Estudo dos fatores que determinam a formação do capital social familiar em empresas familiares na região sul de Minas Gerais

ABSTRACTStudy of factors determining the formation of the family social capital in family enterprises in the southern region of Minas GeraisThe study identifies the factors that lead to the formation of family social capital in family businesses. To achieve this purpose the theory of social capital and family social capital was used as a theoretical basis. To this end, we conducted an exploratory survey of 120 family enterprises. A questionnaire was used to interview all entrepreneurs, and data were analyzed by factor analysis. The results are presented in two parts: first, to characterize the sample in relation to the profile of the respondent and the profile of the enterprise; and second, the presentation of the frequency of each of the assertions in the second part was made according to the factor analysis. Seven factors were found to be associated with family social capital: collaborative dialogue, family network, infrastructure morale, trust, ethical standards, own ideas, and external information channels. Family social capital is solidified by means of collaborative dialogue, which take root in the family and company ethical standards, resulting in what is called moral infrastructure — when the family and the company are aligned internally and externally. Conversely, the absence of collaborative dialogue generates authoritarianism on the part of the leaders and family members, privileging their own ideas, which was identified as contradictory to the development of family social capital

Toxicity of oil from Anacardium humile Saint Hill (Anacardiaceae), on Bemisia tuberculata (Bondar, 1923) (Hemipttera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava plants.

The aim was to evaluate the toxic effects of essential oil of Anacardium humile, in different concentrations, on survival and development of the whitefly Bemisia tuberculata on the cassava plants, Manihot esculenta Crantz. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at a temperature of 26±4º C. Twenty adults were confined in cages, which contained a leaf of cassava plant and removed after 24 hours. The oil was sprayed in the concentrations of the 0.006%, 0.05%, 0.8% and 2%, when the nymphs were attached to the leaves. Data was collected daily by counting nymphs, pseudopupae and adults and the passages of each stage. All treatments increased the juvenile phase. The mortality in the nymphal stage decreased with the oil concentration, respectively, 79.81 (2%), 77.89 (0.8%), 79.98 (0.05%) and 67.14% (0.006%). The total mortality of pseudopupae followed the same tendency. The essential oil from the leaves of A. humile is a supplier of molecule(s) insecticide(s) and causes a deleterious effect on B. tuberculata with increased of the the juvenile phase, nymphal and total mortality of pseudopupae

Proporção volumétrica dos componentes estruturais da placenta caprina ao longo da gestação

The goal of this research was to determine the volumetric proportions of the structural components of the goat placenta throughout gestation. We used nine goats of nondefined breed, separated into groups A, B and C, with 90, 120 and 150 days of gestation, respectively. From each animal fragments of three placentomes were obtained, one removed from the base, another from the middle part and the other from the end of the gestational uterine horn. The fragments were fixed in Bouin solution and histologically processed according to the standard techniques and stained with hematoxilin-eosin. Microscopically, a 25-point circular grid (Zeiss KPL ocular 6.3x with 25 points) was randomly used across the placentome to determine the volumetric proportion of the maternal and fetal connective tissue, syncytium, trophoblastic epithelium and binucleate cells. An increase of volumetric proportion of the syncytium was found at the end of gestation and also a decrease of volumetric proportion of fetal connective tissue in the same period.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as proporções volumétricas dos componentes estruturais da placenta caprina ao longo da gestação. Foram utilizadas nove cabras adultas sem raça definida, separadas em grupos A, B e C, com 90, 120 e 150 dias de gestação, respectivamente. De cada animal foram colhidos fragmentos de três placentomas, sendo um localizado na base do corno uterino, outro no terço médio e o último da extremidade. Os fragmentos foram fixados em solução de Bouin, processados segundo as técnicas rotineiras de inclusão em parafina e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina. Microscopicamente, uma ocular integradora (Ocular Zeiss KPL 6,3x com 25 pontos) foi aleatoriamente sobreposta sobre a secção do placentoma para a determinação da proporção volumétrica do tecido conjuntivo materno e fetal, do sincício, do epitélio trofoblástico e das células binucleadas. Foi observado aumento na proporção volumétrica do sincício ao final da gestação e diminuição do tecido conjuntivo fetal no mesmo período

Ametryn leaching on Red-Yellow Latosol and Red-Yellow Ultisol with different pH values

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o potencial de lixiviação do ametryn num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo e num Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo utilizados com pastagens no Brasil, com diferentes valores de pH. Para isso, foram avaliados 120 tratamentos (quatro solos associados a três intensidades de chuva e 10 profundidades), em parcela subdividida no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Colunas de PVC de 50 cm de comprimento por 10 cm de diâmetro foram preenchidas com os solos e umedecidas; em seguida, aplicou-se o herbicida e simularam-se chuvas no topo delas, nas intensidades especificadas de acordo com o tratamento. Após 72 horas, todas as colunas foram dispostas na posição horizontal e abertas longitudinalmente, coletando-se amostras dos solos a cada intervalo de 5 cm de profundidade, para posterior extração e quantificação do herbicida e análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência - CLAE. Posteriormente, no restante das amostras de solo, semeou-se ao longo de cada coluna a espécie indicadora Cucumis sativus. Concluiu-se que solos com baixo teor de matéria orgânica e/ou pH mais elevado apresentaram maiores índices de lixiviação do ametryn. Além disso, o método do bioensaio foi mais eficiente na confirmação da lixiviação do ametryn em comparação à CLAE.The objective of this work was to evaluate ametryn leaching potential in soil used for pasture in Brazil (Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA) and Red-Yellow Ultisol (PVA)) with different pH values. Thus, 120 treatments were evaluated (four soils related to three rainfall intensities and 10 soil column depths). The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design in split-plots and three replications. PVC columns of 10 cm diameter by 50 cm length were filled with the soil samples, moistened and placed upright for 48 hours to drain the excess water. The herbicide was applied and rainfall was simulated on top of the columns at intensities specified according to the treatment. After 72 hours, the columns were opened longitudinally, placed in a horizontal position and soil samples were collected at each 5 cm interval depth for posterior herbicide extraction and quantification by liquid chromatography (HPLC). The remaining soil columns were sown with the indicator species (Cucumis sativus) in the substrate along the opening to evaluate ametryn leaching. After 21days of emergence, evaluations were conducted to verify the intoxication symptoms caused by ametryn in the plants. It was concluded that soils with low organic matter content and/or higher pH showed higher ametryn leaching rates, and that the bioassay method was more efficient in confirming ametryn leaching than liquid chromatography

Digital planning for smile reconstruction with ceramic laminates: case report

The ceramic laminates gained space in Esthetic Dentistry due to conservative preparations, excellent optical properties, durability, and longevity. Additionally, the use of digital planning to assist the smile reconstruction also allows the outcome predictability. Objective: To present and discuss a clinical case of smile reconstruction with ceramic laminates using as esthetic planning the Digital Smile Design. Case report: A 25-year-old female reported dissatisfaction with her smile. After clinical and radiographic exam, Digital Smile Design was the method chosen, which enabled to verify the need for clinical crown augmentation and to construct the porcelain laminates for the maxillary anterior teeth. After the mock-up and the patient’s agreement, the treatment was performed. Results: A significant improvement in the esthetics of the planned smile, with approval of the patient was obtained. Conclusion: The digital planning for smile reconstruction with ceramic laminates proved to be an excellent tool to aid in this choice of treatment

Quality Attributes of Cupuaçu Juice in Response to Treatment with Crude Enzyme Extract Produced by Aspergillus japonicus 586

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) is an Amazonian Basin native fruit whose fruit pulp is consumed as a juice which presents high density, viscosity, and turbidity. Pectic enzymes, usually yielded by microorganisms, are used to reduce the juice viscosity and turbidity. The present study aims to evaluate the use of pectic enzymes when processing cupuaçu juice. The cupuaçu juice was obtained by using Aspergillus japonicus 586 crude enzyme extract and incubation at 50°C with agitation (140 rpm) for one hour. Enzyme activities were determined, and the juices were evaluated as to their yield, turbidity, viscosity, and chemical composition. The juice produced by using crude enzyme extract presented higher soluble solids, reducing sugars, and lower viscosity and turbidity

Is the algorithm used to process heart rate variability data clinically relevant? Analysis in male adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the algorithm used for the heart rate variability assessment (fast Fourier transform versus autoregressive methods) influenced its association with cardiovascular risk factors in male adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,152 male adolescents (aged 14 to 19 years). The low frequency, high frequency components (absolute numbers and normalized units), low frequency/high frequency ratio, and total power of heart rate variability parameters were obtained using the fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods, while the adolescents were resting in a supine position. RESULTS: All heart rate variability parameters calculated from both methods were different (p<0.05). However, a low effect size (<0.1) was found for all parameters. The intra-class correlation between methods ranged from 0.96 to 0.99, whereas the variation coefficient ranged from 7.4 to 14.8%. Furthermore, waist circumference was negatively associated with high frequency, and positively associated with low frequency and sympatovagal balance (p<0.001 for both fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods in all associations). Systolic blood pressure was negatively associated with total power and high frequency, whereas it was positively associated with low frequency and sympatovagal balance (p<0.001 for both fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods in all associations). Body mass index was negatively associated with high frequency, while it was positively associated with low frequency and sympatovagal balance (p values ranged from <0.001 to 0.007). CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in heart rate variability parameters obtained with the fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods in male adolescent; however, these differences are not clinically significant. OBJETIVO: Analisar se o algoritmo usado para avaliação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (transformada rápida de Fourier versus autoregressivo) influencia em sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular adolescentes do gênero masculino. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, que incluiu 1.152 adolescentes do gênero masculino (14 a 19 anos). Componentes de baixa e alta frequência (absolutos e unidades normalizadas), razão componente de baixa frequência/componente de alta frequência e poder total da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca foram obtidos em repouso, na posição supina, usando os métodos transformada rápida de Fourier e autorregressivo. RESULTADOS: Todos os parâmetros da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca para ambos os métodos foram diferentes (p<0,05). Entretanto, um pequeno tamanho do efeito (<0,1) foi observado para todos os parâmetros. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse entre os métodos variaram de 0,96 a 0,99, enquanto os coeficientes de variação foram de 7,4 a 14,8%. A circunferência abdominal foi negativamente associada com o componente de alta frequência, e positivamente associada com o componente de baixa frequência e o balanço simpatovagal (p<0,001 para a transformada rápida de Fourier e o autorregressivo em todas as associações). A pressão arterial sistólica foi negativamente associada com o poder total e o componente de alta frequência, enquanto foi positivamente associada com o componente de baixa frequência e o balanço simpatovagal (p<0,001 para a transformada rápida de Fourier e o autorregressivo em todas as associações). O índice de massa corporal foi negativamente associado com o componente de alta frequência, enquanto foi positivamente associado com o componente de baixa frequência e o balanço simpatovagal (valores de p variando de <0,001 a 0,007). CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferenças significantes nos parâmetros da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca obtidos com os métodos transformada rápida de Fourier e autorregressivo em adolescentes masculinos, mas essas diferenças não foram clinicamente significativas