Sale of Sveaskogs forestland in Vilhelmina and Dorotea : aims and outcomes from a rural perspective

Sveaskog AB har av sin ägare svenska staten fått i uppdrag att sälja 10 % av det markinnehav man hade 2002 i syfte att stärka enskilt jord- och skogsbruk. Detta för att det förväntas bli lättare för enskilda privatpersoner att få en utkomst i glesbygden. Syftet med studien var att granska försäljningsprocessen och vilka fastigheter som sålts. Köparna, deras motiv till köpet och hur det påverkat dem och omgivningen har också studerats. Nyckelpersoner inom Sveaskog intervjuades för att förstå försäljningsprocessen och vilka kriterier man hade för att välja områden till försäljning. Studien omfattade 36 fastigheter som Sveaskog sålt i Dorotea och Vilhelmina mellan 2003-2011. Fastigheterna analyserades för att se hur de uppfyllde Sveaskogs kriterier. En ägare per såld fastighet erbjöds att medverka i en telefonintervju. Totalt intervjuades 15 fastighetsköpare för att undersöka motiven till skogsköpet och hur det påverkat deras val av bostadsort samt inkomst och livskvalitet. Försäljningsprocessen Sveaskog har använt sig av har med tidens gång förändrats från att i början ha haft ganska höga krav på köparna av fastigheterna till dagens läge när vem som helst kan få köpa. Konflikter med andra näringar som rennäringen har inte ökat i och med försäljningen, men renägarna påtalar att man vill ha möjlighet att yttra sig innan försäljningen påbörjas. Den påverkan försäljningen haft på köparna varierar när det gäller möjlighet att bo kvar/bosätta sig i kommunen och påverkan på inkomstmöjligheterna. Därmed är det långt ifrån självklart att fastighetsförsäljningen haft den positiva påverkan på glesbygden i Vilhelmina och Dorotea som man tänkte sig.Sveaskog AB has by its owner the Swedish state received mandated to sell 10% of the land holdings it had in 2002 in order to strengthen private farming and forestry. This is because it is expected to be easier for private individuals to earn a living in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the sale process and the properties sold. Buyers, their motives for purchasing and how it affected them and their surroundings have also been studied. Key people within Sveaskog were interviewed to understand the sales process and what criteria they had in areas that have been sold. The study considered 36 properties sold by Sveaskog in Dorotea and Wilhelmina between 2003-2011. The properties were analyzed to see how they met Sveaskog criteria. One new owner of a property purchased from Sveaskog was invited to participate in a telephone interview. Total sample 15 buyers were interviewed in order to consider the reasons for forest acquisition and how it influenced their choice of residence, income and quality of life. The sales process Sveaskog has applied has changed over time and from the beginning they had relatively high standards for the purchasers of the properties to the current situation where anyone can buy and property. Conflicts with other industries such as reindeer husbandry in the area have not increased with the sale, but the reindeer owner’s points out that they want the opportunity to be heard before the sales starts. The impact by the sales on buyers vary in terms of the opportunity to stay / reside in the municipality and the impact on livelihoods. Thus, it is far from obvious that property sales had a positive impact on rural areas in Vilhelmina and Dorotea as intended

Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses among adolescents with severe conduct problems-A register-based follow-up study

Background: Both delinquency and out-of-home care (OOHC) are associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Reform schools (RS) are Finnish OOHC institutions for adolescents with severe conduct problems. Objective: We investigated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among individuals with a history of RS placement. Participants and setting: The data consisted of individuals placed in a RS on the last day of the years 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 or 2011 (N = 1074) and a matched comparison group (N = 5313). Methods: Information on lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, grouped into eight categories, was collected from the nationwide health care registry. The follow-up time ranged from 17 to 44 years. Results: Among RS population, 59.5 % had some psychiatric diagnosis, which was 12-fold compared to general population peers (hazard ratio HR = 12.4). The most prevalent categories were Conduct disorders and/or ADHD (30.7 %, HR = 41.5), Substance use disorders (29.3 %, HR = 16.8,), Other childhood disorders (8.6 %, HR = 11.9) and Personality disorders (10.9 %, HR = 11.6) followed by Mental retardation (6.4 %, HR = 8.4), Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (9.7 %, HR = 7.9), Affective disorders (17.9 %, HR = 7.3), and Disorders of psychological development (6.1 %, HR = 4.4). All differences were statistically significant (p < .001). Conclusions: RS background associates with an excess of psychiatric disorders, which adds to the burden of other known risk factors for adult age well-being. Effective screening and intervention for psychiatric problems should be available both during the RS placement and after-care.Peer reviewe

Olika yrkeskategoriers önskningar kring sjukdomsförebyggande arbete på en vårdcentral: Med utgångspunkt från Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer

Socialstyrelsen gav 2011 ut nya riktlinjer för sjukdomsförebyggande metoder. Det finns idag inte angivna metoder för hur arbetet med riktlinjerna ska organiseras. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att beskriva olika yrkeskategoriers önskningar kring sjukdomsförebyggande arbete på en vårdcentral med utgångspunkt från Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer. Tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med olika yrkeskategorier. Resultatet visar huvudkategorin Förutsättningar med subkategorierna Resurser och Förhållningssätt samt huvudkategorin Organisation med subkategorierna Identifiera och bedöma patienter, Planera patientens hälsovård, Arbetsformer samt Uppföljning av patientens hälsovård. Patientens egenansvar för sin hälsa samt samverkan mellan alla yrkeskategorier beskrivs som viktiga förutsättningar. Informanterna uppgav önskemål om att ha en hälsomottagning med en hälsospecialist, ett hälsorum, flera olika former av bedömande och behandlande hälsosamtal samt gruppverksamheter

Measurement of line widths and permanent electric dipole moment change of the Ce 4f-5d transition in Y_2SiO_5 for a qubit readout scheme in rare-earth ion based quantum computing

In this work the inhomogeneous (zero-phonon line) and homogeneous line widths, and one projection of the permanent electric dipole moment change for the Ce 4f-5d transition in Y_2SiO_5 were measured in order to investigate the possibility for using Ce as a sensor to detect the hyperfine state of a spatially close-lying Pr or Eu ion. The experiments were carried out on Ce doped or Ce-Pr co-doped single Y_2SiO_5 crystals. The homogeneous line width was measured to be about 3 MHz, which is essentially limited by the excited state lifetime. Based on the line width measurements, the oscillator strength, absorption cross section and saturation intensity were calculated to be about 9*10^-7, 5*10^-19 m^2 and 1*10^7 W/m^2, respectively. One projection of the difference in permanent dipole moment, Delt_miu_Ce, between the ground and excited states of the Ce ion was measured as 6.3 * 10^-30 C*m, which is about 26 times as large as that of Pr ions. The measurements done on Ce ions indicate that the Ce ion is a promising candidate to be used as a probe to read out a single qubit ion state for the quantum computing using rare-earth ions.Comment: 9 figures, 8 page

Interactions between Glutathione S-Transferase P1, Tumor Necrosis Factor, and Traffic-Related Air Pollution for Development of Childhood Allergic Disease

BACKGROUND: Air pollutants may induce airway inflammation and sensitization due to generation of reactive oxygen species. The genetic background to these mechanisms could be important effect modifiers. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess interactions between exposure to air pollution and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) genes for development of childhood allergic disease. METHODS: In a birth cohort originally of 4,089 children, we assessed air pollution from local traffic using nitrogen oxides (traffic NO(x)) as an indicator based on emission databases and dispersion modeling and estimated individual exposure through geocoding of home addresses. We measured peak expiratory flow rates and specific IgE for inhalant and food allergens at 4 years of age, and selected children with asthma symptoms up to 4 years of age (n = 542) and controls (n = 542) for genotyping. RESULTS: Interaction effects on allergic sensitization were indicated between several GSTP1 SNPs and traffic NO(x) exposure during the first year of life (p(nominal) &lt; 0.001-0.06). Children with Ile105Val/Val105Val genotypes were at increased risk of sensitization to any allergen when exposed to elevated levels of traffic NO(x) (for a difference between the 5th and 95th percentile of exposure: odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-5.3). In children with TNF-308 GA/AA genotypes, the GSTP1-NO(x) interaction effect was even more pronounced. We observed no conclusive interaction effects for ADRB2. CONCLUSION: The effect of air pollution from traffic on childhood allergy appears to be modified by GSTP1 and TNF variants, supporting a role of genes controlling the antioxidative system and inflammatory response in allergy

Normal neonatal TREC and KREC levels in early onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objective: Dysregulated central tolerance predisposes to autoimmune diseases. Reduced thymic output as well as compromised central B cell tolerance checkpoints have been proposed in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to investigate neonatal levels of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa-deleting element excision circles (KRECs), as markers of T- and B-cell output at birth, in patients with early onset JIA. Methods: TRECs and KRECs were quantitated by multiplex qPCR from dried blood spots (DBS), collected 2–5 days after birth, in 156 children with early onset JIA and in 312 matched controls. Results: When analysed from neonatal dried blood spots, the median TREC level was 78 (IQR 55–113) in JIA cases and 88 (IQR 57–117) copies/well in controls. The median KREC level was 51 (IQR 35–69) and 53 (IQR 35–74) copies/well, in JIA cases and controls, respectively. Stratification by sex and age at disease onset did not reveal any difference in the levels of TRECs and KRECs. Conclusion: T- and B-cell output at birth, as measured by TREC and KREC levels in neonatal dried blood spots, does not differ in children with early onset JIA compared to controls

Long-Term Follow-Up of Newborns with 22q11 Deletion Syndrome and Low TRECs.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadBackground: Population-based neonatal screening using T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) identifies infants with profound T lymphopenia, as seen in cases of severe combined immunodeficiency, and in a subgroup of infants with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Purpose: To investigate the long-term prognostic value of low levels of TRECs in newborns with 22q11DS. Methods: Subjects with 22q11DS and low TRECs at birth (22q11Low, N=10), matched subjects with 22q11DS and normal TRECs (22q11Normal, N=10), and matched healthy controls (HC, N=10) were identified. At follow-up (median age 16 years), clinical and immunological characterizations, covering lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulins, TRECs, T-cell receptor repertoires, and relative telomere length (RTL) measurements were performed. Results: At follow-up, the 22q11Low group had lower numbers of naïve T-helper cells, naïve T-regulatory cells, naïve cytotoxic T cells, and persistently lower TRECs compared to healthy controls. Receptor repertoires showed skewed V-gene usage for naïve T-helper cells, whereas for naïve cytotoxic T cells, shorter RTL and a trend towards higher clonality were found. Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed a clear distinction between the three groups and a skewing towards Th17 differentiation of T-helper cells, particularly in the 22q11Low individuals. Perturbations of B-cell subsets were found in both the 22q11Low and 22q11Normal group compared to the HC group, with larger proportions of naïve B cells and lower levels of memory B cells, including switched memory B cells. Conclusions: This long-term follow-up study shows that 22q11Low individuals have persistent immunologic aberrations and increased risk for immune dysregulation, indicating the necessity of lifelong monitoring. Clinical implications: This study elucidates the natural history of childhood immune function in newborns with 22q11DS and low TRECs, which may facilitate the development of programs for long-term monitoring and therapeutic choices. Keywords: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome; DiGeorge syndrome; T lymphopenia; TREC; long-term outcome; newborn screening; severe combined immunodeficiency.University of Gothenburg Regional research grant Region Halland Swedish Research Council European Commission Queen Silvia Jubilee Foundation Swedish Primary Immunodeficiency Organization Sparbanken Foundation Varberg Frimurare Barnhusdirektionen Foundation Gothenburg Medical Society Medical Faculty at Umea University Cancer Research Foundation in Northern Sweden Swedish government county councils, the ALF-agreement Umea University Vasterbottens County Counci

Machine Learning based histology phenotyping to investigate the epidemiologic and genetic basis of adipocyte morphology and cardiometabolic traits

Genetic studies have recently highlighted the importance of fat distribution, as well as overall adiposity, in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. Using a large study (n = 1,288) from 4 independent cohorts, we aimed to investigate the relationship between mean adipocyte area and obesity-related traits, and identify genetic factors associated with adipocyte cell size. To perform the first large-scale study of automatic adipocyte phenotyping using both histological and genetic data, we developed a deep learning-based method, the Adipocyte U-Net, to rapidly derive mean adipocyte area estimates from histology images. We validate our method using three state-of-the-art approaches; CellProfiler, Adiposoft and floating adipocytes fractions, all run blindly on two external cohorts. We observe high concordance between our method and the state-of-the-art approaches (Adipocyte U-net vs. CellProfiler: R2visceral = 0.94, P < 2.2 × 10-16, R2subcutaneous = 0.91, P < 2.2 × 10-16), and faster run times (10,000 images: 6mins vs 3.5hrs). We applied the Adipocyte U-Net to 4 cohorts with histology, genetic, and phenotypic data (total N = 820). After meta-analysis, we found that mean adipocyte area positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (Psubq = 8.13 × 10-69, βsubq = 0.45; Pvisc = 2.5 × 10-55, βvisc = 0.49; average R2 across cohorts = 0.49) and that adipocytes in subcutaneous depots are larger than their visceral counterparts (Pmeta = 9.8 × 10-7). Lastly, we performed the largest GWAS and subsequent meta-analysis of mean adipocyte area and intra-individual adipocyte variation (N = 820). Despite having twice the number of samples than any similar study, we found no genome-wide significant associations, suggesting that larger sample sizes and a homogenous collection of adipose tissue are likely needed to identify robust genetic associations.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Publisher URL to access it via the publisher's site.C.A.G received a pump priming grant from Novo Nordisk to carry out this work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.published version, accepted versio