Wear promoted in the apical third of simulated canals after instrumentation with protaper universal system

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the wear in the apical third of simulate canals after preparation with ProTaper Universal Rotary System. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24 sets of instruments were used in 24 simulated canals in transparent epoxy resin blocks with degree of curvature of either 20°or 40°. The canals were photographed preoperatively and after preparation of the apical stop with ProTaper F3, F4 and F5 instruments. The initial and final images were exported to Adobe Photoshop® software and superimposed to detect the root canal wall differences (in mm) between them, in two points located 1 (A) and 5 (B) mm from the point where the working length was established. Data were subjected to analysis of variance to verify the existence of interaction among the factors: canal curvature, instrument size and curve location. Significant level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Regardless of the location and the canal curvature, F4 and F5 instruments produced the greatest wear (

Deslocamento apical produzido por instrumentos de níquel-titânio acionados a motor e limas de aço inoxidável

The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical displacement produced by different rotary nickel-titanium instruments, testing the hypothesis that rotary systems with nickel-titanium instruments produce lower mean values of apical displacement than stainless steel hand instruments. A total of 100 maxillary permanent first molars were selected for the study. The mesiobuccal roots were sectioned at the top cervical third and embedded in blocks of self-curing resin. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups and the root canals were prepared using the following nickel-titanium instruments: Group 1 - Quantec system 2000 (Analytic Endodontics, Mexico); Group 2 - Pro-File T.0.04 (Dentsply/Maillefer, Switzerland); Group 3 - Pro-File Series 29 T.0.04 (Dentsply Tulsa, Switzerland); Group 4 - Pow-R T.0.02 (Moyco-Union Broach, USA). Specimens in Group 5 were prepared using stainless steel hand instruments Flexofile (Dentsply/Maillefer, Switzerland). All root canals were previously submitted to cervical preparation using Orifice Shaper instruments #1, 2, 3 and 4 (Dentsply/Maillefer, Switzerland). After odontometry, the remaining root canal was shaped employing increasingly larger instruments, so that the final instrument corresponded to Quantec #9, Pro-File Series 29 #6, and #35 for the other groups. Specimens in Groups 1 to 4 were prepared using an electric handpiece with 16:1 reduction at 350 rpm. The specimens in Group 5 were manually prepared. Apical displacement was measured and recorded by means of radiographic superimposition on a specific desk. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) of the results revealed that all groups presented apical displacements. Considering only the nickel-titanium instruments, Group 4 showed the lowest mean value while Groups 2 and 3 produced the highest mean apical displacement values (pO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o deslocamento apical produzido por diferentes instrumentos de níquel-titânio acionadas a motor testando a hipótese de que os sistemas rotatórios que usam instrumentos de níquel-titânio produzem valores médios de deslocamento apical menores que as limas manuais de aço inox. Foram utilizados 100 primeiros molares permanentes superiores, cujas raízes mesiovestibulares foram separadas e incluídas em blocos de resina autopolimerizável. Os corpos de prova foram divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos e os canais radiculares preparados com instrumentos de níquel-titânio: Grupo 1 - sistema Quantec 2000 (Analytic Endodontics, México); Grupo 2 - Pro-File T.0.04 (Dentsply/Maillefer, Suíça); Grupo 3 - Pro-File Série 29 T.0.04 (Dentsply Tulsa, Suíça); Grupo 4 - Pow-R T.0.02 (Moyco-Union Broach, EUA); e Grupo 5 (limas manuais) - limas manuais de aço inox Flexofile (Dentsply/Maillefer, Suíça). Todos os canais mesiovestibulares foram submetidos a um preparo cervical prévio utilizando-se instrumentos Orifice Shaper números 1, 2, 3 e 4 (Dentsply/Maillefer, Suíça). Realizada a odontometria, o restante do canal radicular foi modelado a partir dos instrumentos do menor para o maior calibre de tal ordem que o instrumento final de preparo correspondeu ao número 9 para o Quantec, número 06 para o Pro-File Série 29 e o número 35 para os demais grupos. Nos grupos de 1 a 4 foi utilizado motor elétrico com contra-ângulo de redução de 16:1 numa velocidade de 350 rpm. No grupo 5 o preparo foi realizado manualmente. A análise dos resultados (ANOVA), obtidos pela sobreposição radiográfica numa plataforma especifica, demonstraram que todos os grupos apresentaram deslocamentos apicais, sendo que o menor valor médio foi verificado no grupo 4 e os maiores valores médios foram observados nos grupos 2 e 3 (

Dentistry Specialties Center: A qualitative evaluation in the perspective of the participant students

This study aimed to evaluate of qualitative form the expectation and the training that the CEO has proportionate to the student of graduation in Dentistry of the ULBRA. For this, a questionnaire with six open questions to the academics was carried out to students who were registered in this curricular discipline. Of the 43 enrolled students 29 (67%) had answered the questions. By means of the analysis of the gotten answers it can be observed that this curricular period of training was very important for the development critic and professional of the participant students

Análise Comparativa In Vitro do Desgaste Promovido nos Terços Cervical e Medio dos Canais Radiculares Mésio-vestibulares de Molares Superiores pelo Sistema K3 e Limas Manuais Associadas a Brocas Gates Glidden

Root canal instrumentation is one of the most important part in endodontic practice. The purpose of this study was to make an analysis of dental thickness in mesial and distal surfaces of maxillary mesiobuccal molar root canals after instrumentation with Gates Glidden drills and stainless steel hand files versus nickel titanium K3 rotary files. Twenty roots were cross-sectioned at 1mm apically to the canal root canal orifice and 1mm coronally to the curvature. Ten root canals had a coronal flaring with Gates Glidden 1 and Gates Glidden 2 and instrumentation with stainless steel hand files. Another ten roots, were shaped using K3 rotary files. The dental thickness was measured before and after the instrumentation in a stereomicroscope. The results were analysed by Student t Test (pA instrumentação dos canais radiculares é uma das etapas mais importantes da terapia endodôntica. Este estudo realizou uma análise comparativa do desgaste promovido nas paredes mesial e distal do canal mésio-vestibular de molares superiores, terços cervical e médio, pela associação das brocas Gates Glidden (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)) com limas manuais e pelo sistema automatizado K3 (SybronEndo, CA, USA). A amostra consistiu em vinte raízes que foram, primeiramente, incluídas em uma modificação da mufla proposta por Bramante et al (1987). Após a inclusão, as mesmas foram seccionadas transversalmente em duas superfícies de observação, 1 mm além do orifício de entrada do canal e 1mm aquém do início dacurvatura. O preparo cervical de dez raízes foi realizado com as brocas Gates Glidden números 1 e 2, sendo a instrumentação concluída com limas manuais. As outras dez raízes tiveram seus condutos preparados pelo sistema K3. As espessuras de dentina das paredes analisadas foram medidas antes e após os preparos através do uso de um microscópio metalográfico (Union), com ocular graduada, no aumento de 50x. Os resultados demonstraram valores médios de desgaste nas paredes analisadas maiores nos preparos realizados com a associação das brocas Gates Glidden e limas manuais. Somente na parede distal 1mm da entrada do canal o sistema K3 apresentou o valor médio pouco superior. Os dados foram submetidos ao Teste t de Student para amostras não pareadas, não apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Concluiu-se através deste trabalho, que as técnicas de preparo apresentam um desempenho semelhante quanto ao desgaste radicular dos terços cervical e médio

Dust in Supernovae and Supernova Remnants II: Processing and survival

Observations have recently shown that supernovae are efficient dust factories, as predicted for a long time by theoretical models. The rapid evolution of their stellar progenitors combined with their efficiency in precipitating refractory elements from the gas phase into dust grains make supernovae the major potential suppliers of dust in the early Universe, where more conventional sources like Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars did not have time to evolve. However, dust yields inferred from observations of young supernovae or derived from models do not reflect the net amount of supernova-condensed dust able to be expelled from the remnants and reach the interstellar medium. The cavity where the dust is formed and initially resides is crossed by the high velocity reverse shock which is generated by the pressure of the circumstellar material shocked by the expanding supernova blast wave. Depending on grain composition and initial size, processing by the reverse shock may lead to substantial dust erosion and even complete destruction. The goal of this review is to present the state of the art about processing and survival of dust inside supernova remnants, in terms of theoretical modelling and comparison to observations