AVALIAÇÃO DE GENÓTIPOS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI PARA PRODUÇÃO DE GRÃOS VERDES EM MOSSORÓ-RN

O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) atua como componente essencial dos sistemas de produção das regiões Nordeste e Norte do Brasil, onde a produção se dá através de práticas tradicionais realizadas por pequenos produtores, utilizando para produção de grãos verdes os mesmos materiais que são usados para a produção de grãos secos. Isto ocorre devido a carência de genótipos comerciais voltados para a produção de feijão-verde. O uso de materiais não adequados à produção de grãos verdes acarreta perdas ao produtor, devido muitos genótipos não apresentarem características adequadas. Deste modo, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar vinte e dois genótipos de feijão-caupi para a produção de grãos verdes em Mossoró/RN. O experimento foi instalado na Horta Experimental do Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais (DCAF) da Universidade Federal Rural Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró/RN. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados completos com 22 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em genótipos de feijão-caupi, sendo 19 provenientes da Embrapa Meio-Norte, e três cultivares regionais. As colheitas foram realizadas manualmente, conforme a maturação das vagens para feijão-verde. Após a colheita, as vagens foram conduzidas ao laboratório de Pós Colheita da UFERSA/DCAF. As características avaliadas foram: Precocidade dos genótipos (NDIF), Comprimento médio de vagens verdes (COMPVV), Peso médio de vagens verdes (PSVV), Peso médio de grãos por vagem (PSGV), Produtividade de vagens verdes (PVV), Produtividade de grãos verdes (PGV), Índice de grãos verdes (IGV). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos tratamentos comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com auxílio do programa Sisvar. Os genótipos BRS Tumucumaque e Paulistinha se destacaram quanto o NDIF, COMPVV, PSVV, PSGV, PVV e IGV, apresentando potencial para exploração comercial nas condições ambientais em que foram avaliados

Indirect selection for content of carotenoid in pumpkin accessions

Carotenoid quantification in foods can be performed by various techniques, such as spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and colorimetry. The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of indirect selection of total carotenoids in pumpkin accessions. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks with two replications and three plants per plot. The treatments consisted of 51 Cucubita moschata Duch accessions from the DCAF/UFERSA Cucurbitaceae germplasm collection and a commercial C. maxima Duch cultivar. After maturation, the fruits were harvested and colorimetric and total carotenoid contents were evaluated. Pulp color intensity parameters and hº angle indicated the possibility of indirect selection of accessions with higher total carotenoid contents. The ABO22 access presented higher total carotenoid content under the evaluation conditions of the experiment. Highlights There is variability in the total carotenoid content in pumpkin accessions. The pumpkin accessions studied have potential for food biofortification. Feasibility of indirect selection in pumpkin accessions for high total carotenoid content.Carotenoid quantification in foods can be performed by various techniques, such as spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and colorimetry. The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of indirect selection of total carotenoids in pumpkin accessions. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks with two replications and three plants per plot. The treatments consisted of 51 Cucubita moschata Duch accessions from the DCAF/UFERSA Cucurbitaceae germplasm collection and a commercial C. maxima Duch cultivar. After maturation, the fruits were harvested and colorimetric and total carotenoid contents were evaluated. Pulp color intensity parameters and hº angle indicated the possibility of indirect selection of accessions with higher total carotenoid contents. The ABO22 access presented higher total carotenoid content under the evaluation conditions of the experiment. Highlights There is variability in the total carotenoid content in pumpkin accessions. The pumpkin accessions studied have potential for food biofortification. Feasibility of indirect selection in pumpkin accessions for high total carotenoid content

Production of Sunflower Oil in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization under Semiarid Conditions under Irrigation

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseeds in the world, whose achenes are valued in several industrial chains, mainly for the extraction and processing of its oil. Although there is some information in the literature, the nitrogen (N) requirements for sunflower in semiarid conditions under irrigation are not yet clear. The experimental design used randomized blocks, with treatments in subdivided plots with four replications during two agricultural seasons. The N doses (e.g., 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) were assigned to the plots, and to the four sunflower cultivars used (e.g., Aguará 06, Altis 99, Multissol and BRS 122), which were planted in the subplots. The N doses for the maximum achene yields for the Multissol and BRS 122 cultivars were 81.8 and 86.6 kg ha-1, respectively, while N doses of 120 kg ha-1 produced the maximum achene yields for the Altis 99 and Aguará 06 cultivars in the 2016 crop season. In 2017, the Multissol and BRS 122 cultivars were given N doses of 100.7 and 92.8 kg ha-1, respectively, and the Altis 99 and Aguará 06 cultivars were each given an N dose of 120 kg ha-1 of N. The fertirrigated doses of maximum economic efficiency of N were 60 and 70 kg ha-1 for the Multissol and BRS 122 cultivars, respectively. For the oil yields, the maximum N doses of 78.0 and 86.7 kg ha-1 for the BRS 122 and Aguará 06 cultivars and for the Multissol and Altis 99 cultivars at an N dose of 120 kg ha-1 were used for the 2016 harvest. In 2017, the BRS 122 and Multissol cultivars received N doses of 88.6 and 99.1 kg ha-1, respectively, and the Altis 99 and Aguará 06 cultivars received N doses of 120 kg ha-1. The use of fertigation allowed greater efficiency for the N doses in the sunflower cultivars in the semiarid region

Seleção simultânea para produtividade, adaptabilidade e estabilidade genotípica em feijão-caupi imaturo via REML/BLUP

The objective of this work was to select cowpea genotypes simultaneously for high yield of immature grains, adaptability, and genotypic stability, taking into account genotype x environment interactions. The mixed models restricted maximum likelihood (REML)/best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) were used. Sixteen cowpea genotypes were evaluated in nine environments, consisting of a combination of location (Pentecoste in the state of Ceará, Acaraú in Ceará, Teresina in Piauí, and Mossoró in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) and year (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2017). In all trials, a randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Significant differences were observed for effects of genotypes and the genotype x environment interaction. Environmental variance was the largest component of phenotypic variance, followed by the genotype x environment interaction and genotypic variances. The immature grain yield of the evaluated cowpea genotypes interacts strongly with the studied environments, resulting in a low genotypic correlation between environments. The MNC00-595F-27, MNC05-847B-123, and BRS Tumucumaque cowpea genotypes present high yield of immature grains, adaptability, and genotypic stability, being the most suitable for cultivation in the states of Ceará, Piauí, and Rio Grande do Norte or in other environments with similar soil and climatic conditions.O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de feijão-caupi simultaneamente para alta produção de grãos imaturos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade genotípica, ao se considerar interações genótipos x ambientes. Foram utilizados os modelos mistos máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML)/melhor predição linear não viciada (BLUP). Avaliaram-se 16 genótipos de feijão-caupi em nove ambientes, que consistiram de combinação de local (Pentecoste no Ceará, Acaraú no Ceará, Teresina no Piauí e Mossoró no Rio Grande do Norte) e ano (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 e 2017). Em todos os ensaios, utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Foram observadas diferenças significativas para os efeitos de genótipos e interação genótipo x ambiente. A variância ambiental foi o maior componente da variância fenotípica, seguido das variâncias da interação genótipo x ambiente e genotípica. A produtividade de grãos imaturos dos genótipos de feijão-caupi avaliados interage fortemente com os ambientes estudados, o que resulta em baixa correlação genotípica entre os ambientes. Os genótipos de feijão-caupi MNC00-595F-27, MNC05-847B-123 e BRS Tumucumaque apresentam alta produtividade de grãos imaturos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade genotípica, sendo os mais recomendáveis para cultivo nos estados do Ceará, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte ou em outros ambientes com condições climáticas e de solo similares

Produtividade de cultivares de alface em função da idade de colheita no semiárido Potiguar, Brasil

No Nordeste brasileiro, o cultivo da alface restringe-se a pequenas áreas, com a utilização de cultivares pouco adaptadas às condições climáticas da região, dessa forma, ocorre o florescimento precoce e baixa produtividade. Diante disso, a pesquisa foi realizada objetivando-se avaliar as respostas agronômicas de cultivares de alface em função da idade de colheita, quando cultivadas em condições semiáridas. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, entre os meses de outubro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014, em Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas consistiram em cinco idades de colheita (20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 dias após o transplantio – DAT), enquanto as subparcelas corresponderam a seis cultivares de alface dos grupos: Lisa (Babá de Verão, Lívia e Aurélia) e Crespa (Jullie, Elba e Maravilha 4 Estações). Foram avaliadas as características: altura e diâmetro de plantas, número de folhas por planta, produtividades total e comercial, e massa seca da parte aérea. A cultivar Babá de Verão é a mais produtiva dentre as cultivares de alface do grupo Lisa e a Jullie dentre as Crespas. A cultivar de alface Aurélia, do grupo Lisa, é a menos produtiva em relação as demais estudadas. A idade de colheita ideal à máxima produtividade comercial foi aos 30 DAT para todas as cultivares de alface

Nutrient uptake in sesame cultivars under cultivation in semiarid conditions

Sesame is considered the oldest oleaginous seed in use by mankind. It is a culture of high morphophysiological complexity with great variability in growth habit. The accumulation of nutrients in the sesame crop is, in relative terms, proportional to its average productivity. It is a crop that requires the availability of sufficient amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to obtain a desired yield. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the uptake of nutrients for sesame cultivars in two growing seasons conditions semiarid. The experiments were performed in Horta Didatics of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Ãrido, in Brazil, from November 2014 to February 2015 (Growing Season I); and from April to July 2015 (Growing Season II). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a split plot where cultivars (CNPA G2, CNPA G3, and CNPA G4) were placed on the following plots with harvesting dates 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, and 105 days after sowing (DAS) of subplots. The vegetative part of the sesame crop had greater uptake of potassium in Growing Season I (the period from November 2014 to February 2015) and of nitrogen in Growing Season II (the period from April to July 2015) for all the cultivars, whereas in the fruits the greatest uptake was that of nitrogen, independent of growing season. As for the total uptake of nutrients at the end of the cycle, it followed the descending order N > K > P in both growing seasons. The period of greatest demand for nutrients occurred between 77 and 105 DAS. In relation to the cultivars, the CNPA G3 obtained larger uptakes in Growing Season I (the period from November 2014 to February 2015), while the CNPA G4 did so in Growing Season II (the period from November 2014 to February 2015)

Accumulation of macronutrients in cowpea and weeds in competition and under soil water deficit

The ability of a plant species to succeed in colonization of agroecosystem depends on its efficiency in the use of growth resources even in deficient conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of competition and water deficit in the soil on the accumulation of macronutrients of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., Commelina benghalensis L. and Waltheria indica L. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial, with the first factor corresponding to types of interaction among species (V. unguiculata + C. benghalensis; V. unguiculata + W. indica; V. unguiculata in monoculture, C. benghalensis in monoculture and W. indica in monoculture), and the second of water regimes (irrigated and water deficit). The water deficit differently affects macronutrient content on the species, with decreased of K, Ca and Mg in cowpea, and N, P, K and Ca in W. indica. For C. benghalensis, the water deficit does not reduce the macronutrient contents on the plant. The competition between plants intensifies the effects of water deficit only on C. benghalensis, with a decreased on the content of all macronutrients studied. Under irrigated conditions, competition between plants was more damaging the weeds compared to cowpea. The C. benghalensis specie, free from interference, has a high potential for nutrient extraction under irrigated and water deficit regimes

Economic indicators of nitrogen fertilization in sunflower cultivars

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseeds in the world. However, cultivation in semi-arid regions requires analysis of production costs and profitability, ensuring effective decision-making, focused on farming procedures and techniques. In two agricultural crops, 2016 and 2017, experiments were conducted to evaluate the economic indicators of sunflower cultivars (‘Aguará 06’, ‘Altis 99’, ‘Multissol’ and ‘BRS 122’) submitted to nitrogen (N) doses (0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 kg ha-1) via fertirrigation under semi-arid conditions. The net margin corresponded to the increase of N doses, reaching a maximum net margin in the 2016 harvest of R$366.89 ha-1 at the dose of 81 kg ha-1 of N for ‘BRS 122’; R$ 577.41 ha-1 with 118 kg ha-1 of N for ‘Multissol’; and for ‘Aguará 06’ (R$2,124.00 ha-1) and ‘Altis 99’ (R$ 976.66 ha-1) at the dose of 120 kg ha-1 of N. In the 2017 harvest, ‘BRS 122’ obtained R$190.90 ha-1 in the dose of 83 kg ha-1 of N and ‘Multissol’ reached R$ 657.50 in the dose of 85 kg ha-1 of N; the cultivars ‘Aguará 06’ (R$1,078.00 ha-1) and ‘Altis 99’ (R$ 957.14 ha-1) in the dose of 120 kg ha-1 of N. The rate of return and the profitability index were positive for all cultivars in both crops

Respuestas de variedades de algodón a la fertilización nitrogenada en condiciones edafoclimáticas de la provincia del Chaco

El algodón es un cultivo importante para las provincias del norte Argentino, siendo la provincia del Chaco una de las principales productoras. Sin embargo, es necesario desarrollar técnicas que permitan aumentar el rendimiento, especialmente centrado en la eficiencia de la utilización de nutrientes. El nitrógeno es un nutriente dinámico en el medio ambiente, su suministro proporciona una mayor productividad. Sin embargo, el uso incorrecto causa problemas ambientales y económicos para el productor. Las pérdidas de N para el medio ambiente están asociadas con la concentración en la solución del suelo de las formas solubles de N en general que son las más susceptibles a las pérdidas. Por lo tanto, es importante determinar la técnica de manejo del algodón en la provincia del Chaco que proporcione una mayor productividad, menores costos de producción y riesgos de contaminación ambiental. Ante esto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento agronómico, la calidad de la fibra cuando se aplican diferentes dosis de nitrógeno. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la campaña (2019/2020). El diseño experimental fue en bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones en parcelas subdivididas, en las que se asignaron cuatro variedades de algodón (Guarani INTA BG RR, Guazucho 4 INTA BG RR, NUOPal RR, Pora 3 INTA BGRR) y como subparcelas las cinco dosis de nitrógeno (0, 45, 90, 135 y 180 kg ha-1). Se evaluó el crecimiento y componentes productivos,. Las variedades Guarani INTA BG RR, Guazucho 4 INTA BG RR tienen una alta respuesta a la aplicación de fertilizante nitrogenado.EEA Sáenz PeñaFil: Tcach, Nydia Elisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Klein, Lorena Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Spoljaric, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Tcach, Mauricio Alfredo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Ariela Judith. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Bonacic Kresic, Iván. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Wyss, Victor Fabio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Paes Barros Júnior, Aurélio. Universidad federal Rural del Semiarido (UFERSA); BrasilFil: dos Santos, Manoel Galdino. Universidad federal Rural del Semiarido (UFERSA); BrasilFil: da Silveira, Lindomar Maria. Universidad federal Rural del Semiarido (UFERSA); Brasi