Health Behavior in a population with HIV/Aids

This is a descriptive exploratory research, with quantitative approach and transversal cut. The purpose was to identify behaviors in aged population HIV/Aids infected and also to analyze association with sex. Regarding the content, a tested and validated instrument was used. The variables were analyzed with qui-square and Fisher test. A hundred and nine individuals were interviewed. The results revealed them as sexually active (57,8%), heterosexual (85,5%), with fix partner (66,1%). They reported difficulty in using condoms (22,2% of men) due to erection issues; 97,2% referred not using drugs for sexual stimulation; 90, 8% of them reported not having used protection in sexual relations before being aware of the infection. It was concluded that the population were sexually active, and that they started using protection, in their sexual relations, after awareness of the infection.Estudo descritivo exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa e corte transversal, cujo objetivo foi identificar comportamentos de idosos portadores do HIV/Aids e analisar associação com sexo. Utilizou-se instrumento testado e validado quanto ao conteúdo. As variáveis foram analisadas pelos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Participaram cento e nove pessoas. Os resultados revelaram que eram sexualmente ativos (57,8%), heterossexuais (85,5%), com companheiro fixo (66,1%). Relataram dificuldade para utilizar o preservativo (22,2% dos homens) pelo comprometimento da ereção; 97,2% referiram não usar drogas para estimulação sexual; 90,8% afirmaram não ter usado proteção nas relações antes de se saberem infectados. Trata-se de população sexualmente ativa, que passou a utilizar proteção nas relações sexuais após saber da infecção.Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo y corte transversal, cuyo objetivo fue identificar comportamientos de una población de ancianos, portadora de HIV/Aids, y analizar asociación con género. Se utilizó un instrumento probado y convalidado en relación al contenido. Las variables fueran analizadas con testes de Qui-cuadrado y de Fisher. Ciento nueve pacientes fueron entrevistados. Los resultados revelaron una población sexualmente activa (57,8%); heterosexuales (85,5%); y con compañero fijo (66,1%). Relataron dificultad para uso del preservativo (22,2% de los hombres) por el compromiso con la erección; 97,2 % relataron no usar drogas para estimulación sexual; 90,8% afirman no haber usado protección en las relaciones antes de saber que estaban infectados. Concluimos que se trata de una población de personas sexualmente activas, que pasó a usar protección, en las relaciones sexuales, después de saber que estaban infectados.11011

[health Behavior In A Population With Hiv/aids].

This is a descriptive exploratory research, with quantitative approach and transversal cut. The purpose was to identify behaviors in aged population HIV/Aids infected and also to analyze association with sex. Regarding the content, a tested and validated instrument was used. The variables were analyzed with qui-square and Fisher test. A hundred and nine individuals were interviewed. The results revealed them as sexually active (57,8%), heterosexual (85,5%), with fix partner (66,1%). They reported difficulty in using condoms (22,2% of men) due to erection issues; 97,2% referred not using drugs for sexual stimulation; 90, 8% of them reported not having used protection in sexual relations before being aware of the infection. It was concluded that the population were sexually active, and that they started using protection, in their sexual relations, after awareness of the infection.65110-

Content validation of an instrument to characterize people over 50 years of age living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To present the development and validation of an instrument for characterizing people, aged 50 or over, who are carriers of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. METHODS: The content of the instrument, which was developed based on consulted literature and the professional experience of the researchers, was validated by seven experts. The validation was performed in two stages of evaluation, using the Kendall coefficient of concordance to evaluate, the first time, concordance among experts with regard to relevance, clarity, and completeness of content, and secondly, the adequacy and comprehensiveness. The Cochran test was used to evaluate the concordance regarding clarity, in the second evaluation. RESULTS: There was disagreement among the experts in the first evaluation, and after reformulation of the instrument, concordance was obtained in the second evaluation. CONCLUSION: The instrument for characterizing this population was validated against the content being used by researchers, and is now made available for use.OBJETIVO: Apresentar o desenvolvimento e a validação de um instrumento para caracterização de pessoas, com 50 anos ou mais, portadoras do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida. MÉTODOS: O conteúdo do instrumento, elaborado com base na literatura consultada e experiência profissional dos pesquisadores, foi validado por sete peritos. A validação foi feita em dois momentos de avaliação, utilizando-se o coeficiente de concordância de Kendall para avaliar no primeiro momento a concordância entre os juízes quanto à pertinência, clareza e abrangência do conteúdo e, no segundo, a pertinência e abrangência. O teste de Cochran foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância quanto à clareza, na segunda avaliação. RESULTADOS: Observou-se discordância entre os peritos na primeira avaliação e após a reformulação do instrumento, obteve-se concordância na segunda avaliação. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento para caracterização dessa população foi validado em relação ao conteúdo, sendo aplicado pelos pesquisadores e encontra-se disponível para utilização.OBJETIVO: Presentar el desarrollo y la validación de un instrumento para la caracterización de personas, con 50 años o más, portadoras del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/Síndrome de la Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida. MÉTODOS: El contenido del instrumento, elaborado con base en la literatura consultada y experiencia profesional de los investigadores, fue validado por siete peritos. La validación fue realizada en dos momentos de evaluación, utilizándose el coeficiente de concordancia de Kendall para evaluar en el primer momento la concordancia entre los jueces en cuanto a pertinencia, claridad y alcance del contenido y, en segundo, la pertinencia y alcance. El test de Cochran fue utilizado para evaluar la concordancia en relación a la claridad, en la segunda evaluación. RESULTADOS: Se observó discordancia entre los peritos en la primera evaluación y después de la reformulación del instrumento, se obtuvo concordancia en la segunda evaluación. CONCLUSIÓN: El instrumento para la caracterización de esapoblación fue validado en relación al contenido, siendo aplicado por los investigadores encontrándose disponible para su utilización.41

Testing a fault tolerant mixed-signal design under TID and heavy ions

This work presents results of three distinctradiation tests performed upon a fault tolerant data acqui-sition system comprising a design diversity redundancytechnique. The first and second experiments are Total Ion-izing Dose (TID) essays, comprising gamma and X-rayirradiations. The last experiment considers single eventeffects, in which two heavy ion irradiation campaignsare carried out. The case study system comprises threeanalog-to-digital converters and two software-based vot-ers, besides additional software and hardware resourcesused for controlling, monitoring and memory manage-ment. The applied Diversity Triple Modular Redundancy(DTMR) technique, comprises different levels of diversity(temporal and architectural). The circuit was designed ina programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC), fabricated in a130nm CMOS technology process. Results show that thetechnique may increase the lifetime of the system underTID if comparing with a non-redundant implementation.Considering the heavy ions experiments the system wasproved effective to tolerate 100% of the observed errorsoriginated in the converters, while errors in the process-ing unit present a higher criticality. Critical errors occur-ring in one of the voters were also observed. A secondheavy ion campaign was then carried out to investigatethe voters reliability, comparing the the dynamic cross sec-tion of three different software-based voter schemes im-plemented in the considered PSoC

Aguardente e cachaça brasileira, da história ao processamento moderno: A evolução da bebida artesanal a um produto de qualidade / Brazilian aguardente and cachaça, from history to modern processing: The evolution of artisanal drink to a quality product

O aumento do consumo de aguardente de cana e sua importância na economia do Brasil torna necessário que o processo de fabricação seja baseado em práticas criteriosas para obtenção de um produto padronizado. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve como objetivo abordar historicamente sobre características da produção de aguardente e cachaça frente as suas caracterizações físico-química e implicações na qualidade. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura narrativa. Com pesquisa nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed, SciELO e ScienceDirect. Foram selecionados estudos nacionais e internacionais, capítulos de livros, manuais digitais e a legislação brasileira relacionados com o objetivo do estudo no período de 1994 a 2020. A cachaça é um produto oriundo da cana-de-açúcar e vista como a primeira bebida destilada na América Latina. Ao longo dos anos a bebida esteve presente em vários episódios da História do Brasil. A segunda metade do século XX foi marcada pelo surgimento dos primeiros programas, organizações e legislações em apoio à produção e à comercialização da cachaça. O conhecimento da composição química da cachaça é importante para o controle de qualidade do produto e garantir a segurança dos consumidores. No entanto, a padronização pode ser um desafio devido às condições produtivas precárias dos pequenos produtores da bebida. As últimas três décadas têm sido marcantes na história da cachaça e atualmente o setor de bebidas alcoólicas vivencia no Brasil um momento promissor. A pesquisa mostra uma visão ampla da aguardente e cachaça no mercado de bebidas e sua importância econômica no Brasil, direcionando aos aspectos legais aplicados ao destilado processado e a importância do atendimento a critérios de qualidade. No entanto, estudos aprofundados sobre o processo produtivo são necessários para reconhecer aspectos relevantes à qualidade dessas bebidas.

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Generalidades sobre o quadro clínico da Rinossinusite: uma revisão narrativa de literatura: Generalities about the clinical picture of Rhinosinusitis: a narrative literature reviewv

A rinossinusite é um processo inflamatório da mucosa dos seios paranasais e da cavidade nasal. O sistema nasossinusal é responsável pelo balanço adequado entre a fabricação e o clearence de muco nas cavidades paranasais. A fisiologia deste é de vital importância para a proteção das vias aéreas superiores. No advém, determinados fatores podem acarretar um desbalanço nesse complexo, consequentemente um processo inflamatório. Qualquer fator que altere a drenagem, seja por obstrução, maior produção ou espessamento do muco, como processo infecciosos ou alérgicos, haverá uma impactação de secreções e a facilitação de colonização bacteriana, dando início ao processo infeccioso. A identificação da inflamação do nariz e seios paranasais é basicamente clínica. A suspeição desta ocorre através da manifestação de dois ou mais sintomatologias. As quais são o bloqueio ou obstrução nasal, a descarga nasal, pressão ou dor facial e redução ou perda do olfato. De modo geral, é essencial à prevenção básica das rinossinusites agudas é barrar a infecção viral. O suporte inclui medidas gerais de higiene, alimentação e hidratação, imunização para o combate de vírus respiratórios , administração de fármacos para turbinar o sistema imune se necessário

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt