5 research outputs found
TOOL FOR RESEARCHING THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM OF METAL-CUTTING MACHINE
Dynamic characteristics of the system flexibility of the machine affect the accuracy of machining, so the study of this problem is very important. Fluctuations of the machine elements significantly affect the error of the shape of the workpiece. The quality of the processing is determined not so much by the static displacements between the tool and the workpiece but the stability of the machine system as a whole. There are many solutions of vibroacoustic diagnostics devices for machines and machine-tools in the related publications. Defects in the spectrum of vibroacustic signals are found in the process of manufacturing and assembling machines in the form of discrete components, parameters of which are used in vibroacoustic diagnostics as informative diagnostic features. Along with that there is, but not so common, another type of dynamic system analysis of the machine, which can be carried out by experimental methods, or, in particular, by simulating the perturbation of a dynamic system by cutting forces of special type. Imitated disturbance is carried out by using a tool of a special form. During the processing cutting edges of the tool create a pseudorandom process with certain statistical characteristics, in particular, the correlation function. The proposed design of the tool makes it possible to perform the research of frequency parameters of the dynamic system of the machine without complex loading devices.Dynamic characteristics of the system flexibility of the machine affect the accuracy of machining, so the study of this problem is very important. Fluctuations of the machine elements significantly affect the error of the shape of the workpiece. The quality of the processing is determined not so much by the static displacements between the tool and the workpiece but the stability of the machine system as a whole. There are many solutions of vibroacoustic diagnostics devices for machines and machine-tools in the related publications. Defects in the spectrum of vibroacustic signals are found in the process of manufacturing and assembling machines in the form of discrete components, parameters of which are used in vibroacoustic diagnostics as informative diagnostic features. Along with that there is, but not so common, another type of dynamic system analysis of the machine, which can be carried out by experimental methods, or, in particular, by simulating the perturbation of a dynamic system by cutting forces of special type. Imitated disturbance is carried out by using a tool of a special form. During the processing cutting edges of the tool create a pseudorandom process with certain statistical characteristics, in particular, the correlation function. The proposed design of the tool makes it possible to perform the research of frequency parameters of the dynamic system of the machine without complex loading devices
Tool for Researching the Dynamic System of Metal-cutting Machine
Dynamic characteristics of the system flexibility of the machine affect the accuracy of machining, so the study of this problem is very important. Fluctuations of the machine elements significantly affect the error of the shape of the workpiece. The quality of the processing is determined not so much by the static displacements between the tool and the workpiece but the stability of the machine system as a whole. There are many solutions of vibroacoustic diagnostics devices for machines and machine-tools in the related publications. Defects in the spectrum of vibroacustic signals are found in the process of manufacturing and assembling machines in the form of discrete components, parameters of which are used in vibroacoustic diagnostics as informative diagnostic features. Along with that there is, but not so common, another type of dynamic system analysis of the machine, which can be carried out by experimental methods, or, in particular, by simulating the perturbation of a dynamic system by cutting forces of special type. Imitated disturbance is carried out by using a tool of a special form. During the processing cutting edges of the tool create a pseudorandom process with certain statistical characteristics, in particular, the correlation function. The proposed design of the tool makes it possible to perform the research of frequency parameters of the dynamic system of the machine without complex loading devices
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ βΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
The results of the study of the hardness characteristics of the collet-part lathe system, which are essentially nonlinear and influence the damping parameters of the spindle assembly unit, are presented. The aim of the work is to study the characteristics of the nonlinear hardness of the elements of the collet-part technological system. In order to realize this aim, in the course of experimental research, static and dynamic characteristics of the spindle core hardness are defined, which are looped hysteresis curves that are characteristic of mechanical systems with a large number of bonds. Measurements of nonlinear parameters of the hardness of the collet-part system are carried out. Measurements are made according to the original method. The basis of the technique is the multi-cycle static load of the spindle in the processing zone in the direction of the vector of the dynamic component of the cutting force by the developed equipment. The equipment includes a screw loader, a two-way ring dynamometer and a mandrel fitted in the spindle of the machine. As a result of the research, the features of the nonlinear characteristics of the hardness of the collet-part lathe system are determined. For the collet-part system, the width of the hysteresis loop in the cold state can reach 20...70 microns. The hysteresis characteristics of the collet-part system in the heated state have the width of the hysteresis loop of 50...200 microns with clamping the part with a diameter of 80...115 mm and a radius of 100...120 mm. Recommendations on the assessment of the hardness change limit depending on the design of the collet are developed. The proposed technique allows one cartridge position to be measured by pressing according to the scheme of loading Β«on a camΒ» and Β«between camsΒ», which reduces twofold the amount of experimental research.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½- Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ 20...70 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° 50...200 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 80...115 ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ 100...120 ΠΌΠΌ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π»Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½- Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π»Π°, ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡΠ².ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½- Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΌΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΠ½Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ - Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ - Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΈ 20...70 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ - Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° 50...200 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 80...115 ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡ 100...120 ΠΌΠΌ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Β«Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΒ» Ρ Β«ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈΒ», ΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ βΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
The results of the study of the hardness characteristics of the collet-part lathe system, which are essentially nonlinear and influence the damping parameters of the spindle assembly unit, are presented. The aim of the work is to study the characteristics of the nonlinear hardness of the elements of the collet-part technological system. In order to realize this aim, in the course of experimental research, static and dynamic characteristics of the spindle core hardness are defined, which are looped hysteresis curves that are characteristic of mechanical systems with a large number of bonds. Measurements of nonlinear parameters of the hardness of the collet-part system are carried out. Measurements are made according to the original method. The basis of the technique is the multi-cycle static load of the spindle in the processing zone in the direction of the vector of the dynamic component of the cutting force by the developed equipment. The equipment includes a screw loader, a two-way ring dynamometer and a mandrel fitted in the spindle of the machine. As a result of the research, the features of the nonlinear characteristics of the hardness of the collet-part lathe system are determined. For the collet-part system, the width of the hysteresis loop in the cold state can reach 20...70 microns. The hysteresis characteristics of the collet-part system in the heated state have the width of the hysteresis loop of 50...200 microns with clamping the part with a diameter of 80...115 mm and a radius of 100...120 mm. Recommendations on the assessment of the hardness change limit depending on the design of the collet are developed. The proposed technique allows one cartridge position to be measured by pressing according to the scheme of loading Β«on a camΒ» and Β«between camsΒ», which reduces twofold the amount of experimental research.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½- Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ 20...70 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° 50...200 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 80...115 ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ 100...120 ΠΌΠΌ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π»Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½- Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π»Π°, ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡΠ².ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½- Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΌΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΠ½Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ - Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ - Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΈ 20...70 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ - Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° 50...200 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 80...115 ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡ 100...120 ΠΌΠΌ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Β«Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΒ» Ρ Β«ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈΒ», ΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½