1,485 research outputs found
Importance of characterising sleep breaks within the 24-h movement behaviour framework
Accelerometers measure the acceleration of the body part they are attached and allow to estimate time spent in activity levels (sedentary behaviour, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and sleep over a 24-h period for several consecutive days. These advantages come with the challenges to analyse the large amount of data while integrating dimensions of both physical activity/sedentary behaviour and sleep domains. This commentary raises the questions of 1) how to classify sleep breaks (i.e. wake after sleep onset) during the night within the 24-h movement behaviour framework and 2) how to assess their impact on health while also accounting for night time sleep duration and time in sedentary behaviour and physical activity during the day. The authors advocate for future collaborations between researchers from the physical activity/sedentary behaviour and sleep research fields to ensure appropriate analysis and interpretation of the tremendous amount of data recorded by the newer generation accelerometers. This is the only way forward to provide meaningfully accurate evidence to inform future 24-h movement behaviour guidelines
Higher Order Integrability in Generalized Holonomy
Supersymmetric backgrounds in M-theory often involve four-form flux in
addition to pure geometry. In such cases, the classification of supersymmetric
vacua involves the notion of generalized holonomy taking values in SL(32,R),
the Clifford group for eleven-dimensional spinors. Although previous
investigations of generalized holonomy have focused on the curvature
\Rm_{MN}(\Omega) of the generalized SL(32,R) connection \Omega_M, we
demonstrate that this local information is incomplete, and that satisfying the
higher order integrability conditions is an essential feature of generalized
holonomy. We also show that, while this result differs from the case of
ordinary Riemannian holonomy, it is nevertheless compatible with the
Ambrose-Singer holonomy theorem.Comment: 19 pages, Late
Accelerometry analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults: a systematic review and data analysis
Accelerometers objectively monitor physical activity and sedentary patterns and are increasingly used in the research setting. It is important to maintain consistency in data analysis and reporting, therefore, we: (1) systematically identified studies using accelerometry (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in older adults, and (2) based on the review findings, we used different cut-points obtained to analyze accelerometry data from a sample of community-dwelling older women. We identified 59 articles with cut-points ranging between 574 and 3,250 counts/min for MVPA and 50 and 500 counts/min for sedentary time. Using these cut-points and data from women (mean age, 70 years), the median MVPA minutes per day ranged between 4 and 80 min while percentage of sedentary time per day ranged between 62 % and 86 %. These data highlight (1) the importance of reporting detailed information on the analysis assumptions and (2) that results can differ greatly depending on analysis parameters.E. Gorman, H. M. Hanson, P. H. Yang, K. M. Khan, T. Liu-Ambrose, M. C. Ash
Higher intensity walking improves global cognition during inpatient rehabilitation: A secondary analysis of a randomized control trial
Cognitive deficits are common poststroke. Cognitive rehabilitation is typically used to improve cognitive deficits. It is unknown whether higher doses of exercise to promote motor recovery influence cognitive outcomes. Our recent trial, Determining Optimal Post-Stroke Exercise (DOSE), shows more than double the steps and aerobic minutes can be achieved during inpatient rehabilitation versus usual care, and translates to improved long-term walking outcomes. Thus, the secondary analysis aim was to determine the effect of the DOSE protocol on cognitive outcomes over 1-year poststroke. The DOSE protocol progressively increased step number and aerobic minutes during inpatient stroke rehabilitation over 20 sessions. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Trail Making Test B were completed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6- and 12-months poststroke, administered using standardized guidelines. Using the DOSE data, we used mixed-effect spline regression to model participants\u27 trajectories of cognitive recovery, controlling for relevant covariates. Participants (Usual Car
Combining exercise with cognitive training and vitamin D
Changes in functional brain connectivity (FBC) may indicate how lifestyle modifications can prevent the progression to dementia; FBC identifies areas that are spatially separate but temporally synchronized in their activation and is altered in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal state between healthy cognitive aging and dementia. Participants with MCI were randomly assigned to one of five study arms. Three times per week for 20-weeks, participants performed 30-min of (control) cognitive training, followed by 60-min of (control) physical exercise. Additionally, a vitamin
The impact and effectiveness of the general public wearing masks to reduce the spread of pandemics in the UK: a multidisciplinary comparison of single-use masks versus reusable face masks
During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the UK government mandated the use of face masks in various public settings and recommended the use of reusable masks to combat shortages of medically graded single-use masks in healthcare. To assist decision-making on the choice of masks for future pandemics, where shortages may not be a contributing factor, the University College London (UCL) Plastic Waste Innovation Hub has carried out a multidisciplinary comparison between single-use and reusable masks based on their anatomy, standalone effectiveness, behavioural considerations, environmental impact and costs. Although current single-use masks have a higher standalone effectiveness against bacteria and viruses, studies show that reusable masks have adequate performance in slowing infection rates of respiratory viruses. Material flow analysis (MFA), life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost comparison show that reusable masks have a lower environmental and economic impact than single-use masks. If every person in the UK uses one single-use mask each day for a year, it will create a total of 124,000 tonnes of waste, 66,000 tonnes of which would be unrecyclable contaminated plastic waste (the masks), with the rest being the recyclable packaging typically used for transportation and distribution of masks. Using reusable masks creates >85% less waste, generates 3.5 times lower impact on climate change and incurs 3.7 times lower costs. Further behavioural research is necessary to understand the extent and current practices of mask use; and how these practices affect mask effectiveness in reducing infection rates. Wearing single-use masks may be preferred over reusable masks due to perceptions of increased hygiene and convenience. Understanding behaviour towards the regular machine-washing of reusable masks for their effective reuse is key to maximise their public health benefits and minimise environmental and economic costs
Study of and
The decays and have been
investigated with a sample of 225.2 million events collected with the
BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The branching fractions are
determined to be and . Distributions of the angle
between the proton or anti-neutron and the beam direction are well
described by the form , and we find
for and
for . Our branching-fraction
results suggest a large phase angle between the strong and electromagnetic
amplitudes describing the decay.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, the 2nd version, submitted to PR
Precision measurement of the branching fractions of J/psi -> pi+pi-pi0 and psi' -> pi+pi-pi0
We study the decays of the J/psi and psi' mesons to pi+pi-pi0 using data
samples at both resonances collected with the BES III detector in 2009. We
measure the corresponding branching fractions with unprecedented precision and
provide mass spectra and Dalitz plots. The branching fraction for J/psi ->
pi+pi-pi0 is determined to be (2.137 +- 0.004 (stat.) +0.058-0.056 (syst.)
+0.027-0.026 (norm.))*10-2, and the branching fraction for psi' -> pi+pi-pi0 is
measured as (2.14 +- 0.03 (stat.) +0.08-0.07 (syst.) +0.09-0.08 (norm.))*10-4.
The J/psi decay is found to be dominated by an intermediate rho(770) state,
whereas the psi' decay is dominated by di-pion masses around 2.2 GeV/c2,
leading to strikingly different Dalitz distributions.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
First observation of the M1 transition
Using a sample of 106 million \psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII
detector at the BEPCII storage ring, we have made the first measurement of the
M1 transition between the radially excited charmonium S-wave spin-triplet and
the radially excited S-wave spin-singlet states: \psi(3686)\to\gamma\eta_c(2S).
Analyses of the processes \psi(2S)\to \gamma\eta_c(2S) with \eta_c(2S)\to
\K_S^0 K\pi and K^+K^-\pi^0 gave an \eta_c(2S) signal with a statistical
significance of greater than 10 standard deviations under a wide range of
assumptions about the signal and background properties. The data are used to
obtain measurements of the \eta_c(2S) mass (M(\eta_c(2S))=3637.6\pm
2.9_\mathrm{stat}\pm 1.6_\mathrm{sys} MeV/c^2), width
(\Gamma(\eta_c(2S))=16.9\pm 6.4_\mathrm{stat}\pm 4.8_\mathrm{sys} MeV), and the
product branching fraction (\BR(\psi(3686)\to \gamma\eta_c(2S))\times
\BR(\eta_c(2S)\to K\bar K\pi) = (1.30\pm 0.20_\mathrm{stat}\pm
0.30_\mathrm{sys})\times 10^{-5}). Combining our result with a BaBar
measurement of \BR(\eta_c(2S)\to K\bar K \pi), we find the branching fraction
of the M1 transition to be \BR(\psi(3686)\to\gamma\eta_c(2S)) = (6.8\pm
1.1_\mathrm{stat}\pm 4.5_\mathrm{sys})\times 10^{-4}.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl
Two-photon widths of the states and helicity analysis for \chi_{c2}\ar\gamma\gamma}
Based on a data sample of 106 M events collected with the
BESIII detector, the decays \psi^{\prime}\ar\gamma\chi_{c0, 2},\chi_{c0,
2}\ar\gamma\gamma are studied to determine the two-photon widths of the
states. The two-photon decay branching fractions are determined
to be {\cal B}(\chi_{c0}\ar\gamma\gamma) = (2.24\pm 0.19\pm 0.12\pm
0.08)\times 10^{-4} and {\cal B}(\chi_{c2}\ar\gamma\gamma) = (3.21\pm 0.18\pm
0.17\pm 0.13)\times 10^{-4}. From these, the two-photon widths are determined
to be keV,
keV, and
, where the uncertainties
are statistical, systematic, and those from the PDG {\cal
B}(\psi^{\prime}\ar\gamma\chi_{c0,2}) and errors,
respectively. The ratio of the two-photon widths for helicity and
helicity components in the decay \chi_{c2}\ar\gamma\gamma is
measured for the first time to be .Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
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