Avaliação da Atividade Antioxidante dos Compostos Fenólicos Presentes na Amburana cearensis

Amburana cearensis A. C. Smith (Fabaceae) is popularly known as cumaru.  Its stem bark is used in folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory disorders and as anti-inflammatory.  With knowledge of their pharmacological potential of this work was to total phenolics content and antioxidant activity in the ethanolic extract of leaves and bark (EEF and EEC) and methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of leaves (FMEF and FAcF). The Antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions was evaluated using spectrophotometric method at concentrations of 1.0; 0.1; 0.01 and 0.001 mg mL-1. For the total phenolics, determined by the Folin-Ciocalsteu method, expressed as gallic acid equivalent g-1 (GAE) for sample.  All samples showed antioxidant activity, but FMEF fraction showed the highest value for activity (94%) when compared to standard ascorbic acid. The total phenolics content showed the most significant result was to FAcF fraction with 134.66 mg of EGA g-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v1i1.70

\"Biologically active secondary metabolites from Marine Sponges and from the Marine-Derived fungus Beauveria felina\"

Neste trabalho descreve-se o estudo química dos extratos de quatro esponjas e dois fungos de origem marinha oriundos da costa do Brasil. Os extratos de três esponjas (Petromica ciocalyptoides, Topsentia ophiraphidites e Callyspongia sp.) apresentaram atividade inibitória à enzima adenosina fosforribosil transferase de Leishmania tarentolae. A partir desses extratos foram isolados 4 compostos. O trissulafato de halistanol, isolado das esponjas P. ciocalyptoides e T. ophiraphidites, e o ilhabelanol, ilhabreno e isoakaterpina, isolados da esponja Callyspongia sp. A partir do extrato bruto da esponja Axinella cf corrugata foram isolados dois derivados cumarínicos, provavelmente artefatos de isolamento do ácido 4-esculetínico, o qual é inédito como produto natural. O extrato bruto da esponja Axinella cf. corrugata apresentou atividade citotóxica, mas os compostos puros não apresentaram esta atividade. Os dois compostos puros foram testados ainda quanto sua atividade contra o vírus da SARS, na qual o éster etílico do ácido 4-esculetínico se apresentou ativo. A partir de dois extratos oriundos do fungo Beauveria felina, isolado da alga marinha Caulerpa sp, foram isoladas 17 frações puras que após diversas análises foram agrupadas em seis compostos conhecidos na literatura: a (Phe3, N-Val5) destruxina B, a cloroidrina da destruxina E, a roseotoxina B, a roseocardina, a isariina e a isariina B. Além disso, foram isolados dois compostos inéditos, a pseudodestruxina C e a cloloidrina Beta-Me-Pro da destruxina E. Os extratos brutos de Beauveria felina apresentaram atividades em bioensaios de atividade antituberculose e de citotoxicidade em linhagem de células de câncer. Os compostos puros avaliados no bioensaio antituberculose não foram ativos. Somente o composto roseotoxina B apresentou atividade citotóxica in vitro para quatro linhagens de células: mama, cólon, sistema nervoso e leucemia.In this work we report the chemical investigation of bioactive crude extracts obtained from four sponges and two fungal strains of marine origin. The crude extracts of three sponges species (Petromica ciocalyptoides, Topsentia ophiraphidites and Callyspongia sp.) displayed inhibitory activity towards the enzyme adenine fosforribosyl transferase of Leishmania tarentolae (L-APRT). Four compounds have been isolated from these extracts: the known halistanol sulfate was isolated of sponges P. ciocalyptoides and T. ophiraphidites, while the novel ilhabelanol, ilhabrene and isoakaterpin have been isolated from the sponge Callyspongia sp. All compounds exhibited inhibition of L-APRT at micro M concentrations. Two coumarin derivatives have been isolated from the crude extract of the sponge Axinella cf. corrugata, probably as artifacts of isolation: esculetin-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester and esculetin-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. While the crude extract of the sponge Axinella cf. corrugata presented cytotoxic activity, the pure compounds were inactive in these assays. The esculetin-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was found to be an in vitro inhibitor of SARS virus. The crude extract obtained of a marine-derived Beauveria felina strain, isolated from the alga Caulerpa sp., displayed antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast), HCT-8 (colon) and B16 (murine melanoma) cancer cell lines. Chemical fractionation of the crude extract led to the isolation of two new cyclodepsipeptides pseudodestruxin C and [Beta-Me-Pro] destruxin E chlorohydrin, and of the known destruxin E chlorohydrin, [Phe3, N-Me-Val5] destruxin B, roseotoxin B, roseocardin, isariin and isariin B. The depsipeptides [Phe3, NMe- Val5] destruxin B and rosetoxin B, have been tested against M. tuberculosis H37 Rv and in cytotoxicity bioassays against SF 295 (human CNS) MDA-MB435 (human breast) HCT8 (colon) and HL60 (leukemia) cancer cell lines. Only roseotoxin B displayed moderate cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines

Potential antioxidant of brazilian coffee from the region of Cerrado

<div><p>Abstract Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Its chemical composition may have varied according to the planting site, degree of roasting, and method of preparation. This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of coffee from the region of Cerrado in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The evaluation was performed with samples roasted at two different levels (traditional and extra dark) and using two different preparation methods (decoction and infusion) that reflect the conditions of preparing coffee. In vitro antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH radical methods and the concentration of total phenolic compounds and caffeine were determined. Samples made by decoction showed a higher content of phenolic compounds and no significant difference was observed between the degrees of roasting. However, the antioxidant activity and caffeine concentration of the extra dark samples were higher than those of the traditional samples for both preparation methods. The decoction preparation method was better for extracting phenolic compounds and the extra dark roast showed a higher concentration of caffeine and antioxidant activity. The samples showed a high antioxidant activity, indicating the coffee from Cerrado is an important source of antioxidants.</p></div

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ORGANIC PHASE EXTRACTED FROM CHARCOAL FOR BARBECUE

ABSTRACT Charcoal is a widely used product for barbecue, however, its quality for said use has not been well studied. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of carcinogenic compounds that can be present in charcoal. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the organic phase extracted from charcoal by organic solvents, regarding the presence of PAHs. For this, a commercial charcoal brand was acquired, collected in establishments in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo. Complementary tests were carried out to identify the wood used in the production of charcoal, such as determination of humidity, apparent density, immediate composition, calorific value, and combustion index. The organic phase extracted from the charcoal using cyclohexane was analyzed in a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) for identification of a class of sixteen PAHs. In general, charcoal presented regular characteristics for barbecue. All PAHs analyzed were detected in the organic phase extracted from the charcoal, but the observed values were below the quantified limit determine

Comparison of the antioxidant property of acerola extracts with synthetic antioxidants using an in vivo method with yeasts

International audienceIn this study, we compared the antioxidant activity of ripe and unripe acerola extracts with synthetic antioxidants (BHA and BHT). This activity was assessed by classical approaches (DPPH and ABTS) and by an in vivo method using yeasts. Acerola extracts contain phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid that exhibit radical scavenger capacity and reducing power. The results obtained with yeasts revealed that the acerola extracts and BHT either acted as antioxidants or presented no activity depending on the nature of the oxidant molecule used. BHA decreased yeast resistance to oxidative treatments and also showed deleterious effects even when oxidative treatments were not applied. The unripe acerola was the most efficient antioxidant in the in vitro experiments but not necessarily in the in vivo assays, showing the weakness of in vitro systems in predicting antioxidant responses for biological purposes. BHA presented cell damaging effects even in the absence of oxidizing reagents

Qualidade microbiológica da água para consumo animal

Água para consumo humano ou animal deve atender ao mínimo de exigências de padrões de qualidade para garantir consumo adequado, sem provocar injurias aos animais devido à má qualidade, como contaminação microbiológica ou química. Este trabalho avaliou a qualidade microbiológica da água oferecida aos animais de produção do Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ) e algumas instalações de pesquisa e administração. Nestas amostras, pH, coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e outras bactérias do grupo das heterotróficas foram quantificados usando o kit comercial Colitest para coliformes totais e E.coli. Os meios R2A e TSA foram utilizados para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas. Coliformes totais foram encontrados no Lago do Maracanã, nas duas amostragens, da margem e do interior e em um dos piquetes. Na área central do IZ, coliformes totais foram encontrados no Riacho do Planalto, nas duas amostragens e no Bosque Isidoro Bordon, assim como no Lago. Na área do Manancial nenhum coliforme total foi encontrado. Destas áreas, E.coli estavam presentes em duas amostragens. Do total das 25 coletas, 28% apresentaram coliformes totais e 8% E.coli. Para bactérias heterotróficas, o máximo indicado pela CETESB para consumo animal é de 1000 UFC mL-1, e na comparação entre os dois meios para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas verificou-se que 68% das amostras apresentaram valores superiores no meio R2A e 32% no meio TSA. Na avaliação dos meios de cultura utilizados o R2A apresentou resultados 293% superiores aos do meio TSA mostrando que um meio rico em nutrientes pode mascarar a variabilidade microbiológica de um ecossistema naturalmente pobre (água). No teste estatístico de análise de variância o resultado obtido foi significativo a 1% de probabilidade pelo teste de F (1,781) mostrando a diferença entre os meios R2A e TSA utilizados, provando que o meio R2A foi melhor na identificação de bactérias heterotróficas presentes na água. Estudos devem continuar a serem conduzidos de forma a garantir água de qualidade aos animais de produção