2,112 research outputs found
Effect of phosphorous supplementation in the formulated fish feed on carcass quality of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus supplementation in the
formulated fish diet on carcass quality of Nile tilapia in net-cages suspended in fertilized
earthen ponds. In the experiment 3% di-calcium phosphate (DCP), 3% triple supper
phosphate (TSP) and 7% 16:20 inorganic fertilizer were added as phosphorous sources to
three diets containing fish meal as main protein ingredient. Feeding tilapia in net-cages
with these diets significantly (p<O.OS) improved the carcass quality and bone
phosphorous content of Nile tilapia over fish fed with same diet without phosphorous
supplementation and fish given no feed. The final body composition and bone
phosphorous content of Nile tilapia fed with DCP, TSP and 16:20 grade fertilizer
supplemented diets were comparable
Alternative phosphorus sources for formulated fish feed
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using inorganic fertilizer
triple super phosphate (TSP), inorganic fertilizer 16:20 (a 16:20 grade fertilizer contains
16 percent N and 20 percent P20 5), rice-bran and duck-manure as phosphorus sources in
formulated fish feed for Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Experiment was conducted
for a period of 2 months in net-cages suspended in fertilized earthen ponds and all male
sex-reversed Nile tilapia (9.39- 10.37 g) were used in the experiment. Seven treatments
including one non-feed treatment were used in this experiment. Treatment 1 (non-feed),
treatment 2 (-P) where fish fed with phosphorus non-supplemented diet acted as control
1 and treatment 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 where fish fed with 3% di-calcium phosphate (DCP), 3%
triple supper phosphate (TSP), 7% 16:20 inorganic fertilizer, 30% rice-bran and 30%
duck-manure supplemented diet, respectively. Results showed that the TSP and 16:20
grade inorganic fertilizer supplementation in diets as phosphorus sources were
equivalent to DCP (Di-calcium phosphate) supplementation in terms of growth
performance, feed utilization efficiency and final body composition of Nile tilapia. Ricebran
and duck-manure were not found as good phosphorus sources
mtDNA lineage analysis of mouse L-cell lines reveals the accumulation of multiple mtDNA mutants and intermolecular recombination
The role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and mtDNA recombination in cancer cell proliferation and developmental biology remains controversial. While analyzing the mtDNAs of several mouse L cell lines, we discovered that every cell line harbored multiple mtDNA mutants. These included four missense mutations, two frameshift mutations, and one tRNA homopolymer expansion. The LA9 cell lines lacked wild-type mtDNAs but harbored a heteroplasmic mixture of mtDNAs, each with a different combination of these variants. We isolated each of the mtDNAs in a separate cybrid cell line. This permitted determination of the linkage phase of each mtDNA and its physiological characteristics. All of the polypeptide mutations inhibited their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. However, they also increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the level of ROS production was proportional to the cellular proliferation rate. By comparing the mtDNA haplotypes of the different cell lines, we were able to reconstruct the mtDNA mutational history of the L-L929 cell line. This revealed that every heteroplasmic L-cell line harbored a mtDNA that had been generated by intracellular mtDNA homologous recombination. Therefore, deleterious mtDNA mutations that increase ROS production can provide a proliferative advantage to cancer or stem cells, and optimal combinations of mutant loci can be generated through recombination
Cultural differences in intimacy: The influence of gender-role ideology and individualism-collectivism
Two studies examined emotional intimacy in European Canadian and Chinese Canadian dating relationships. Cultural differences in gender-role ideology and individualism–collectivism
were hypothesized to differentially contribute to selfdisclosure and responsiveness, and in turn, intimacy. Study 1 revealed that Chinese Canadians’ lower intimacy relative to European Canadians was mediated by their greater gender-role traditionalism but not by their individualism or collectivism. Study 2 further linked greater gender-role traditionalism to
lower self-disclosure, and in turn, lower intimacy. Results also revealed that Chinese Canadians’ lower intimacy mediated their lower relationship satisfaction and higher rate of relationship termination in Study 1, but that Chinese Canadians were not any more likely to terminate their relationships in Study 2
Orbital Kondo behavior from dynamical structural defects
The interaction between an atom moving in a model double-well potential and
the conduction electrons is treated using renormalization group methods in
next-to-leading logarithmic order. A large number of excited states is taken
into account and the Kondo temperature is computed as a function of
barrier parameters. We find that for special parameters can be close to
and it can be of the same order of magnitude as the renormalized
splitting . However, in the perturbative regime we always find that
T_K \alt \Delta with a T_K \alt 1 {\rm K} [Aleiner {\em et al.}, Phys.
Rev. Lett. {\bf 86}, 2629 (2001)]. We also find that remains
unrenormalized at energies above the Debye frequency, .Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, RevTe
The Sub-Surface Structure of a Large Sample of Active Regions
We employ ring-diagram analysis to study the sub-surface thermal structure of
active regions. We present results using a large number of active regions over
the course of Solar Cycle 23. We present both traditional inversions of
ring-diagram frequency differences, with a total sample size of 264, and a
statistical study using Principal Component Analysis. We confirm earlier
results on smaller samples that sound speed and adiabatic index are changed
below regions of strong magnetic field. We find that sound speed is decreased
in the region between approximately r=0.99R_sun and r=0.995R_sun (depths of 3Mm
to 7Mm), and increased in the region between r=0.97R_sun and r=0.985R_sun
(depths of 11Mm to 21Mm). The adiabatic index is enhanced in the same deeper
layers that sound-speed enhancement is seen. A weak decrease in adiabatic index
is seen in the shallower layers in many active regions. We find that the
magnitudes of these perturbations depend on the strength of the surface
magnetic field, but we find a great deal of scatter in this relation, implying
other factors may be relevant.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physic
Constructing 3D crystal templates for photonic band gap materials using holographic optical tweezers
A simple and robust method is presented for the construction of 3-dimensional crystals from silica and polystyrene microspheres. The crystals are suitable for use as templates in the production of three-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) materials. Manipulation of the microspheres was achieved using a dynamic holographic assembler (DHA) consisting of computer controlled holographic optical tweezers. Attachment of the microspheres was achieved by adjusting their colloidal interactions during assembly. The method is demonstrated by constructing a variety of 3-dimensional crystals using spheres ranging in size from 3 µm down to 800 nm. A major advantage of the technique is that it may be used to build structures that cannot be made using self-assembly. This is illustrated through the construction of crystals in which line defects have been deliberately included, and by building simple cubic structures
Dual paths node-disjoint routing for data salvation in mobile ad hoc
The operational patterns of multifarious backup strategies on AODV-based (Ad-hoc On-Demand Vector) routing protocols are elaborated in this article. To have a broader picture on relevant routing protocols together, variants of AODV-based backup routing protocols are formulated by corresponding algorithms, and also each of them are simulated to obtain the necessary performance metrics for comparisons in terms of packet delivery ratio, average latency delay, and the normalized routing load. Then to make the process of data salvation more efficiently in case of link failure, we explore the possibility of combining the AODV backup routing strategy and on-demand node-disjoint multipath routing protocols. This article proposes an improved approach named DPNR (Dual Paths Node-disjoint Routing) for data salvation, a routing protocol that maintains the only two shortest backup paths in the source and destination nodes. The DPNR scheme can alleviate the redundancy-frames overhead during the process of data salvation by the neighboring intermediate nodes. Our simulation results have demonstrated that DPNR scheme delivers good data delivery performance while restricting the impacts of transmission collision and channel contention. The mathematical rationale for our proposed approach is stated as well
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