Um muro de silêncio: a subnotificação do abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar / A wall of silence: the underreporting of intrafamilial child sexual abuse

Introdução: O abuso sexual infantil acontece no momento em que uma criança é coagida à atividade sexual. Cerca de 80% dos abusos são intrafamiliares, tornando esse tipo de violência um crime velado e de real prevalência desconhecida. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão literária baseada em artigos retirados das bases de dados SciELO e MedLine, por meio da consulta ao DeCs, através do descritor: abuso sexual infantil. Resultado: Foram selecionadas 4 fontes para serem utilizados como referencial para este artigo Discussão: Fatores como o medo de represálias, as ameaças do agressor, a falta de educação sexual, o medo de ser desacreditado e a falta de preparo profissional para o reconhecimento de tal crime favorecem a subnotificação do tipo de violência sexual mais comum contra crianças e adolescentes, a intrafamiliar. Conclusão: O abuso sexual é um crime velado. Evidencia-se a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a real prevalência e medidas de educação, prevenção e proteção para as vítimas

O papel do PET-CTI-UFABC em compartilhar conhecimento: aulas de Redação e Matemática preparatórias para o ENEM para alunos de escolas públicas do Grande ABC-SP.

The National High School Exam - ENEM is the opportunity for many young people to enter higher education. For this reason, PET - Science, Technology and Information at UFABC developed a course that met this demand. The course received about 500 enrollments, with 90 students selected, in order of enrollment, which was carried out using a specific form on the page PET-CTI and consisted of three classes with two hours for each axis (Writing and Mathematics) offered on Saturdays, at the Santo André campus of the Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, comprising theoretical classes and review exercises and simulation proposal at writing area.O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio - ENEM é para muitos jovens a oportunidade de ingresso no ensino superior, porém muitos alunos de escola pública apresentam dificuldades. Por isso, o PET – Ciência Tecnologia e Informação da UFABC elaborou um curso que atendesse a essa demanda, O curso recebeu cerca de 500 inscrições, sendo selecionados 90 alunos, por ordem de inscrição, a qual foi realizada por meio de formulário próprio na página do PET-CTI e foi composto por três aulas com duas horas para cada eixo (Redação e Matemática) ofertadas aos sábados, no campus Santo André da Fundação Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, compreendendo aulas teóricas e exercícios de revisão e proposta de simulado na área de redação

To be or not to B27 positive: implications for the phenotypes of axial spondyloarthritis outcomes. Data from a large multiracial cohort from the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis

Abstract Background There is a remarkable variability in the frequency of HLA-B27 positivity in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), which may be associated with different clinical presentations worldwide. However, there is a lack of data considering ethnicity and sex on the evaluation of the main clinical and prognostic outcomes in mixed-race populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HLA-B27 and its correlation with disease parameters in a large population of patients from the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE). Methods The RBE is a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort that enrolled patients with SpA from 46 centers representing all five geographic regions of Brazil. The inclusion criteria were as follow: (1) diagnosis of axSpA by an expert rheumatologist; (2) age ≥18 years; (3) classification according to ASAS axial. The following data were collected via a standardized protocol: demographic data, disease parameters and treatment historical. Results A total of 1096 patients were included, with 73.4% HLA-B27 positivity and a mean age of 44.4 (±13.2) years. Positive HLA-B27 was significantly associated with male sex, earlier age at disease onset and diagnosis, uveitis, and family history of SpA. Conversely, negative HLA-B27 was associated with psoriasis, higher peripheral involvement and disease activity, worse quality of life and mobility. Conclusions Our data showed that HLA-B27 positivity was associated with a classic axSpA pattern quite similar to that of Caucasian axSpA patients around the world. Furthermore, its absence was associated with peripheral manifestations and worse outcomes, suggesting a relevant phenotypic difference in a highly miscegenated population

ERICA: prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS:We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95%CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95%CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95%CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95%CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95%CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95%CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95%CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95%CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS:ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5. DESCRIPTORS:Adolescent. Obesity, epidemiology. Hypertension, epidemiology. Cross-Sectional Studies.OBJETIVO: Estimar as prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade e a fração atribuível populacional de hipertensão arterial devida à obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados dados dos participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes, estudo seccional l nacional de base escolar. A amostra foi dividida em 32 estratos geográficos e conglomerados de escolas e turmas, com representatividade nacional, macrorregional e de capitais. Obesidade foi classificada pelo índice de massa corporal segundo idade e sexo. Considerou-se hipertensão arterial a média da pressão arterial sistólica ou diastólica maior ou igual ao percentil 95 da curva de referência. Foram estimadas prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) de hipertensão arterial e de obesidade, nacionais e nas macrorregiões do País, por sexo e grupo etário, assim como as frações de hipertensão atribuíveis à obesidade na população. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 73.399 estudantes, 55,4% do sexo feminino, com média de idade 14,7 anos (DP = 1,6). A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi 9,6% (IC95% 9,0-10,3); sendo as mais baixas observadas nas regiões Norte, 8,4% (IC95% 7,7-9,2) e Nordeste, 8,4% (IC95% 7,6-9,2) e a mais alta na região Sul, 12,5% (IC95% 11,0-14,2). A prevalência de obesidade foi 8,4% (IC95% 7,9-8,9), mais baixa na região Norte e mais alta na Sul. As prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade foram maiores no sexo masculino. Adolescentes com obesidade tiveram prevalência de hipertensão arterial mais elevada, 28,4% (IC95% 25,5-31,2), do que aqueles com sobrepeso, 15,4% (IC95% 13,8-17,0), ou eutróficos, 6,3% (IC95% 5,6-7,0). A fração de hipertensão arterial atribuível à obesidade foi de 17,8%. CONCLUSÕES: O ERICA foi o primeiro estudo brasileiro com representatividade nacional a estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial aferida em adolescentes. A fração da prevalência de hipertensão arterial atribuível à obesidade mostrou que cerca de 1/5 dos hipertensos poderiam não ser hipertensos se não fossem obesos. DESCRITORES: Adolescente. Obesidade, epidemiologia. Hipertensão, epidemiologia. Prevalência. Estudo Transversal

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data