Dynaamiset perhesuhteet vauvaperheissä

&nbsp; Varhaisten perhesuhteiden merkitys lapsen kehitykselle on ilmeinen. Vauva osallistuu ja vaikuttaa jo varhain perheen vuorovaikutukseen ja on toisaalta my&ouml;s altis muiden perheenj&auml;senten ja n&auml;iden v&auml;listen suhteiden vaikutuksille. Perheen vuorovaikutuksen laadun merkitys lapsen hyvinvoinnille onkin noussut keskeiseen asemaan perheiden parissa teht&auml;v&auml;ss&auml; kliinisess&auml; ja kasvatusty&ouml;ss&auml;. T&auml;ss&auml; katsauksessa tarkastelemme perheen sis&auml;isi&auml; suhteita 1) parisuhteen ja yhteisvanhemmuuden, 2) triadisen vuorovaikutuksen ja 3) kokonaisvaltaisten perhesysteemien n&auml;k&ouml;kulmista. Esittelemme olemassa olevan tutkimustiedon valossa vauvaperheiden vuorovaikutussuhteiden lainalaisuuksia sek&auml; sit&auml;, mill&auml; tavoin perhedynamiikka on yhteydess&auml; lapsen psykososiaaliseen kehitykseen ja ennustaa sit&auml;.</p

Attachment and brooding rumination during children's transition to adolescence: the moderating role of effortful control

Brooding rumination is a maladaptive form of emotion regulation and confers a risk for psychopathology. Insecure attachment and low cognitive self-regulation are important antecedents of brooding. Yet, little is known about the developmental interplay between these two systems. Thus, we tested how children's attachment and cognitive self-regulation, conceptualized as effortful control (EC), interact to predict brooding. The participants in the three-wave longitudinal study were n = 157 children (10 to 14 years) and their mothers. Children reported their attachment and brooding, and mothers reported children's EC. Results showed that children with low avoidance received benefit from high EC to decrease brooding, whereas children with high anxiety brooded irrespective of EC. Thus, high EC may foster constructive emotion regulation among securely attached children, whereas the beneficial effects of high EC on emotional functioning seem to be overridden by insecurity. The functional role of cognitive self-regulation on different attachment strategies is discussed.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Dynamics of attachment and emotion regulation in daily life : uni- and bidirectional associations

Attachment theory proposes that the activation of the attachment system enacts emotion regulation (ER) to maintain security or cope with insecurity. However, the effects of ER on attachment states and their bidirectional influences remain poorly understood. In this ecological momentary assessment study, we examined the dynamics between attachment and ER. We hypothesised that attachment states and ER influence each other through time. Specifically, we hypothesised bidirectional short-term cycles between state attachment security and reappraisal, state attachment anxiety and rumination, and state attachment avoidance and suppression. We also tested how trait attachment is related to state attachment and ER. One hundred twenty-two participants (M-age = 26.4) completed the Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised and reported state attachment and ER seven times daily for seven days. The results were only partly consistent with our cycle hypotheses yet revealed a cycle between low state attachment security and rumination that was attenuated by reappraisal. Moreover, rumination and suppression predicted increased insecure states, and reappraisal predicted increased secure and insecure states. Finally, trait attachment showed associations with state attachment and ER. Our study suggests regulatory dynamics between attachment and ER and opens important questions about their functional relationship in maintaining attachment-related behavioural patterns and emotional well-being.Peer reviewe

Determinants of adolescent sleep : Early family environment, obstetric factors, and emotion regulation

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Adolescent Attachment Profiles Are Associated With Mental Health and Risk-Taking Behavior

This person-oriented study aimed to identify adolescents’ hierarchical attachment profiles with parents and peers, and to analyze associations between the profiles and adolescent psychosocial adjustment. Participants were 449 Finnish 17–19-year-olds reporting their attachments to mother, father, best friend, and romantic partner and details on mental health (internalizing symptoms, inattention/hyperactivity, and anger control problems) and risk-taking behavior (substance use and sexual risk-taking). Attachment was measured with Experiences in Close Relationships – Relationship Structures (ECR-RS); internalizing, inattention/hyperactivity, and anger control problems with Self-Report of Personality — Adolescent (SRP—A) of the Behavior Assessment System for Children, third edition (BASC-3); substance use with the Consumption scale of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) and items from the Finnish School Health Promotion Study; and sexual risk-taking behavior with the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events (CARE). Latent profile analysis identified five attachment profiles: “All secure” (39%), “All insecure” (11%), “Parents insecure – Peers secure” (21%), “Parents secure – Friend insecure” (10%), and “Parents secure – Partner insecure” (19%). “All insecure” adolescents showed the highest and “All secure” adolescents the lowest levels of mental health problems and substance use. Further, parental attachment security seemed to specifically prevent substance use and anger control problems, while peer attachment security prevented internalizing problems. Our findings help both understand the organization of attachment hierarchies in adolescence and refine the role of specific attachment relationships in psychosocial adjustment, which can be important for clinical interventions in adolescence.Peer reviewe

Paternal mental health trajectory classes and early fathering experiences : Prospective study on a normative and formerly infertile sample

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Do family members sleep alike? Sleep features among mothers, fathers, and adolescents

Objective To identify within-family groups according to sleep schedule, problems, and impact, reflecting similarities or differences in adolescents, mothers, and fathers and to examine how mental health and attachments associate with these triadic sleep groups.Background Family relationships shape sleeping, but within-family research in adolescence is scarce.Method Adolescents (17-18 years; 60% girls; n = 438), mothers (n = 448), and fathers (n = 358) filled in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The adolescents reported mental health problems by the Behavior Assessment System and the parents by the General Health Questionnaire. All reported attachments by the Experiences in Close Relationships.Results Cluster analysis identified four triadic sleep groups: "Good family sleep" (47%), "Poor adolescent and maternal sleep" (29%), "Poor paternal sleep" (16%), and "Poor family sleep" (8%). Adolescents in the "Poor family sleep" group had more mental health problems than they did in other groups, and fathers in the "Poor paternal sleep" group showed higher psychiatric symptoms than in the "Good family sleep" or "Poor adolescent and maternal sleep" groups. Adolescents in the "Poor family sleep" group reported higher insecure-anxious attachments than they did in other groups, and fathers reported higher insecure-avoidant and insecure-anxious attachments in the "Poor paternal sleep" than they did in other groups.Conclusion A family systems approach provides new insight into sleep, mental health, and attachments.Implications Interventions to improve sleep quality should consider family dynamics that may underlie potential sleep problems, and sleep as a public health issue can benefit from knowledge about family mental health and attachments.</p

Vanhempien masennus- ja ahdistusoireet lisääntyivät COVID-19-pandemian alkuvaiheessa - FinnBrain-syntymäkohorttitutkimus

JOHDANTO : Aikuisten psyykkisen oireilun on havaittu lisääntyneen COVID-19-pandemian aikana. Harvassa tutkimuksessa on selvitetty pienten ja kouluikäisten lasten vanhempien oireiden muutosta toistomittausasetelmassa.MENETELMÄT : FinnBrain-syntymäkohorttiin osallistuvien 5-8-vuotiaiden lasten 651 vanhemman pandemiakeväänä (toukokuu 2020) raportoimia masennus- ja ahdistusoireita verrattiin pandemiaa edeltäneeseen aikaan (kun lapsi oli kahden tai neljän vuoden ikäinen vuosina 2014-2019). TULOKSET : Vastaajien masennus- ja ahdistusoireet lisääntyivät pandemiaa edeltäneeseen aikaan verrattuna. Masennuksen seulonta-arvon (EPDS ≥ 10) ylittävien vastaajien määrä jopa kaksinkertaistui (15 % vs 28 %, p ​​​​​​​PÄÄTELMÄT : Koska vanhempien psyykkinen hyvinvointi on ratkaisevaa lasten hyvinvoinnin kannalta, on tärkeää tunnistaa pandemiaan liittyvä pienten ja kouluikäisten lasten vanhempien kuormittuneisuus. Elinpiirin kaventumisesta kärsiville ja jo oireileville vanhemmille tulisi tarjota riittävää tukea.</p

Emotional Awareness and Internalizing Problems : A Preliminary Test of State and Trait Associations among Adolescents

Introduction: Difficulties in emotional awareness (EA) are often linked to the risk of internalizing problems (IP). Most empirical studies have found this association but have not considered possible state- and trait-related fluctuations in EA and IP assessments. Aims: We tested the directionality of the state-level associations, that is, whether EA at Time 1 predicts IP at Time 2 or the other way around. In line with previous research, we hypothesized that low EA would predict a subsequent increase in IP, as difficulties in emotional awareness dispose one to emotional problems. As an alternative model, we tested the trait-level associations between EA and IP. We hypothesized that a negative latent correlation exists between EA and IP, as common factors may cause them to be associated at the trait level. Methods: Participants were 68 students who completed the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire at two-time points with a one-month interval. We used the Cross-lagged Panel Model to test the state-level associations and structural equation modeling to test trait-level effects. Results: Results displayed no directional effect of EA on IP, and neither did IP predict EA within one month. However, we found a trait-level correlation between EA and IP. We discuss the preliminary results between state and trait level EA and IP in the context of the early developmental environment. Conclusions: This study is a preliminary test of state- and trait-level associations between EA and IP, which could be valuable for practitioners and clinicians.publishedVersionPeer reviewe