64 research outputs found
Emotional responses to motion sickness in autonomous driving
In future autonomous cars, users, free from the primary task of driving, will have time and space to engage in other activities while traveling, such as reading a book, working on a laptop or watching a movie. Although the option for these activities are one of the great advantages of autonomous cars, this will also likely increase motion sickness (MS) inside the car. MS affects numerous individuals, and it occurs when the information received through the eyes differs from what is perceived by the body and the inner ear. Plus, MS can have an impact on the emotional component of the individuals experiencing it, making the experience of traveling in autonomous cars uncomfortable and difficult. Emotional design studies focus on the emotional response of individuals to a product or service. These studies typically employ self-report scales as assessment tools, such as SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin) and PrEmo (Product Emotion Measurement instrument). We present the first study measuring emotional responses to MS using both SAM and PrEmo scales. In our study, we induced MS by asking participants to watch a highly dynamic video of a first-person car trip. We also asked subjects to answer to SAM and PrEmo before and after the visualization of the video. Our results showed a change in the answers in time, that is, before vs. after the experience of MS. MS significantly altered individuals' emotional responses, worsening their condition. These results support the need for studies that reduce MS to improve the experience and well-being of individuals in autonomous cars.Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory (Lab2PT), Ref. UID/04509/2020, financed by national funds (PIDDAC) through the FCT/MCTES and the European Structural and Investment Funds in the FEDER component, through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (COMPETE 2020) [Project n° 039334; Funding Reference: POCI- 01-0247-FEDER-039334]
Microbial quality of soil from the Pampa biome in response to different grazing pressures
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different grazing pressures on the activity and diversity of soil bacteria. We performed a long-term experiment in Eldorado do Sul, southern Brazil, that assessed three levels of grazing pressure: high pressure (HP), with 4% herbage allowance (HA), moderate pressure (MP), with 12% HA, and low pressure (LP), with 16% HA. Two reference areas were also assessed, one of never-grazed native vegetation (NG) and another of regenerated vegetation after two years of grazing (RG). Soil samples were evaluated for microbial biomass and enzymatic ( -glucosidase, arylsulfatase and urease) activities. The structure of the bacterial community and the population of diazotrophic bacteria were evaluated by RFLP of the 16S rRNA and nifH genes, respectively. The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria was assessed by partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. The presence of grazing animals increased soil microbial biomass in MP and HP. The structures of the bacterial community and the populations of diazotrophic bacteria were altered by the different grazing managements, with a greater diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the LP treatment. Based on the characteristics evaluated, the MP treatment was the most appropriate for animal production and conservation of the Pampa biome
Culture-independent assessment of the diazotrophic Bradyrhizobium communities in the Pampa and Atlantic Forest Biomes localities in southern Brazil
The isolation of rhizobial strains from the root and stem nodules remains a commonly used method
despite its limitations as it enables the identification of mainly dominant symbiotic groups within rhizobial communities. To overcome these limitations, we used genus-specific nifD primers in a cultureindependent assessment of Bradyrhizobium communities inhabiting soils in southern Brazil. The majority
of nifD sequences were generated from DNA isolated from tropical-lowland pasture soils, although some
soil samples originated from the Campos de Cima da Serra volcanic plateau. In the nifD tree, all the
bradyrhizobial sequences comprised 38 clades, including 18 new clades. The sequences generated in this
study were resolved into 22 clades and 21 singletons. The nifD bradyrhizobial assemblage contained
Azorhizobium and a-proteobacterial methylotrophic genera, suggesting that these genera may have
acquired their nif loci from Bradyrhizobium donors. The most common in the lowland pasture soils subclade III.3D branch comprises the isolates of mainly an American origin. On the other hand, subclade III.4,
which was earlier detected in Brazil among Bradyrhizobium isolates nodulating native lupins, appears
more common in the Campos de Cima da Serra soils. The second-largest group, Clade XXXVIII, has not
yet been reported in culture-dependent studies, while another common group called Clade I represents
a symbiovar predominating in Australia. The identification of the diverse nifD Clade I haplotypes in the
tropical-lowland pastures infested by Australian Acacia spp implies that the introduction of these
legumes to southern Brazil has resulted in the dissemination of their bradyrhizobial symbionts.This work was supported by a grant UMO-2014/15/B/
NZ8/00259 (TS-JB) from The National Science Centre (NCN) and a
grant from CAPES/FAPERGS Public Notice 12/2013.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/syapmdm2022BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog
Azimuthal anisotropy of neutral pion production in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV: Path-length dependence of jet quenching and the role of initial geometry
We have measured the azimuthal anisotropy of pi0's for 1 < pT < 18 GeV/c for
Au+Au collisions at sqrt s_NN = 200 GeV. The observed anisotropy shows a
gradual decrease in 3 < pT < 7 - 10 GeV/c, but remains positive beyond 10
GeV/c. The magnitude of this anisotropy is under-predicted, up to at least 10
GeV/c, by current perturbative QCD (pQCD) energy-loss model calculations. An
estimate of the increase in anisotropy expected from initial-geometry
modification due to gluon saturation effects and initial-geometry fluctuations
is insufficient to account for this discrepancy. Calculations which implement a
path length dependence steeper than what is implied by current pQCD energy-loss
models, show reasonable agreement with the data.Comment: 384 authors, 6 pages text, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Transverse momentum dependence of J/psi polarization at midrapidity in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
We report the measurement of the transverse momentum dependence of inclusive
J/psi polarization in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV performed by the PHENIX
Experiment at RHIC. The polarization is studied in the helicity,
Gottfried-Jackson, and Collins-Soper frames for p_T < 5 GeV/c and |y| < 0.35.
The J/psi polarization in the helicity and Gottfried-Jackson frames is
consistent with zero for all transverse momenta, with a slight (1.8 sigma)
trend towards longitudinal polarization for transverse momenta above 2 GeV/c.
No conclusion is allowed due to the limited acceptance in the Collins-Soper
frame and the uncertainties of the current data. The results are compared to
observations for other collision systems and center of mass energies and to
different quarkonia production models.Comment: 384 authors from 62 institutions, 11 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. v2
is expanded version submitted to Physical Review D. Plain text data tables
for the points plotted in figures are available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of dihadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV: Jet-quenching and the response of partonic matter
Azimuthal angle \Delta\phi correlations are presented for charged hadrons
from dijets for 0.4 < p_T < 10 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200
GeV. With increasing p_T, the away-side distribution evolves from a broad to a
concave shape, then to a convex shape. Comparisons to p+p data suggest that the
away-side can be divided into a partially suppressed "head" region centered at
Delta\phi ~ \pi, and an enhanced "shoulder" region centered at Delta\phi ~ \pi
+/- 1.1. The p_T spectrum for the "head" region softens toward central
collisions, consistent with the onset of jet quenching. The spectral slope for
the "shoulder" region is independent of centrality and trigger p_T, which
offers constraints on energy transport mechanisms and suggests that the
"shoulder" region contains the medium response to energetic jets.Comment: 420 authors from 58 institutions, 6 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to
Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in
figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly
available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
High p_T Direct Photon and pi^0 Triggered Azimuthal Jet Correlations in sqrt(s)=200 GeV p+p Collisions
Correlations of charged hadrons of 1 < pT < 10 GeV/c with high pT direct
photons and pi^ 0 mesons in the range 5 <pT < 15 GeV/c are used to study jet
fragmentation in the photon+jet and di-jet channels, respectively. The
magnitude of the partonic transverse momentum, kT, is obtained by comparing to
a model incorporating a Gaussian kT smearing. The sensitivity of the associated
charged hadron spectra to the underlying fragmentation function is tested and
the data are compared to calculations using recent global fit results. The
shape of the direct photon-associated hadron spectrum as well as its charge
asymmetry are found to be consistent with a sample dominated by quark-gluon
Compton scattering. No significant evidence of fragmentation photon correlated
production is observed within experimental uncertainties.Comment: 431 authors, 18 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables, RevTeX-4. Submitted to
Physical Review D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures
for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available
at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Functional abilities of cultivable plant growth promoting bacteria associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops
ResistĂȘncia ao choque da madeira de Platanus x acerifolia em diferentes condiçÔes de umidade
Occurrence of plant growth-promoting traits in clover-nodulating rhizobia strains isolated from different soils in Rio Grande do Sul state
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