Assessment of Dentinal Tubules Penetration by Hyben X Delivered into the Root Canal System as an Irrigant; An in Vitro Study

Introduction: Disinfection of the root canal system is crucial for a successful endodontic treatment. Several factors influence the performance of effective irrigation. Diverse irrigating substances have been used but none has proved to completely penetrate the root canal system. HybenX dries biofilm due to its hygroscopic properties; therefore, it is effective in the treatment of biofilm-related diseases. This investigation aimed to estimate HybenX’s degree of penetration into the dentinal tubules of upper first premolars. Materials and Methods: Experimental in vitro intervention where 30 extracted maxillary premolars were evaluated to determine HybenX’s degree of penetration and 5% sodium hypochlorite in the dentinal tubules using three different irrigation techniques (passive ultrasonic irrigation, dynamic manual irrigation and conventional single jet irrigation technique). After preparation, the root canals were irrigated with fluorescent rhodamine 6G; then 500-micrometer sections were made to be analyzed under a fluorescence microscope. Measurements were made in micrometer in ZEN software to determine the penetration degree of each substance in the different root thirds. Results: In the apical third, significant differences between the 3 irrigation techniques were found (P<0.05), similarly, for the middle and cervical thirds. Significant statistical differences between the HybenX and sodium hypochlorite were found at the cervical and middle levels when using the conventional Monoject irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation techniques. As for the apical level, differences were found between the passive ultrasonic irrigation techniques and the dynamic manual irrigation technique. Conclusions: Based on this in vitro study, HybenX proved to highly penetrate into the dentinal tubules, especially when using the passive ultrasonic irrigation technique. HybenX may be a useful option for root canal irrigation in endodontics

Microbiological Characterization of the Biofilms Colonizing Bioplastics in Natural Marine Conditions: A Comparison between PHBV and PLA

Biodegradable polymers offer a potential solution to marine pollution caused by plastic waste. The marine biofilms that formed on the surfaces of poly(lactide acid) (PLA) and poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were studied. Bioplastics were exposed for 6 months to marine conditions in the Mediterranean Sea, and the biofilms that formed on their surfaces were assessed. The presence of specific PLA and PHBV degraders was also studied. PHBV showed extensive areas with microbial accumulations and this led to higher microbial surface densities than PLA (4.75 vs. 5.16 log CFU/cm2 ). Both polymers’ surfaces showed a wide variety of microbial structures, including bacteria, fungi, unicellular algae and choanoflagellates. A high bacterial diversity was observed, with differences between the two polymers, particularly at the phylum level, with over 70% of bacteria affiliated to three phyla. Differences in metagenome functions were also detected, revealing a higher presence of proteins involved in PHBV biodegradation in PHBV biofilms. Four bacterial isolates belonging to the Proteobacteria class were identified as PHBV degraders, demonstrating the presence of species involved in the biodegradation of this polymer in seawater. No PLA degraders were detected, confirming its low biodegradability in marine environments. This was a pilot study to establish a baseline for further studies aimed at comprehending the marine biodegradation of biopolymers

Burdigalian deposits of the Santa Cruz formation in the Sierra Baguales, austral (magallanes) basin: Age, depositional environment and vertebrate fossils

A succession of marine and continental strata on the southern flank of Cerro Cono in the Sierra Baguales, northeast of Torres del Paine, can be correlated with stratigraphic units exposed along the southern border of the Lago Argentino region in Santa Cr

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Direct Detection of Rifampin- and Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Auramine-Rhodamine-Positive Sputum Specimens by Real-Time PCR

Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of a molecular assay based on a real-time PCR technique, carried out with a LightCycler instrument (Roche Biochemicals), to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and to detect rifampin and isoniazid resistance in DNA extracts from sputum samples. We studied three genes: rpoB, which is associated with rifampin resistance, and katG and inhA, which are associated with isoniazid resistance. A total of 205 sputum samples collected from 108 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis with positive auramine-rhodamine-staining (AR) sputum samples, were tested. The sensitivities of the LightCycler PCR assay for the positive AR specimens was 97.5% (200 of 205) for rpoB and inhA genes and 96.5% (198 of 205) for the katG gene. For the total number of patients tested, the sensitivity was 100% (108 of 108 patients) for rifampin, whereas the sensitivity was 98.1% (106 of 108 patients) for isoniazid. Full agreement was found with the Bactec MGIT 960 method and the genotype inferred from the LightCycler data for rifampin. The phenotypic method for isoniazid reported 13 resistant strains (≥0.1 μg/ml). In seven (53.8%) strains there was a concordance between both methods, but we found that six (46.2%) strains reported as resistant by the phenotypic method were determined to be susceptible by real-time PCR. For the 75 strains reported as susceptible by the phenotypic method, the concordance with the LightCycler data was 100%. Our results demonstrate that rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis could be detected in DNA extracted from auramine-rhodamine-positive sputum samples in a single-tube assay that took less than 3 h to perform for a collection of auramine-rhodamine-positive specimens obtained from patients with culture-documented pulmonary tuberculosis. Similarly, this occurs in half of the isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis DNA extracted from auramine-rhodamine-positive specimens

PvAMA1-MSP1: A novel chimeric recombinant protein for the evaluation of serological responses in the Peruvian Amazonia

BACKGROUND: Serological markers have been proposed as alternative tools to monitor and assess malaria intensity in unstable and low transmission settings. It is recommended to use multiple antigens for optimizing the sensitivity of the antibody detection against Plasmodium species and determining past malaria exposure. This work aimed to evaluate the antibody reactivity against a novel chimeric protein containing the Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA-166) ectodomain and the 19 kDa carboxyl fragment of the Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP119) of. Plasmodium vivax (PvAMA166-MSP119) on dried blood samples (DBS) from individuals living in the Peruvian Amazon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 823 DBS on filter paper were collected from individuals living in the Mazan district, and analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure P. vivax immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses. Three antigens were used in the analysis: PvAMA1, PvMSP119, and their chimaera. To ensure a standardization of the sample results across ELISA plates, the percent positivity (PP) of each sample was calculated using the OD of the positive control serum as 100%. Then, the cut-off of PPs for seropositivity (indicating malaria exposure) was generated using a mixture model. Kappa (k) was used to evaluate agreement between serological results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of seropositivity according to the antigen used was: 27.2% (n=224) for PvMSP119, 33.7% (n=277) for PvAMA1, and 33.9% (n= 279) for PvAMA166-MSP119. Seropositivity to any of both independent antigens (PvMSP119 and/or PvAMA1) was 39.6% (n=326). An almost perfect agreement (k=0.867, p<0.001) was found between seropositivity levels to the chimeric protein PvAMA166-MSP119 and those to any of both independent antigens (PvMSP119 and/or PvAMA1). The results suggests that antibody responses to the novel recombinant protein PvAMA166-PvMSP119 provide similar information about malaria exposure than antibody responses to both single antigens, with the advantage of processing only one ELISA analysis per sample instead of performing two separated analyses per sample with single antigens

Ética y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial - AH45 - 202201

Descripción: A lo largo del curso, el estudiante conocerá el modelo del manejo de los dilemas éticos empresariales de Joseph Badaracco y lo aplicará a diversas situaciones. Igualmente, se familiarizará con las herramientas necesarias para la gestión ética en las empresas, con especial énfasis en la herramienta de Mapeo Stakeholders y la ISO 26000 de Responsabilidad Social. Este curso está diseñado para que el estudiante conozca y discuta los fundamentos de la ética para los negocios, las razones de la creciente importancia que este campo ha tenido en los últimos años, las principales teorías que orientan la toma de decisiones y los modelos básicos de sostenibilidad, responsabilidad social empresarial y ciudadanía corporativa. También se explorará en el concepto de empresas B. Propósito: Ética y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial es un curso transversal en la Facultad de Negocios, de carácter teórico práctico y está dirigido a los estudiantes del décimo ciclo. Esta asignatura enfatiza el desarrollo de la 1competencia genérica de la UPC, Ciudadanía en el nivel 3, y la competencia específica de la Facultad, Dirección de Personas, en nivel 3