Polymer ejection from strong spherical confinement

We examine the ejection of an initially strongly confined flexible polymer from a spherical capsid through a nanoscale pore. We use molecular dynamics for unprecedentedly high initial monomer densities. We show that the time for an individual monomer to eject grows exponentially with the number of ejected monomers. By measurements of the force at the pore we show this dependence to be a consequence of the excess free energy of the polymer due to confinement growing exponentially with the number of monomers initially inside the capsid. This growth relates closely to the divergence of mixing energy in the Flory-Huggins theory at large concentration. We show that the pressure inside the capsid driving the ejection dominates the process that is characterized by the ejection time growing linearly with the lengths of different polymers. Waiting time profiles would indicate that the superlinear dependence obtained for polymers amenable to computer simulations results from a finite-size effect due to the final retraction of polymers' tails from capsids.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E, increased readability from previous versio

LAPORAN PRAKTIK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN (PPL) PERIODE 10 AGUSTUS-10 SEPTEMBER 2015 SMA N 1 WONOSARI

Pelaksanaan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) merupakan salah satu mata kuliah yang wajib ditempuh oleh mahasiswa sebagai salah satu syarat dalam menyelesaikan gelar sebagai sarjana pendidikan selain tugas akhir skripsi di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Visi dari Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan adalah wadah pembentukan calon guru atau tenaga kependidikan yang profesional. Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) dilaksanakan di SMA N 1 Wonosari, Gunungkidul tepatnya di Jalan Brigjen Katamso Nomor 04 Wonosari Gunungkidul. Kegiatan ini dimulai secara efektif pada tanggal 10 Agustus dan diakhiri pada tanggal 10 September 2015. Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan merupakan kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran perlu melakukan persiapan, diantaranya pembuatan RPP, administrasi pendidik, serta media pembelajaran yang diperlukan. Selama kegiatan PPL mahasiswa diberi kepercayaan untuk mengampu kelas XI MIA 3, XI MIA 4, XI IIS 1, dan XI IIS 2 dibawah bimbingan Bapak Tri Widodo, S.Pd Evaluasi terhadap peserta didik dilakukan melalui Ujian Praktik Pranatacara dan Ulangan Harian. Secara kesuluruhan PPL berjalan dengan baik dan lancar. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan PPL ini hendaknya disikapi oleh pihak Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dengan mempertahankan dan meningkatkan jalinan komunikasi dan kerjasama dengan SMA N 1 Wonosari

Influences of Body Composition, Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy on Physical Mobility of Older Adults

Background and Purpose: The prevalence of falls, and the resulting injuries and complications reflect a key concern in the older adult population. An increased risk of falls is highly correlated with decreases in physical mobility and related functions. The Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) has an established reliability and validity in assessing physical function and the risk of falling in the older adult population. With age, a person typically has an increased number of health morbidities, which may be reflected in changing body composition and the number of medications associated with diseases. However, the influence of these factors on physical mobility in the older adult population has not been quantified. The purpose of this study was to investigate how common indicators of health, including body mass index (BMI), presence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy influence the TUG performance in the older adult population. Methods: A total of 222 individuals ≥ 65 years of age were recruited (68 men and 154 women, mean age = 75.1 yrs). Additional subjects (28 men and 54 women, mean age = 72.7 yrs) from previous research were included in the analysis of BMI on TUG performance with a total of 304 subjects (96 men and 208 women, mean age= 74.4 yrs). Height and weight were obtained in conjunction with a medical history survey. Subjects completed 3 trials of the TUG test at 3 and 9 m walking distances. Comparison was made between 3 participant groups according to their BMI (underweight: BMI \u3c 24 kg/m2, normal weight: BMI 24-30 kg/m2, overweight: BMI \u3e 30 kg/m2). Multimorbidity was categorized into 2 groups (multimorbidity: ≥ 2 morbidities, non-multimorbidity: 0-1 morbidity). Polypharmacy was categorized into 2 groups (polypharmacy: ≥ 5 medications, non-polypharmacy: 0-4 medications). Non-parametric tests were run for all 3 variables (BMI, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy). Results: The underweight BMI group exhibited a trend of slower performance than normal weight BMI group for the 3 m (underweight = 8.8±5.3s, normal weight = 8.5±3.3s, p = 0.055) and the 9 m TUG distances (underweight = 17.3±8.9s, normal weight = 17.0±6.1s, p = 0.071). There was a trend toward the overweight BMI group having slower performance than the normal weight BMI group on the 9 m distance (normal weight = 17.0±6.1s, overweight = 18.0±5.5s, p = 0.069). The group with ≥ 2 morbidities had slower performance on the 3 m (multimorbidity = 9.2±3.9s, non-multimorbidity = 7.7±2.1s, p \u3c 0.001) and 9 m TUG distances (multimorbidity = 18.3±6.8s, non-multimorbidity = 15.6±4.0s, p \u3c 0.001). The polypharmacy group had slower performance on the 3 m (polypharmacy = 9.6±3.3s, non-polypharmacy = 8.3±3.4s, p = 0.001) and 9 m TUG distances (polypharmacy = 19.1 ± 5.9s, non-polypharmacy = 16.7±6.0s, p = 0.001). Discussion: Being underweight and overweight were shown to impact a person’s walking ability. We expected overweight individuals to have a slower performance on the TUG but underweight individuals did as well. This could be due to frail older adults having decreased muscle mass and strength. Polypharmacy and multimorbidity were shown to also have a significant impact on mobility performance. Limitations: The examined older adult population was relatively healthy as they are community dwelling individuals who are active in the retirement community. Conclusion: This study provided quantitative information regarding the effects of common health indicators (BMI, status of multimorbidity and polypharmacy) on mobility. Understanding the impact of BMI, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy on TUG performance will assist in identifying patients at risk of decrease physical mobility and falls. Wellness interventions might include reducing/altering medications used or adopting a healthier BMI to improve mobility

Chaperone-assisted translocation of flexible polymers in three dimensions

Polymer translocation through a nanometer-scale pore assisted by chaperones binding to the polymer is a process encountered in vivo for proteins. Studying the relevant models by computer simulations is computationally demanding. Accordingly, previous studies are either for stiff polymers in three dimensions or flexible polymers in two dimensions. Here, we study chaperone-assisted translocation of flexible polymers in three dimensions using Langevin dynamics. We show that differences in binding mechanisms, more specifically, whether a chaperone can bind to a single or multiple sites on the polymer, lead to substantial differences in translocation dynamics in three dimensions. We show that the single-binding mode leads to dynamics that is very much like that in the constant-force driven translocation and accordingly mainly determined by tension propagation on the cis side. We obtain $\beta \approx 1.26$ for the exponent for the scaling of the translocation time with polymer length. This fairly low value can be explained by the additional friction due to binding particles. The multiple-site binding leads to translocation whose dynamics is mainly determined by the trans side. For this process we obtain $\beta \approx 1.36$. This value can be explained by our derivation of $\beta = 4/3$ for constant-bias translocation, where translocated polymer segments form a globule on the trans side. Our results pave the way for understanding and utilizing chaperone-assisted translocation where variations in microscopic details lead to rich variations in the emerging dynamics.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure

An Argumentation-Based Reasoner to Assist Digital Investigation and Attribution of Cyber-Attacks

We expect an increase in the frequency and severity of cyber-attacks that comes along with the need for efficient security countermeasures. The process of attributing a cyber-attack helps to construct efficient and targeted mitigating and preventive security measures. In this work, we propose an argumentation-based reasoner (ABR) as a proof-of-concept tool that can help a forensics analyst during the analysis of forensic evidence and the attribution process. Given the evidence collected from a cyber-attack, our reasoner can assist the analyst during the investigation process, by helping him/her to analyze the evidence and identify who performed the attack. Furthermore, it suggests to the analyst where to focus further analyses by giving hints of the missing evidence or new investigation paths to follow. ABR is the first automatic reasoner that can combine both technical and social evidence in the analysis of a cyber-attack, and that can also cope with incomplete and conflicting information. To illustrate how ABR can assist in the analysis and attribution of cyber-attacks we have used examples of cyber-attacks and their analyses as reported in publicly available reports and online literature. We do not mean to either agree or disagree with the analyses presented therein or reach attribution conclusions

Journal Staff

Background: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) is a form of guided self-help that has been found to be effective for addressing several problems. The target for this type of therapy is usually restricted to one specific disorder. Tailoring the treatment widens the scope of ICBT in that it can address comorbid conditions directly. Objectives: The working, or therapeutic, alliance has been found to predict outcome in studies of face-to-face therapy. The extent to which these findings apply to ICBT is largely unknown. We therefore decided to find out whether the working alliance could predict outcome in tailored ICBT for anxiety disorders. Methods: Data were obtained from the treatment group (n=27) in a randomized controlled trial aiming to test the effects of tailored ICBT for anxiety disorders. The forthcoming study was designed to test the hypothesis that the working alliance measured both pre-treatment and early in treatment (week 3) can predict treatment outcome as measured by the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) in a heterogeneous group of patients with anxiety disorders (n=27). Results: Working alliance measured at week 3 into the treatment correlated significantly with the residual gain scores on the primary outcome measure (r=-.47, P=.019, n=25), while expected working alliance pre-treatment did not (r=-.17, P=.42, n=27). Conclusions: These results raise questions about the importance of working alliance in ICBT treatments, and suggest that the working alliance could be important in ICBT.Funding Agencies|Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research|2008-1145|</p