Análisis y comparación de las propiedades psicométricas de una medida monoítem de la tensión laboral

En la literatura no se encuentran estudios que comparen las propiedades psicométricas de medidas monoítem y multiítem de un mismo constructo. Esto puede ser debido a que prevalece el criterio razonable de que es siempre más adecuado utilizar medidas multiítem. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar y comparar las propiedades psicométricas de una medida monoítem y tres medidas multiítem de la tensión laboral: el Job Related Tension Index de Kahn et al. (1964), el Anxiety Stress Questionnaire de House y Rizzo (1972) y el Cuestionario de Tensión T3/15, elaborado por Meliá et al. (1987) en nuestro contexto cultural. Se ha estudiado la validez convergente y de constructo de la medida monoítem, y se ha realizado un análisis factorial confirmatorio de las cuatro medidas de tensión mediante el programa LISREL VII, para comprobar el grado en que la varianza observada en cada una de ellas se debe a variabilidad en el constructo tensión laboral. La medida monoítem se ha revelado como una medida de la tensión que presenta una buena validez convergente y de constructo, al mismo tiempo que ha mostrado una alta fiabilidad, mayor incluso que la de otras medidas empleadas con frecuencia por los investigadores en el ámbito organizacional. This study replicates Espejo's (1993) research on the Job Anxiety Questionnaire's factorial structure in a multioccupational sample (n=142). Moreover, the psychometric properties of the hypothesized subscales have been studied. On the one hand, the results show that, in the current study, the hypothesized factor structure presents a lightly worse fit, to the observed data (RMSR = 0.114). On the other hand, the factor loadings in both studies show that the behavioral items are the most unstable. Finally, the results about internal consistency and construct validity are consistent with those reparted by Espejo (1993). Whereas internal consistency for the cognitive and physiological subscales is satisfactory in both studies, internal consistency for the behavioral subscale is moderate. Finally the correlation pattern found between the three subscales and some job-related variables as role conflict, role clarity and job satisfaction, is very similar to that obtained by Espejo. In all, these correlational results provide empirical support for the construct validity of the subscales

2D Black Phosphorus: Exfoliation, Protection, Intercalation, and Emergent Applications

This thesis lays the groundwork for the experimental preparation of Black Phosphorus (BP) using liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) as well as for the fundamental understanding of its reactivity, protecting it with organic ligands (OLs) or activating it with alkali metals (AMs). Hence, the central objectives of this thesis are categorized into four main axes: 1) LPE of BP, 2) stabilization of BP through the noncovalent functionalization with OLs, 3) activation of BP with AMs leading to black phosphorus intercalation compounds (BPICs), and 4) application of BP and BPICs in catalysis

Characterization and prediction of gambling behavior in adolescents using the COM-B model

Gambling is an international phenomenon, posing a serious threat to adolescents who begin gambling at a young age. This study aims, to explore gambling behavior in adolescents and interpret its risk factors. We conducted a three-waves cohort longitudinal study assessing gambling and associated risk factors in south-eastern Spain. Data were analyzed using the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, Behavior (COM-B) model and the partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) technique. Gambling was measured by frequency and money spent; associated factors were knowledge about gambling, parental attitude towards gambling, risk perception, normative perception, and intention to gamble. These items were assigned as indicators of each construct of the COM-B model—capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior—using the theoretical domains framework. Once the behavior was performed, feedback on future capability, opportunity, and motivation was observed. Results show that capability, determined by past experience, and opportunity, determined by parental attitudes, motivates adolescents to seek gambling experiences in the future. Identifying such factors that affect gambling behavior in adolescents and establishing relationships between them through a robust theoretical model is essential for designing effective interventions

Impulsividad y búsqueda de sensaciones como predictores del consumo de drogas en adolescentes: Un estudio longitudinal

Los primeros consumos de tabaco y alcohol se establecen en la segunda mitad de los 13 años, mientras que para el cannabis se sitúan un año más tarde. Una minoría de adolescentes comienza a consumir antes y lo hace con mayor frecuencia. Existe evidencia que relaciona los rasgos de personalidad impulsividad y búsqueda de sensaciones con el inicio de consumo de sustancias precoz. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios con un diseño longitudinal que analizan esta relación. El objetivo fue determinar si los rasgos de personalidad impulsividad y búsqueda de sensaciones predicen el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis. Participaron 126 adolescentes (57% eran niñas) entre 12 y 13 años (M =12.17; DT = .53) en la 1ª evaluación y fueron seguidos durante 12 meses. Se evaluaron los rasgos de personalidad: impulsividad (Escala de Impulsividad de Plutchik y Escala SEDDAR), y búsqueda de sensaciones (BSSS-8 y Escala SEDDAR). Un año después se evaluó la intensidad y frecuencia del consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis mediante la encuesta ESPAD. La impulsividad en la primera medida (T1) mostró puntuaciones significativamente más altas para los consumidores de tabaco (p = .01, d = .71) y de cannabis (p = .004, d = .90) en el año siguiente (T2). Las puntuaciones de búsqueda de sensaciones en T1 fueron un buen predictor del consumo de cannabis en T2 (p ≤ .001, d = 1.15). Se discute la conveniencia de que los programas de prevención selectiva incluyan componentes dirigidos a regular la impulsividad y la búsqueda de sensaciones y promover el pensamiento reflexivo.Impulsiveness and sensation seeking as drug use predictors among adolescents: A longitudinal study. The first engagement of tobacco use and alcohol consumption is established at year 13.5, meanwhile the first encounter of using the substance marijuana takes place one year later (at age 14.5). A minority of adolescents begin to consume before and more frequently. There is evidence that relates personality traits impulsiveness and sensation seeking with the early consumption onset. However, few studies using a longitudinal design have analyzed this relationship. The aim was to determine how extent these personality traits that can predict the alcohol, tobacco and cannabis abuse. One hundred and twenty-six adolescents aged 12 and 13 years (M =12.17; SD = .53) (57% girls) were evaluated and followed after 12 months. Impulsiveness (Plutchik and SEDDAR Scales) and sensation seeking (BSSS-8 and SEDDAR Scales), traits were measured. Intensity and frequency of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use were assessed one year later. Impulsiveness in the first measure (T1) showed significantly higher scores for tobacco (p = .01, d = .71) and cannabis users (p = .004, d = .90) in the following year (T2). Sensation seeking scores in T1 was a good predictor of cannabis use in T2 (p ≤ .001, d = 1.15). It is discussed the need of selective prevention programs that include components aimed at regulating impulsivity and sensation seeking to promote reflective thinking

Docència per a l’obtenció del certificat de Capacitació en valencià a través dels estudis de Grau de Mestre: assignatures de competència professional

El present article resumeix a grans trets les tasques dutes a terme des de la Xarxa «Docència per a la capacitació en valencià: assignatures de competència professional» (3003), motivades en essència per una sèrie de canvis en la legislació educativa que han obligat a reformular algunes de les assignatures dels itineraris de Capacitació que s’ofereixen dins els plans d’estudis de Mestre de la Facultat d’Educació. En aquestes línies es detalla allò més ressenyable quant al disseny i procés de confecció de les guies docents de dues noves assignatures transversals d’impartició imminent (curs acadèmic 2014-2015) que substituiran el gruix de l’optativitat en valencià impartida pel Departament de Filologia Catalana dins les titulacions de Grau d’Educació Infantil i Grau d’Educació Primària de la Universitat d’Alacant. També s’hi descriu la reorientació d’una altra assignatura ―en aquest cas, de formació bàsica i exclusiva de l’àmbit de l’educació infantil―, arran també dels canvis en l’optativitat adés advertits. En suma: s’hi detalla el seguiment reglat i continuat d’aquests processos per tal de garantir la correcta reestructuració dels continguts i la resta d’elements (requisits lingüístics, pràctiques sense encavallaments, processos de seguiment, criteris d’avaluació, etc.) que integren cada guia docent

Seasonal and spatial variability in condition of age-0+ Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933, in the San Jorge Gulf (Argentina): A bottom-up perspective

In the north Patagonian region of the Argentinean Continental Shelf, the San Jorge Gulf (SJG; 45°‐47°S, 65°30ʹ‐67°30ʹW) is the main nursery ground of age‐0+ Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933, one of the most important fishery resources in Argentina. The gulf exhibits strong seasonal and spatial fluctuations in environmental features, which might affect survival of age‐0+ individuals and recruitment to the adult population. Our main goal was to evaluate the seasonal and spatial dynamics of their nutritional status within the SJG in winter 2016, spring 2016 and summer 2017. Condition indices (relative condition factor Kn, hepatosomatic index HSI and liver lipid content %L) and diet information (feeding incidence and relative importance of prey) were combined with physical (temperature and salinity) and biological (satellite chlorophyll‐a concentration; chl‐a) data. Age‐0+ condition indices and prey intake showed significant seasonal variations, with minimum values in winter, intermediate in summer and maximum in spring, strongly coupled to the mean chl‐a concentration in each season. Herbivorous euphausiids Euphausia spp. were the preferred prey along the study period. A bottom‐up effect on condition of age‐0+ hake is suggested, manifested as lower condition values in winter, the less productive season. Spatially, better conditioned individuals matched sectors of the gulf where chl‐a concentrations were higher, coupled to the presence of frontal systems. Monitoring age‐0+ hake nutritional status is relevant in the current global change scenario, which might modify phytoplankton biomass and composition and, consequently, the herbivorous zooplankton abundances.Fil: Temperoni, Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Massa, Agueda Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Martos, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; ArgentinaFil: Marrari, Marina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. Departamento Oceanografía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217

A modern network approach to revisiting the positive and negative affective schedule (PANAS) construct validity

Introduction: The factor structure of the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) is still a topic of debate. There are several reasons why using Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) for scale validation is advantageous and can help understand and resolve conflicting results in the factor analytic literature. Objective: The main objective of the present study was to advance the knowledge regarding the factor structure underlying the PANAS scores by utilizing the different functionalities of the EGA method. EGA was used to (1) estimate the dimensionality of the PANAS scores, (2) establish the stability of the dimensionality estimate and of the item assignments into the dimensions, and (3) assess the impact of potential redundancies across item pairs on the dimensionality and structure of the PANAS scores. Method: This assessment was carried out across two studies that included two large samples of participants. Results and Conclusion: In sum, the results are consistent with a two-factor oblique structure.Fil: Flores Kanter, Pablo Ezequiel. Universidad Empresarial Siglo XXI; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garrido, Luis Eduardo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra; República DominicanaFil: Moretti, Luciana Sofía. Universidad Empresarial Siglo XXI; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra; República Dominicana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Medrano, Leonardo. Universidad Empresarial Siglo XXI; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra; República Dominicana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin