You Can Use Hidden Recorders in Florida

The Florida Supreme Court faces a difficult decision in McDade v. State. The court must decide whether the statements recorded on a hidden recording device can be used to convict a man accused of sexually assaulting his step-daughter. This article traces the controversial history of Florida\u27s Security of Communications Act and shows that it does not in ban the use of secret recordings of face-to-face conversations by any part to the conversations. The Florida courts, however, have misread the law for decades and this article urges the Florida Supreme Court to set the record straight in McDade. This article argues that if the Florida Supreme Court bans the use of hidden recording devices, then its decision would violate the First Amendment

A discussion on different techniques for GIS data collecting, precision, accuracy and quality of database

Nowadays, is a common sense the importance of geotechnologies in urban planning, transportation engineering and other different areas of knowledge. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the geotechnologies that has been used increasingly. The collection of information and creation of a database are the most expensive, complex and important task in a GIS project. The collection of information results from the direct and indirect measurement of the real world. The reason for creating databases is to register and the maintain the different sources of collecting information. This paper has the objective to present the different techniques for data collection as input in GIS, as well as a brief discussion on the cost associated with the collection of data. Furthermore, comments on precision, accuracy and the quality of database are given

Failure Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Damage Mechanics and Classical Laminate Theory

The prediction of the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under bending is essential for the perfect design of these elements. Usually, the classical models do not incorporate the physical nonlinear behavior of concrete under tension and compression, which can underestimate the deformations in the structural element under short and long-term loads. In the present work, a variational formulation based on the Finite Element Method is presented to predict the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The physical nonlinearity due cracking of concrete is considered by utilization of damage concept in the definition of constitutive models, and the lamination theory it is used in discretization of section cross of beams. In the layered approach, the reinforced concrete element is formulated as a laminated composite that consists of thin layers, of concrete or steel that has been modeled as elasticperfectly plastic material. The comparison of numerical load-displacement results with experimental results found in the literature demonstrates a good approximation of the model and validates the application of the damage model in the Classical Laminate Theory to predict mechanical failure of reinforced concrete beam. The results obtained by the numerical model indicated a variation in the stress–strain behavior of each beam, while for under-reinforced beams, the compressive stresses did not reach the peak stress but the stress–strain behavior was observed in the nonlinear regime at failure, for the other beams, the concrete had reached its ultimate strain, and the beam’s neutral axis was close to the centroid of the cross-section

Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: literature review

OBJECTIVE: the objective of this manuscript was to perform a critical review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis e treatment of T2DM in youth. SOURCES OF DATA: this review is based on the relevant literature published. The sources available for the authors were integrated with sources identified through Medline database. The key words used for searching were Type 2 Diabetes in the Youth in the last ten years. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: the pathophysiology (altered beta-cell function and insulin resistance) of T2DM in youth is similar to adult's pathophysiology. Familiar Type 2 diabetes history, presence of obesity, acanthosis nigricans, high fasting plasma C-peptide levels and absence of islet-cell auto-antibodies are important clues to diagnostic the T2DM in youth. Five to 25% of these patients can present ketosis at diagnosis. Insulin therapy can be discontinued during the evolution. Compliance to diet and an exercise program essential aspects of the treatment of adolescents. CONCLUSION: as obesity in the young is currently increasing in several developed or developing countries, T2DM in the youth can be consider an emergent problem also in our population.OBJETIVO: análise crítica dos estudos sobre a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do DM2 no jovem. MÉTODOS: revisão da literatura nos últimos 10 anos, através de pesquisa no banco de dados Medline, utilizando os termos diabetes do tipo 2 no jovem. RESULTADOS: a fisiopatologia do DM2 no jovem é semelhante à do adulto, e compreende tanto a resistência à ação da insulina como uma alteração na função da célula beta-pancreática. O antecedente familiar para DM2, a presença de obesidade, a acanthosis nigricans, o peptídeo C de jejum superior a 0,6 ng/ml, a ausência de auto-anticorpos antiilhotas pancreáticas, em combinações variáveis, são pontos importantes para o diagnóstico desse tipo de DM. Cinco a 25% dos jovens com esse tipo de DM podem apresentar cetoacidose no diagnóstico. Nesses pacientes, o tratamento inicial com insulina é possível de ser descontinuado durante a evolução. A aderência à dieta e ao exercício físico são os elementos mais importantes do tratamento destes adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: como a obesidade nos jovens tem aumentado, tanto em países industrializados como nos países em industrialização, o DM2 no jovem pode ser considerado um problema emergente também na nossa população.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Centro de DiabetesUNIFESP, EPM, Centro de DiabetesSciEL

A new and concise strategy to the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-2-amino-4-oxo-4-(pyridine-2-yl) butanoic acid from aspartic acid

The a-amino acid (S)-5 was synthesized using in the key step a chemoselective nucleophilic substitution between a diester derived from L-aspartic acid and 2-lithium pyridine. The overall yield (13%, 5 steps) was similar to those previously described by our group for the R isomer (the first exogen full agonist of the NMDA receptors) from D-mannitol (12%, 10 steps) and by Lovey and Copper for the racemic synthesis (17%, 5 steps)

Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers

Abstract Although polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used materials in additive manufacturing, its mechanical properties are quite limiting for its practical application, therefore, to improve these properties it is frequent to add fibers and, in this way, create a more resistant composite material. In this paper, the authors developed PLA composites reinforced with flax fibers to evaluate the improvement of tensile and flexural strength. The experimental design of experiments was based on the L18 Taguchi array where the control factors were the extruder temperature (three levels), number of strands (three levels), infill percentage of the specimens (three levels), and whether the flax fiber had surface chemical treatment. The tensile and flexural specimens were made on a 3D printing machine and was a mold was developed to fix and align the fiber strands during the printing process. The tensile and flexural experimental tests were performed in agreement with ASTM D638.14 and ISO 14125 standards, respectively. Analyzing the results, it was verified that the surface chemical treatment (NaOH) of the fiber did not show any influence in the mechanical properties of the composites; in contrast, the infill density demonstrated a huge influence for the improvement of mechanical strength. The maximum values of tensile and bending stress were 50 MPa and 73 MPa, respectively. The natural fiber reinforcement can improve the mechanical properties of the PLA composites.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

T.08 - Engrenagens de parafuso sem-fim

Neste documento aborda-se o tema das engrenagens de parafuso sem-fim, o qual é lecionado no âmbito da unidade curricular Órgãos de Máquinas II, do curso de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade do Minho. Com efeito, inicia-se este assunto com uma breve introdução, após a qual se apresenta o estudo relativo à geração do dente. Seguidamente faz-se uma breve referência aos perfis dos filetes deste tipo de engrenagens. De seguida apresenta-se a principal nomenclatura utilizada em engrenagens de parafuso sem-fim, apresentando-se o estudo da relação de transmissão. Seguidamente, estudam-se as principais relações geométricas a ter em consideração neste tipo de engrenagens. Depois dá-se particular relevo aos parâmetros de desempenho de engrenagens de parafuso sem-fim, nomeadamente a relação de condução e o rendimento. Finalmente, termina-se este documento com uma breve lista de questões de revisão de conhecimentos, assim como uma lista de referências bibliográficas

Tecnologias da geoinformação em estudos da dinâmica urbana

This paper explores the application of geoinformation techniques in urban dynamics models. The goal is to discuss the state of the art in order to achieve the advantages for integrating Cellular Automata (CA) models and Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) in Urban/Regional and Transportation Planning. Finally, this work concludes that the urban dynamics models needs to aggregate the geographic reference and the temporal scale in its conceptual and operational structure. Therefore, the geoinformation techniques become an essential instrument for reaching this precondition because they assemble spatial and temporal analysis through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with CA and MAS models

Bond Behavior between Recycled Concrete Containing CDW and Different Types of Steel Bars

The operation of reinforced concrete structures is directly associated with the adhesion between the steel bar and the concrete, which allows the internal forces to be transferred to the reinforcement during the process of loading the structural elements. The modification of the concrete composition, with the introduction of recycled aggregate from construction and demolition waste (CDW), affects the steel-concrete interface and can modify the bonding stress, which is also influenced by the type and diameter of the bar used. In this work, the influence of the recycled fine aggregate (RFA) and types of steel bar on the steel-concrete bond was experimentally evaluated using the pullout test. Conventional concrete and recycled concrete, with RFA replacement level of 25%, were produced. Two types of steel rebars (i.e.,plain and deformed) with diameters of 10.0 and 16.0 mm were considered in this paper. The results indicate a reduction in the adhesion stress with the introduction of recycled aggregate, but this trend is influenced by the diameter of the bar used. The use of ribbed bars modifies the stress bonslip behavior, with an increase in the average bond strength, which is also observed with the reduction of the diameter of the bar

Idade, origem e protólitos de granitos variscos de três áreas portuguesas

Publicação digital - Online em 5 Fev. 201