of bases for each assembled transcriptome are present in unassembled singleton ESTs) and effective transcript discovery (over 6,500 of our putative orthologs cover at least 50% of the corresponding model silkworm gene).</p

Evaluation of the Young Deadly Free Peer Education Training Program: Early Results, Methodological Challenges, and Learnings for Future Evaluations

Copyright © 2019 D'Costa, Lobo, Thomas and Ward. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience disproportionately higher rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and blood borne viruses (BBVs) when compared with the non-Indigenous population. Both incidence and prevalence data for bacterial STIs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas, and syphilis in remote areas of Australia are reported at rates many times higher than that of non-Indigenous Australians. Similarly, rates of hepatitis B are disproportionately higher for non-Indigenous people in remote communities. The Young Deadly STI and BBV Free project was designed to increase the uptake of STI and BBV testing and treatment in young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in remote and very remote areas of South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, and the Northern Territory. Peer education formed one component of this pilot project and involved training up to 100 young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people across 19 communities in a culturally appropriate and respectful manner on the transmission, testing, and treatment of STIs and BBVs. The trained peer educators were then required to deliver three community education sessions to young people in their respective communities in an effort to raise awareness about STIs and BBVs and encourage testing and treatment uptake. Preliminary evaluation findings, limited to the trained peer educators, revealed the peer educator training program contributed to STI and BBV knowledge gains among the trained peer educators and positively influenced their behavioral intentions and attitudes pertaining to STIs and BBVs. Working with remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations on a highly sensitive, stigmatized topic presented many methodological challenges, particularly in terms of ensuring the collection of reliable evaluation data across geographically remote communities. The challenges and strengths associated with the implementation of the peer education training program along with implications for developing culturally inclusive evaluation practices will be discussed

Identification of Recurrent Mutations in the microRNA-Binding Sites of B-Cell Lymphoma-Associated Genes in Follicular Lymphoma.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common indolent B-cell lymphoma that can transform into the more aggressive transformed FL (tFL). However, the molecular process driving this transformation is uncertain. In this work, we aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites recurrently mutated in follicular lymphoma patients, as well as in transformed FL patients. Using whole-genome sequencing data from FL tumors, we discovered 544 mutations located in bioinformatically predicted microRNA-binding sites. We then studied these specific regions using targeted sequencing in a cohort of 55 FL patients, found 16 recurrent mutations, and identified a further 69 variants. After filtering for QC, we identified 21 genes with mutated miRNA-binding sites that were also enriched for B-cell-associated genes by Gene Ontology. Over 40% of mutations identified in these genes were present exclusively in tFL patients. We validated the predicted miRNA-binding sites of five of the genes by luciferase assay and demonstrated that the identified mutations in BCL2 and EZH2 genes impaired the binding efficiency of miR-5008 and miR-144 and regulated the endogenous levels of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Extended Functional Connectivity of Convergent Structural Alterations Among Individuals with PTSD: A Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder defined by the onset of intrusive, avoidant, negative cognitive or affective, and/or hyperarousal symptoms after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Previous voxel-based morphometry studies have provided insight into structural brain alterations associated with PTSD with notable heterogeneity across these studies. Furthermore, how structural alterations may be associated with brain function, as measured by task-free and task-based functional connectivity, remains to be elucidated. Methods: Using emergent meta-analytic techniques, we sought to first identify a consensus of structural alterations in PTSD using the anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. Next, we generated functional profiles of identified convergent structural regions utilizing resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and meta-analytic co-activation modeling (MACM) methods. Finally, we performed functional decoding to examine mental functions associated with our ALE, rsFC, and MACM brain characterizations. Results: We observed convergent structural alterations in a single region located in the medial prefrontal cortex. The resultant rsFC and MACM maps identified functional connectivity across a widespread, whole-brain network that included frontoparietal and limbic regions. Functional decoding revealed overlapping associations with attention, memory, and emotion processes. Conclusions: Consensus-based functional connectivity was observed in regions of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks, which play a role in the tripartite model of psychopathology. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms associated with PTSD

Effects of Myofascial Induction Therapy on Ankle Range of Motion and Pressure Pain Threshold in Trigger Points of the Gastrocnemius—A Clinical Trial

[Abstract] Background: The myofascial induction technique (MIT) has been shown to increase shoulder range of motion (ROM) in breast cancer survivors and decrease pain pressure threshold over the radial nerve in patients with epicondylalgia. To the authors’ best knowledge, no study on trigger points and MIT has been published to date. The effect on ROM of latent trigger points is also unknown. Methods: A total of 20 twins with one latent trigger point of the gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated pre- and post-MIT in the calf. We measured static footprint variables in a pre–post study. Results: We found differences in PPT (p = 0.001) and no differences in ROM with knee flexed (p = 0.420) or stretched (p = 0.069). Conclusions: After Calf MIT, latent myofascial trigger points improve PPT but no change in ankle dorsiflexion with knee bent or knee flexed were found in non-restriction healthy subjects

“Keep That in Mind!” The Role of Positive Affect in Working Memory for Maintaining Goal-Relevant Information

Some studies have demonstrated a beneficial role of Positive Affect on working memory (WM) by either applying protocols of mood induction or assessing naturally occurring state Positive Affect. However, there are no studies directly linking Positive Affect as a stable personality-like trait with WM. We aimed to address this potential relationship using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale and contra-lateral delay activity (CDA) as measures of trait Positive Affect and WM Capacity, respectively. We also sought to investigate the impact of a neutral or unpleasant emotional state on this relationship. Participants performed a change detection task, while a neutral or an unpleasant emotional state was induced. Our results showed a positive robust correlation between trait Positive Affect and WM Capacity for both neutral and unpleasant emotional states, as revealed by the neuroelectrophysiological gold-standard measure of WM, namely, CDA. These data suggest a tangible role of trait Positive Affect in the cognitive ability of maintaining goal-relevant information in WM, such that even a highly disruptive state is not sufficient to corrupt this relationship

Benefícios da natação para crianças e adolescentes / Benefits of child swimming

A natação para crianças e adolescentes é um exercício físico de grande valia para o desenvolvimento, tendo um importante papel no desenvolvimento físico, afetivo–social e formação cognitiva. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar os benefícios da natação para crianças e adolescentes visando uma importância de praticar natação. Compreendemos que a natação é uma atividade que beneficia no desenvolvimento de uma criação, buscando sociabiliza-las, provocar o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento psicomotor. A natação oferece a capacidade de trabalhar todo o corpo, e sem qualquer impacto severo sobre o sistema esquelético, sendo que qualquer pessoa pode praticar. Os benefícios da natação vão muito além de melhorar a musculatura