Cuando Lisboa era moderna: a través de la vivienda colectiva del barrio de Alvalade entre 1947-1967

La localización de Portugal, pequeño país del extremo occidental y meridional de la Europa, el desplazamiento temporal y el atraso tecnológico tienen constituido factores determinantes en la definición de la arquitectura portuguesa: para bien y para mal. Aparentemente sin motivos benéficos, la verdad es que la presencia de estos factores ha desencadenado especificidades únicas en la arquitectura portuguesa, basada en la voluntad de crear metodologías tradicionales, pero seguras en su punto de vista formal y funcional. Por eso, podemos decir que esta producción a margen, sino que por eso sea menos cualificada, se afirma a través de un precurso con alguna solidez y continuidad, pero permeable a las influencias externas que él propio influencia. Este presente estudio pretende ser testigo de esta situación en un periodo histórico representativo: el movimiento moderno, limitando el área de investigación al contexto de la Vivienda Colectiva. A pesar de eso, el universo es lo de la arquitectura expandida a la ciudad y no reducida al objeto. Dibujar algunos guiones del camino de la vivienda colectiva de la arquitectura portuguesa, valorando su especificidad y originalidad es el objetivo

Post-WWII Modernism with a glaze: A comparison between Antwerp and Lisbon

Post World War II European modern housing often exhibited a Corbusian influence, but Le Corbusier was not embraced to the same extent everywhere, as noticed during exchanges between the University of Lisbon and the University of Antwerp in the ambit of the COST-Action 18137 on MCMH. While Belgium has several 1950s social housing projects, strongly indebted in its Unité d’habitation in Marseilles, Portugal does not. There, social housing architecture remained rather conservative, even though Corbusian features manifested themselves in some middle-class mass housing projects, such as the complex on Avenida Estados Unidos da América in Lisbon (1954-1966) designed by Lucínio Cruz, Alberto Ayres de Sousa and Mário Oliveira. While the housing blocks are on pilotis, they also have notable Art-Deco elements. In Belgium, free-standing modernist housing on pilotis with Art-Deco features also appears, such as the housing project at the Jan De Voslei in Antwerp designed by Jos Smolderen (1952-1967). These Modernist/Art-Deco hybrids have never been explored in depth because they are considered not radical enough. However, these cases shed light on how (older) architects mediated between traditional architecture and Modernism, between their own preferences and those of the state or housing company. They illuminate the political, social, and urban context in which these buildings were created. This paper explains why the principles Belgian architects applied to social housing were closer to Lisbon’s middle-class housing than their similar buildings for low-income housing. Based on cross-referencing archival material, legislation, on-site observations, and a study of the political, urban and social context, this paper posits a re-reading of Le Corbusier’s legacy in middle-class housing in Lisbon versus Antwerp

COVID-19 or threat of a nuclear war in Europe? A cross-sectional study of anxiety levels in adults living in Portugal

Background: Since 2019, Europe has experienced ongoing stressors with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian–Ukrainian War, which have had social, financial, physical, and psychological impacts. Studies suggest that anxiety, fear, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and other psychological disorders are common in such situations, and there is a need for more research on the impact of the war on mental health in Portugal. The main goal of the present study was to assess the impact of the fear of COVID-19 and anxiety related to nuclear war on the general anxiety levels of adult individuals living in Portugal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 using an online questionnaire built on the Google Forms platform. Portuguese-speaking male and female individuals aged 18 years or older, who provided informed consent and agreed to participate, were included. The outcome variable was defined using the Portuguese version of the GAD-7 scale, while the main predictors were the FCV-19S and the NWA Scale in Portuguese. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test associations between predictors and outcome variable. Results: The study included 1,182 participants, with a mean age of 46.5 (±11.7) years, mostly women (80.6%). The global mean GAD-7 score was 5.8 (±4.5) points, and 17.9% of the participants scored above the 10-point cutoff. Higher scores were found in both the FCV-19S and the NWA scale among participants with anxiety, as measured by both a 10-point cutoff (p < 0.001), and GAD-7 scale mean scores (p < 0.001). The study showed that fear of COVID-19 [OR of 1.133 (95%CI: 1.097–1.170)] and, at a lesser extent, nuclear war anxiety [OR of 1.020 (95%CI, 1.009–1.031)] contribute to anxiety in the general population. This is also true for those with a personal history of anxiety, revealed by multiple regression. Discussion: This study contributes to the research on COVID-19’s impact on anxiety and provides the first comprehensive assessment of nuclear war anxiety in Portugal. Results highlight the need for long-term care for anxiety, as prevalence is expected to increase due to the pandemic and war, even in non-conflict areas like Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recent developments on the thermal properties, stability and applications of nanofluids in machining, solar energy and biomedicine

In this review work, the recent progress made in the use of nanofluids (NFs) applied in three specific areas will be presented: machining, solar energy, and biomedical engineering. Within this context, the discussions will be guided by emphasizing the thermal and stability properties of these fluids. In machining, NFs play a prominent role in the processes of turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, being responsible for their optimization as well as improving the useful life of the tools and reducing costs. In the solar energy field, NFs have been used in the thermal management of the panels, controlling and homogenizing the operating temperature of these systems. In the biomedical area, the advantages of using NFs come from the treatment of cancer cells, the development of vaccines before the improvement of diagnostic imaging, and many others. In all lines of research mentioned in this study, the main parameters that have limited or encouraged the use of these fluids are also identified and debated. Finally, the discussions presented in this review will inspire and guide researchers in developing new techniques to improve the applications of NFs in several fields.This research was partially funded by the Portuguese national funds of FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) through the base funding from the following research units: UIDB/00690/2020 (CIMO), UIDB/04077/2020 (MEtRICs), and UIDB/00532/2020 (CEFT). The authors are also grateful for the funding of ANI and CIMO through the projects POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-069844 and CMFPE3- EXPL2021CIMO_01, respectively. The authors also acknowledge partial financial support from the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030171 (PTDC/EMD-EMD/30171/2017), PTDC/EME-TED/7801/ 2020 and EXPL/EME-EME/0732/2021 funded by the NORTE 2020 Portugal Regional Operational Programme, under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Herbicide retention by mulching in soybean, under no-tillage system

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a retenção pela palhada, das misturas imazaquin+pendimethalin e sulfentrazone+metribuzin, aplicadas em pré-emergência, no sistema de plantio direto de soja. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na sede do lAPAR em Londrina-PR, na safra 1998/99, utilizando-se palha de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa) como cobertura morta. O delineamento dos experimentos (em número de dois), foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas doses de herbicidas: zero; 0,5 N; N; 1,5 N e 2 N, sendo N a dose normal recomendada para a cultura (no caso, 150 g/ha de imazaquin + 1200 g/ha de pendimethalin e 350 g/ha de sulfentrazone + 360 g/ha de metribuzin). Utilizou-se a cultivar de soja FT-2000. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com pulverizador de precisão propelido a CO2, munido com barra de seis bicos Teejet Flat Spray em leque, 80.02, distanciados 50 em entre sí, vazão de 200 l/ha. Vinte e quatro horas após a aplicação dos herbicidas, os experimentos receberam 48,3 mm de lâmina de água. No dia seguinte, foram amostrados palha e solo em todas as parcelas para análise cromatográfica de resíduos. ôs resultados mostraram que a lâmina de água promoveu a lixiviação de praticamente todo o imazaquin da palha para o solo, o que não ocorreu com o pendimethalin, que ficou todo retido na palha. O sulfentrazone também foi lixiviado para o solo, sendo que 50% do metribuzin aplicado foi detectado no solo após a chuva. The objective of this trial was to study the mulch retention of the herbicide mixtures imazaquin + pendimethalin and sulfentrazone + metribuzin applied in pre-emergence for soybean under no-tillage system. The experiment was settled in Londrina-PR, Brazil, with black oat (Avena strigosa) mulch. A randomized complete block design was used. The treatrnents comprised the following rates of herbicides: zero, 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 1.5 N and 2.0 N (N=normal rate of the herbicide). ln the present study, N=150 g/ha imazaquin + 1200 g/ha pendimethalin and 350 g/ha sulfentrazone + 360 g/ha metribuzin. After twenty four hours ofherbicide applications, 48.3 mm ofwater was applied in the experiments. ln the next day, samples ofsoil and straw were taken for chromatographic analysis purposes. The results showed that 100% of imazaquin and sulfentrazone leached from the straw to the soil. Approximately 50% of metribuzin and 100% of pendimethalin were retained by the oat straw.

Herbicide retention by mulching in corn, under no-tillage system

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento das misturas metolachlor/atrazine e atrazine/isoxaflutole aplicadas em pré-ernergência no sistema de plantio direto de milho. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na safra 1998/ 99 na sede do IAPAR em Londrina, PR, utilizando-se palha de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa) como cobertura morta. O delineamento dos experimentos, foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas doses de herbicidas: zero, 0,5N, N, 1,5N e 2N, sendo N=dose normal recomendada para a cultura (2100/1400 g/ha de metolachlor/atrazine e 1660/68 g/ha de atrazine/isoxaflutole). Utilizou-se a cultivar de milho Braskalb XL 678. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com pulverizador de precisão propelido a CO2, munido com barra de seis bicos Teejet Flat Spray em leque, 80.02, distanciados 50 em entre si, com volume de calda de 200 Ilha. Vinte e quatro horas após a aplicação dos herbicidas, os experimentos receberam 20,0 mm de irrigação + 28,3 mm de chuva. No dia seguinte após a chuva, foram amostrados palha e solo em todas as parcelas para análise cromatográfica de resíduos. Os resultados mostraram que, após a chuva, foi detectada no solo a metade das doses aplicadas da mistura metolachlor/atrazine. No caso da mistura atrazine/isoxaflutole, 10% de atrazine e 30% do isoxaflutole foram detectados no solo.The objective ofthis trial was to study the reactions ofthe residual herbicide mixtures metolachlor plus atrazine and atrazine plus isoxaflutole applied in pre-ernergence for com under no-till system. The experiment was settled in Londrina, using black oat (Avena strigosa) mulch. A randomized complete block design was used. The treatments comprised the following rates ofherbicides: zero, 0.5N, 1.ON, I.5N and 2.0N (N=normal rate ofherbicide). In the present study, N=21 00 g/ha metolachlor + 1400 g/ha atrazine and 1660 g/ha atrazine + 68 g/ha isoxaflutole. Twenty four hours after herbicide applications, 48,3 mm ofwater was applied in the experiments . In the next day, samples of soil and straw were taken for chromatographic analysis purposes. The results showed that 50% of the metolachlor and atrazine leached from the straw to the soil. Approximately 10% of atrazine and 30% of isoxaflutole were detected in the soil after irrigation

A review of the advances and challenges in measuring the thermal conductivity of nanofluids

Fluids containing colloidal suspensions of nanometer-sized particles (nanofluids) have been extensively investigated in recent decades with promising results. Driven by the increase in the thermal conductivity of these new thermofluids, this topic has been growing in order to improve the thermal capacity of a series of applications in the thermal area. However, when it comes to measure nanofluids (NFs) thermal conductivity, experimental results need to be carefully analyzed. Hence, in this review work, the main traditional and new techniques used to measure thermal conductivity of the NFs are presented and analyzed. Moreover, the fundamental parameters that affect the measurements of the NFs’ thermal conductivity, such as, temperature, concentration, preparation of NFs, characteristics and thermophysical properties of nanoparticles, are also discussed. In this review, the experimental methods are compared with the theoretical methods and, also, a comparison between experimental methods are made. Finally, it is expected that this review will provide a guidance to researchers interested in implementing and developing the most appropriate experimental protocol, with the aim of increasing the level of reliability of the equipment used to measure the NFs thermal conductivity.This work has been funded by Portuguese national funds of FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) through the base funding from the following research units: UIDB/00532/2020, UIDB/04077/2020, UIDP/04077/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020. The authors are also grateful for the funding of FCT through the projects NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030171, PTDC/EME-TED/7801/2020, POCI-01-0145- FEDER-016861, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028159, funded by COMPETE2020, NORTE2020, PORTUGAL2020, and FEDER

Recent developments on the thermal properties, stability and applications of nanofluids in machining, solar energy and biomedicine

In this review work, the recent progress made in the use of nanofluids (NFs) applied in three specific areas will be presented: machining, solar energy, and biomedical engineering. Within this context, the discussions will be guided by emphasizing the thermal and stability properties of these fluids. In machining, NFs play a prominent role in the processes of turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, being responsible for their optimization as well as improving the useful life of the tools and reducing costs. In the solar energy field, NFs have been used in the thermal management of the panels, controlling and homogenizing the operating temperature of these systems. In the biomedical area, the advantages of using NFs come from the treatment of cancer cells, the development of vaccines before the improvement of diagnostic imaging, and many others. In all lines of research mentioned in this study, the main parameters that have limited or encouraged the use of these fluids are also identified and debated. Finally, the discussions presented in this review will inspire and guide researchers in developing new techniques to improve the applications of NFs in several fields.This research was partially funded by the Portuguese national funds of FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) through the base funding from the following research units: UIDB/00690/2020 (CIMO), UIDB/04077/2020 (MEtRICs), and UIDB/00532/2020 (CEFT). The authors are also grateful for the funding of ANI and CIMO through the projects POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-069844 and CMFPE3- EXPL2021CIMO_01, respectively. The authors also acknowledge partial financial support from the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030171 (PTDC/EMD-EMD/30171/2017), PTDC/EME-TED/7801/ 2020 and EXPL/EME-EME/0732/2021 funded by the NORTE 2020 Portugal Regional Operational Programme, under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT)

Percepção e Satisfação Corporal em Adolescentes e a Relação com a sua Saúde Oral

Introdução: A autopercepção e satisfação com a imagem corporal são factores preponderantes na autoaceitação dos adolescentes e entre os seus pares. Uma das muitas implicações da Saúde Oral na adolescência é, sem dúvida, a alteração da sua percepção corporal. Cada vez mais a melhoria da aparência se torna numa necessidade. As doenças orais têm consequências psicológicas, físicas e sociais na vida dos adolescentes. Os adolescentes, dependendo do seu sexo, valorizam de forma diferente a imagem corporal. Esta imagem é individual, subjectiva, dinâmica e sujeita às alterações referentes ao crescimento e desenvolvimento. Se o adolescente não se encontra satisfeito com a imagem, vai notar-se a repercussão na sua auto-estima. Um sorriso saudável favorece a auto estima, assumindo, assim, a saúde oral um importante relevo entre os factores que influenciam esse indicador. Neste contexto, este estudo tem como objectivo, avaliar a percepção e satisfação corporal em adolescentes e a relação com a sua saúde oral. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo levado a cabo numa amostra de 323 adolescentes (idade média = 13.58 anos; Sd = 1.459), dos quais 55.42% eram rapazes e 44.58% raparigas. Material: Questionário sobre saúde oral, Escala de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde Oral, (Slade & FriasBulhosa, 2003) e Escala de Evaluación de Insatisfacción Corporal en Adolescentes, (Grima, Landíver & Baile, 2003). Resultados: A maioria dos adolescentes tem alguma cárie (47.06%), 33.17% estão livres de cáries. A existência de cáries é maior nas raparigas (52.08%) que nos rapazes (43.02%). 86.07% dos adolescentes estão em situação de risco para o aparecimento de cáries, 13.93% apresentam risco baixo. O aparecimento de placa é visível a olho nú em 54.35% dos casos, (51.12% nos rapazes; 58.34% nas raparigas). Relativamente ao índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos ou Obturados (CPOD), A média foi 2.73 (SD=3.209) (a média das raparigas foi 3.18, e 2.36 nos rapazes). A maioria dos adolescentes (86.38%) considera que dentes saudáveis e bonitos são importantes para a imagem corporal; contudo, 12.07% dizem não atribuir importância a este factor. A QVRSO é boa para 60.06% dos adolescentes, fraca para 22.60% e 17.34% foi classificada como razoável, as raparigas estão mais satisfeitas (60.42%) que os rapazes (23.46%). A maioria dos adolescentes está bastante satisfeito com a própria imagem (82.04%), 2.79% está muito satisfeito e 15.17% não está satisfeito. As raparigas parecem mais satisfeitas com a sua imagem corporal (média = 89.88; SD = 23.533), que os rapazes (média = 77.446; SD = 13.418); (Rank Sun= 24539.50; U= 8429.500; Z= -5.344; p=.000). A satisfação corporal foi associada com a QVRSO, (r=.418; p=.000), mostrando que quanto melhor a QVRSO melhor a satisfação com a imagem corporal dos adolescentes. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a Saúde Oral deveria ser promovida para que a satisfação com a imagem corporal e a QVRSO dos adolescentes melhorassem