Modeling Strategy for Injectivity in SWAG Processes

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Quaternary dichotomous voting rules

In this paper we provide a general model of "quaternary" dichotomous voting rules (QVRs), namely, voting rules for making collective dichotomous decisions (to accept or reject a proposal), based on vote profiles in which four options are available to each voter: voting ("yes", "no" or "abstaining") or staying home and not turning out. The model covers most of actual real-world dichotomus rules, where quorums are often required, and some of the extensions considered in the literature. In particular, we address and solve the question of the representability of QVRs by means of weighted rules and extend the notion of "dimension" of a rule.

Majorities with a quorum

Based on a general model of "quaternary" voting rule, sensitive to voters' choices between four different options (abstaining, voting "yes", voting "no" and staying home), we systematically study different types of majority and quorum. The model allows for a precise formulation of majority rules and quorum constraints. For such rules four types of majority can be defined. We also consider four types of quorum. Then we study the possible combinations of a majority system with a type of quorum and provide examples from rules actually used in parliaments.

The Feasibility of Producing Vacuum-Packed Fermented Vegetable Products.

The average intake of vegetables in Ireland falls below the recommendations of Bord Glas and FSAI. Carrots are the third most consumed vegetable in Ireland and they are an excellent source of vitamins A and B as well as phytochemicals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well-known in food for their benefits such as improvement of the nutritional value of food and improvement of the digestion of lactose. Vegetable consumption could be enhanced by promoting a novel snack fermented carrot product that would provide the healthy benefits of vegetables coupled with the benefits of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Two varieties of carrots, Amsterdam (baby carrots) and Nantes half-long were chosen for this study due to their availability throughout the year. Carrot sticks (90 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm) were produced to standardize and reduce the heterogeneity of the raw material. The initial levels of total viable counts on Amsterdam carrots were established at 2.0x105 cfu/g. Blanching treatments of a minimum of 40 seconds were required to inactivate the initial microbiological load. There were no significant differences (

Network formation under institutional constraints

We study the effects of institutional constraints on stability, efficiency and network formation. An exogenous "societal cover" consisting of a collection of possibly overlapping subsets covering the set of players specifies the social organization in different groups or "societies". It is assumed that a player may imitiate links only with players that belong to at least one society that she also belongs to, thus restricting the feasible strategies and networks. In this setting, we examine the impact of such societal constraints on stable/efficient architectures and on dynamics. We also study stability and stochastic stability in the presence of decay.network, stability, dynamics, decay, stochastic stability

Preferences, actions and voting rules

In this paper we address several issues related to collective dichotomous decision-making by means of quaternary voting rules, i.e., when voters may choose between four actions: voting yes, voting no, abstaining and not turning up - which are aggregated by a voting rule into a dichotomous decision: acceptance or rejection of a proposal. In particular we study the links between the actions and preferences of the actors. We show that quaternary rules (unlike binary rules, where only two actions -yes or no- are possible) leave room for manipulability (i.e., strategic behaviour). Thus a preference profile does not in general determine an action profile. We also deal with the notions of success and decisiveness and their ex ante assessment for quaternary voting rules, and discuss the role of information and coordination in this context.

Litoral i portualitat : límits de la nàutica recreativa i estratègies d'ordenació

La nàutica recreativa, tal com s’entén en l’actualitat amb les seves instal·lacions pròpies i les activitats turístiques i esportives, va néixer a Catalunya a les darreres dècades del segle XIX. La primera organització que es va dedicar específicament a la nàutica va ser la Societat de Regates de Barcelona, creada el 1873, però va durar poc i va ser substituïda, vuit anys més tard, pel Club de Regates de Barcelona. Aquest es va dividir a començaments del segle XX i va donar lloc als actuals Club Nàutic i Club Marítim de Barcelona. El més antic dels clubs catalans actuals és el Club Nàutic de Tarragona, que manté activitat des de la seva fundació, el 1878