Dificultades para la recuperación de garantías hipotecarias en el Perú

Analizan los procesos de recuperación de las garantías hipotecarias en el Perú, dada su importancia para el desarrollo del sistema financiero.

Modelos de indicadores líderes de actividad económica para el Perú

El objetivo de la presente investigación es construir dos indicadores líderes para la economía peruana: Uno que anticipe los turning points o puntos de quiebre del ciclo de la actividad económica y otro que anticipe la trayectoria del ciclo de actividad económica. Para ello, se emplean las metodologías sugeridas por The Conference Board y Auerbach, respectivamente. En la metodología de The Conference Board el énfasis se ha centrado en la predicción temprana de los puntos de quiebre. El poder de predicción de este indicador líder fue evaluado por dos caminos alternativos. Por una parte, se hizo un uso simultáneo del indicador líder y del índice de difusión, con lo que se halló una regla práctica para identificar en forma anticipada las recesiones y expansiones en la economía peruana. Por otro lado, se acudió a la teoría de probabilidades de turning points. Por otro lado, en la metodología de Auerbach se ha tenido especial cuidado en el significado económico de las series que integran el índice compuesto, en la conformación parsimoniosa, en el ajuste con respecto a la serie del PBI y en la bondad de predicción.

Experiencias internacionales en la ejecución de garantías Hipotecarias

Revisan los procesos de recuperación de las garantías hipotecarias que se dan en los Estados Unidos de América y en algunos países latinoamericanos para extraer posibles recomendaciones de política.

Precios y políticas de medicamentos en el Perú

El presente estudio aborda la temática de la fijación de los precios de los medicamentos en el Perú. Por un lado, se distinguen los medicamentos de marca, patentados por un laboratorio, los cuales presentan precios por encima de los registrados en otros países y que son los que dominan el mercado nacional. Por otro lado, los medicamentos genéricos, de menor precio, no están adecuadamente difundidos a causa del incumplimiento en lo referente a las normas de prescripción. En este sentido, hay margen para reducir el precio de las medicinas siempre que se haga cumplir la legislación nacional vigente.

La Antártida y el cambio climático

Presentación realizada en: Jornada sobre la Antártida, celebrada el 28 de enero de 2019 en la sede central de AEMET en Madri

A characterisation and evaluation of urban areas from an energy efficiency approach, using Geographic Information Systems in combination with Life Cycle Assessment methodology

The retrofitting of less energy efficient building stock represents one of the most significant challenges in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Nowadays, the housing sector represents about 40% of the energy consumption in the European Union. In this regard, the level of insulation installed in buildings is directly related to the energy efficiency of the building, and consequently to the urban area. In addition, several studies have shown that a comprehensive perspective of energy efficiency is needed, together with calculating the importance of introducing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to: first, measure the energy efficiency level of specific urban areas and their buildings using a geospatial model in an integral perspective; and second, the environmental impact caused by the refurbishment of these building façades using a LCA method. On the one hand, according to a bottom-up framework the quantitative and qualitative characterisation of the building stock façade at the urban scale is possible generating a georeferenced spatial data model of buildings using Geographic Information Systems. On the other hand, the environmental impact of the most usual constructive solutions to refurbishment building façades is calculated using the LCA methodology. The results obtained are merged and interpolated to the urban scale. The methodology is tested for the case study of blocks of flats in Barcelona using the open data of building stock from the Spanish Government. Firstly, this methodology provides more information in regard to urban areas as well as calculating their energy efficiency. Secondly, the study measures the renovation impact of the less efficient buildings. Finally, the results provide the basis for supporting decisions on building stock retrofitting for urban scale from a new approach, especially making the selection between various renovation scenarios much clearer

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancy

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that often affects women during childbearing age. Pregnant women with SLE are considered high-risk patients, with pregnancy outcomes being complicated by high maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Obstetric morbidity includes preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and neonatal lupus syndromes. Active SLE during conception is a strong predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes and exacerbations of disease can occur more frequently during gestation. Therefore, management of maternal SLE should include preventive strategies to minimize disease activity and to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Patients with active disease at time of conception have increased risk of flares, like lupus nephritis, imposing a careful differential diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, keeping in mind that physiological changes of pregnancy may mimic a lupus flare. Major complications arise when anti-phospholipid antibodies are present, like recurrent pregnancy loss, stillbirth, FGR, and thrombosis in the mother. A multidisciplinary approach is hence crucial and should be initiated to all women with SLE at childbearing age with an adequate preconception counseling with assessment of risk factors for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes with a tight pregnancy monitoring plan. Although treatment choices are limited during pregnancy, prophylactic anti-aggregation and anticoagulation agents have proven beneficial in reducing thrombotic events and pre-eclampsia related morbidity. Pharmacological therapy should be tailored, allowing better outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulators, must be effective in controlling disease activity and safe during pregnancy. Hydroxychloroquine is the main therapy for SLE due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects recommended before and during pregnancy and other immunosuppressive drugs (e.g. azathioprine and calcineurin inhibitors) are used to control disease activity in order to improve obstetrical outcomes. Managing a maternal SLE is a challenging task, but an early approach with multidisciplinary team with close monitoring is essential and can improve maternal and fetal outcomes

La inserción de la estrategia curricular medioambiental en la práctica laboral.

El trabajo desarrollado por Cuba en función de la preservación del medioambiente constituye una importante fortaleza dentro de los países de América Latina. Para el logro de lo anterior el estado cubano aprobó una estrategia nacional dentro de la cual las universidades, las instituciones gubernamentales y los distintos actores políticos y sociales a todos los niveles, estrechan vínculos para su aplicación exitosa e influir positivamente en el desarrollo económico y social del país. El artículo está enmarcado dentro de las nuevas tendencias e instrumentos del Ministerio de la Educación Superior. Se concibió para dar cumplimiento a la estrategia curricular medioambiental en la disciplina de Contabilidad de Costo, a través de la actividad práctica del contador

High resolution climate change projections for the Pyrenees region

Número monográfico dedicado al "19th EMS Annual Meeting: European Conference for Applied Meteorology and Climatology 2019".The Pyrenees, located in the transition zone of Atlantic and Mediterranean climates, constitute a paradigmatic example of mountains undergoing rapid changes in environmental conditions, with potential impact on the availability of water resources, mainly for downstream populations. High-resolution probabilistic climate change projections for precipitation and temperature are a crucial element for stakeholders to make well-informed decisions on adaptation to new climate conditions. In this line, we have generated high–resolution climate projections for 21st century by applying two statistical downscaling methods (regression for max and min temperatures, and analogue for precipitation) over the Pyrenees region in the frame of the CLIMPY project over a new high-resolution (5 km × 5 km) observational grid using 24 climate models from CMIP5. The application of statistical downscaling to such a high resolution observational grid instead of station data partially circumvent the problems associated to the non-uniform distribution of observational in situ data. This new high resolution projections database based on statistical algorithms complements the widely used EUROCORDEX data based on dynamical downscaling and allows to identify features that are dependent on the particular downscaling method. In our analysis, we not only focus on maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation changes but also on changes in some relevant extreme indexes, being 1986–2005 the reference period. Although climate models predict a general increase in temperature extremes for the end of the 21st century, the exact spatial distribution of changes in temperature and much more in precipitation remains uncertain as they are strongly model dependent. Besides, for precipitation, the uncertainty associated to models can mask – depending on the zones- the signal of change. However, the large number of downscaled models and the high resolution of the used grid allow us to provide differential information at least at massif level. The impact of the RCP becomes significant for the second half of the 21st century, with changes – differentiated by massifs – of extreme temperatures and analysed associated extreme indexes for RCP8.5 at the end of the century.The CLIMPY project (EFA081/15) is under the umbrella of the Pyrenees Climate Change Observatory (OPCCCTP), and it has a 65 % funding by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Interreg Programme V-A SpainFrance-Andorra (POCTEFA 2014–2020). More information: https: //www.opcc-ctp.org/en/climpy (last access: 26 September 2020)

A pharmacogenetic intervention for the improvement of the safety profile of antipsychotic treatments

Antipsychotic drugs fail to achieve adequate response in 30-50% of treated patients and about 50% of them develop severe and lasting side effects. Treatment failure results in poorer prognosis with devastating repercussions for the patients, carers and broader society. Our study evaluated the clinical benefits of a pharmacogenetic intervention for the personalisation of antipsychotic treatment. Pharmacogenetic information in key CYP polymorphisms was used to adjust clinical doses in a group of patients who started or switched treatment with antipsychotic drugs (PharmG+, N = 123), and their results were compared with those of a group of patients treated following existing clinical guides (PharmG−, N = 167). There was no evidence of significant differences in side effects between the two arms. Although patients who had their antipsychotic dose adjusted according to CYPs polymorphisms (PharmG+) had a bigger reduction in side effects than those treated as usual (PharmG−), the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). However, PharmG+ patients treated with CYP2D6 substrates that were carriers of CYP2D6 UMs or PMs variants showed a significantly higher improvement in global, psychic and other UKU side effects than PharmG− patients (p = 0.02, p = 0.05 and p = 0.01, respectively). PharmG+ clozapine treated patients with CYP1A2 or CYP2C19 UM and PMs variants also showed higher reductions in UKU scores than PharmG− clozapine patients in general. However, those differences were not statistically significant. Pharmacogenetic interventions may improve the safety of antipsychotic treatments by reducing associated side effects. This intervention may be particularly useful when considering treatment with antipsychotics with one major metabolic pathway, and therefore more susceptible to be affected by functional variants of CYP enzymes