The inheritance of color and horns in Blue-gray cattle II

This bulletin is a sequel to Research Bulletin No. 30 published in 1916. It contains information and a discussion concerning the progeny from the original stock subsequent to that date. The work of the previous investigators, their results and the conclusions drawn therefrom, are retabulated without details. Additional data are added showing that the recessive whites obtained from the F2 breed true. The nature of the roan in the Shorthorn is considered. While it is recognized that Wright\u27s criticism of the hypothesis used (Wentworth\u27s) rendered it improbable, yet the fact that two whites when mated to self-colored bulls threw self-colored calves, seems to disprove the hypothesis that roan is the simple heterozygote between self-pigmented and white. Accordingly no conclusions are drawn with respect to roaning. The relation of these whites with dark points to the similarly marked Wild White Park Cattle of Great Britain is discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that they are of a different genetic composition, the former being recessive and the latter dominant to most colors. It seems probable that the only coat color difference between these whites with dark points and the white Shorthorn lies in the degree of pigmentation in the points. The presence of pigment in the ears shows dominance over the almost complete lack of it. A white with red points was obtained, as demanded by Lloyd Jones\u27 and Evvard\u27s theory. Matings of the white with dark points to the almost white Ayrshire reveal that there is no genetic similarity between the two types of white. Data were obtained from these matings, but not in a quantity sufficient to advance or prove any hypothesis. Detailed tables and descriptions of the new individuals are presented

Fundamental Strings in Open String Theory at the Tachyonic Vacuum

We show that the world-volume theory on a D-p-brane at the tachyonic vacuum has solitonic string solutions whose dynamics is governed by the Nambu-Goto action of a string moving in (25+1) dimensional space-time. This provides strong evidence for the conjecture that at this vacuum the full (25+1) dimensional Poincare invariance is restored. We also use this result to argue that the open string field theory at the tachyonic vacuum must contain closed string excitations.Comment: LaTeX file, 16 pages, references and clarification adde

Nontangential limits and Fatou-type theorems on post-critically finite self-similar sets

In this paper we study the boundary limit properties of harmonic functions on $\mathbb R_+\times K$, the solutions $u(t,x)$ to the Poisson equation $$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial t^2} + \Delta u = 0,$$ where $K$ is a p.c.f. set and $\Delta$ its Laplacian given by a regular harmonic structure. In particular, we prove the existence of nontangential limits of the corresponding Poisson integrals, and the analogous results of the classical Fatou theorems for bounded and nontangentially bounded harmonic functions.Comment: 22 page

Covariant quantization of membrane dynamics

A Lorentz covariant quantization of membrane dynamics is defined, which also leaves unbroken the full three dimensional diffeomorphism invariance of the membrane. Among the applications studied are the reduction to string theory, which may be understood in terms of the phase space and constraints, and the interpretation of physical,zero-energy states. A matrix regularization is defined as in the light cone gauged fixed theory but there are difficulties implementing all the gauge symmetries. The problem involves the non-area-preserving diffeomorphisms which are realized non-linearly in the classical theory. In the quantum theory they do not seem to have a consistent implementation for finite N. Finally, an approach to a genuinely background independent formulation of matrix dynamics is briefly described.Comment: Latex, 21 pages, no figure

Are the Same Clinical Risk Factors Relevant for Incident Diabetes Defined by Treatment, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and HbA1c?

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To compare incidences and risk factors for diabetes using seven definitions, with combinations of pharmacological treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L, and HbA(1c) ≥6.5%. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants aged 30-65 years from the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort were followed for 9 years. RESULTS: More men had incident diabetes as defined by FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or treatment than by HbA(1c) ≥6.5% and/or treatment: 7.5% (140/1,867) and 5.3% (99/1,874), respectively (P < 0.009); for women incidences were similar: 3.2% (63/1,958) and 3.4% (66/1,954). Known risk factors predicted diabetes for almost all definitions. Among those with incident diabetes by FPG alone versus HbA(1c) alone, there were more men (78 vs. 35%), case patients were 8 years younger, and fewer were alcohol abstainers (12 vs. 35%) (all P < 0.005). A diabetes risk score discriminated well between those with and without incident diabetes for all definitions. CONCLUSIONS: In men, FPG definitions yielded more incident cases of diabetes than HbA(1c) definitions, in contrast with women. An FPG-derived risk score remained relevant for HbA(1c)-defined diabetes

Conifolds and Geometric Transitions

Conifold geometries have recieved a lot of attention in string theory and string-inspired cosmology recently, in particular the Klebanov-Strassler background that is known as the "warped throat". It is our intention in this article to give a pedagogical explanation for the singularity resolution in this geometry and emphasise its connection to geometric transitions. The first part focuses on the gauge theory dual to the Klebanov-Strassler background, which we also explain from a T-dual intersecting branes scenario. We then make the connection to the Gopakumar-Vafa conjecture for open/closed string duality and summarise a series of papers verifying this model on the supergravity level. An appendix provides extensive background material about conifold geometries. We pay special attention to their complex structures and re-evaluate the supersymmetry conditions on the background flux in constructions with fractional D3-branes on the singular (Klebanov-Tseytlin) and resolved (Pando Zayas-Tseytlin) conifolds. We agree with earlier results that only the singular solution allows a supersymmetric flux, but point out the importance of using the correct complex structure to reach this conclusion.Comment: 37 pages, v3: accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physic