Estratégias educativas para prevenção de incidentes em unidades intensivas

Objective: To map the educational strategies directed to health professionals for the prevention of incidents in intensive care units. Method: Integrative review carried out between April and May 2021 in the databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and CINAHL. Included studies published between 2016 and 2021 in English, Spanish and Portuguese full texts. Excluded abstracts, editorials, theses and dissertations. Used as descriptors: "health personnel", "continuing education", "medical error", patient safety" and "intensive care units" with Boolean operator "AND" and "OR". The data were organized in a table from the journal, qualis, authors, year of publication, title and educational actions. The contents were compared and grouped by similarity. Results: Educational actions such as training, protocols, classes with interactive discussions, targeted professional support, use of short text messages, videos and playful activity were identified. Conclusion: There was a predominance of educational activities in the traditional way such as training, classes and videos with little interaction of the professional.Objetivo: Mapear las estrategias educativas dirigidas a los profesionales de la salud para la prevención de incidentes en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método: Revisión integradora realizada entre abril y mayo de 2021 en las bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF y CINAHL. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2016 y 2021 en textos completos en inglés, español y portugués. Se excluyen resúmenes, editoriales, tesis y disertaciones. Utilizados como descriptores: "personal de salud", "educación continua", "error médico", "seguridad del paciente" y "unidades de cuidados intensivos" con operador booleano "AND" y "OR". Los datos se organizaron en una tabla de la revista, qualis, autores, año de publicación, título y acciones educativas. Los contenidos fueron comparados y agrupados por similitud. Resultados: Se identificaron acciones educativas como capacitación, protocolos, clases con discusiones interactivas, apoyo profesional dirigido, uso de mensajes de texto cortos, videos y actividad lúdica. Conclusión: Hubo un predominio de actividades educativas de la manera tradicional como capacitaciones, clases y videos con poca interacción del profesional.Objetivo: Mapear as estratégias educativas direcionadas aos profissionais de saúde para a prevenção de incidentes em unidades de terapia intensiva. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada entre abril e maio de 2021 nas bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e CINAHL. Incluídos estudos publicados entre 2016 a 2021 nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português com textos completos. Excluídos resumos, editoriais, teses e dissertações. Utilizados como descritores: “pessoal de saúde”, “educação continuada”, “erro médico”, segurança do paciente”e “unidades de terapia intensiva” com operador booleano “AND” e “OR”. Os dados foram organizados em uma tabela a partir do periódico, qualis, autores, ano de publicação, título e acões educativas. Os conteúdos foram comparados e agrupados por similaridade. Resultados: Foram identificadas ações educativas como treinamentos, protocolos, aulas com discussões interativas, apoio profissional direcionado, uso de mensagens de texto curtas, vídeos e atividade lúdica. Conclusão: Observou-se predominância de atividades educativas da forma tradicional como treinamento, aulas e vídeos com pouca interação do profissional

Revolta da Vacina: leitura iconográfica da capa da Revista da Semana (1904)

Objetivo: Analisar os elementos simbólicos na capa da Revista da Semana de 1904 sobre a Revolta da Vacina como meio de leitura imagética de um movimento social e sanitário. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que utilizou como abordagem as primeiras fases de análise das noções de Erwin Panofsky, pré-iconográfica e iconográfica. Resultados: A Revolta da Vacina retratada na capa da Revista da Semana de outubro de 1904 mostra a imposição do governo de medidas sanitárias e da participação popular na luta contra essas propostas abusivas e verticais com o discurso de prevenção de risco. Conclusão: Com esse estudo, foi possível fazer um aprofundamento acerca de dois personagens que são representantes opostos dentro de uma sociedade marcada por determinantes, disparidades sociais e com políticas que não favoreciam a realidade econômica e sanitária vivenciada; e também retratava a relação de poder vigente na época em que foram implementadas medidas que culminaram no movimento da Revolta da Vacina.Objetivo: Analizar los elementos simbólicos en la portada de la Revista da Semana 1904 en la Revuelta de la Vacuna como medio de lectura de imágenes de un movimiento social y de la salud. Método: Se trata de una investigación documental que utiliza para acercarse a las primeras etapas del análisis de los conceptos de Erwin Panofsky, pre-iconográfico e iconográfico. Resultados: La Revuelta de la Vacuna representada en la portada de la revista Semana de Octubre 1904 muestra la imposición por parte del gobierno de las medidas sanitarias y la participación popular en la lucha contra estas propuestas abusivas y verticales con la imposición de la prevención de riesgos. Conclusión: En este estudio, se realizó un análisis en profundidad alrededor de dos personajes que son representantes opuestos dentro de una sociedad marcada por las desigualdades, y las políticas sociales decisivas que no contemplan la realidad económica y la de la salud como experiencia; y también estableciendo la relación de las tendencias del momento se llevaron a cabo las medidas que dieron como resultado el denominado: “movimiento de la Revuelta de la Vacuna o Rebelión de la Vacuna”.Objective: Analyze the symbolic elements on the cover of the 1904 of Revista da Semana on Vaccine Revolt as a means of imaging a social and sanitary movement. Method: This is a documental research that has utilized as a subject the preliminary phases of Erwin Panofsky's notions, pre iconographic and iconographic. Results: The vaccine's uprising portrayed on the cover of the magazine of the week of 1904 shows the imposition of sanitary measures by the government and the popular participation in the struggle against these abusive and vertical proposals with the risk prevention's speech. Conclusion: With this study it was possible to do a deepening about two characters who are opposite representatives in a society marked by determinants, social disparateness and politics that didn't assist the health and economical reality. And it also portrayed the power relationship in force at the time steps that culminated in the movement of Vaccine Revolt were implemented

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Educational strategies for the prevention of incidents in intensive care units

Objetivo: Mapear las estrategias educativas dirigidas a los profesionales de la salud para la prevención de incidentes en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método: Revisión integradora realizada entre abril y mayo de 2021 en las bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF y CINAHL. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2016 y 2021 en textos completos en inglés, español y portugués. Se excluyen resúmenes, editoriales, tesis y disertaciones. Utilizados como descriptores: "personal de salud", "educación continua", "error médico", "seguridad del paciente" y "unidades de cuidados intensivos" con operador booleano "AND" y "OR". Los datos se organizaron en una tabla de la revista, qualis, autores, año de publicación, título y acciones educativas. Los contenidos fueron comparados y agrupados por similitud. Resultados: Se identificaron acciones educativas como capacitación, protocolos, clases con discusiones interactivas, apoyo profesional dirigido, uso de mensajes de texto cortos, videos y actividad lúdica. Conclusión: Hubo un predominio de actividades educativas de la manera tradicional como capacitaciones, clases y videos con poca interacción del profesional.Objetivo: Mapear as estratégias educativas direcionadas aos profissionais de saúde para a prevenção de incidentes em unidades de terapia intensiva Método: Revisão integrativa realizada entre abril e maio de 2021 nas bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e CINAHL. Incluídos estudos publicados entre 2016 a 2021 nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português com textos completos. Excluídos resumos, editoriais, teses e dissertações. Utilizados como descritores: “pessoal de saúde”, “educação continuada”, “erro médico”, segurança do paciente”e “unidades de terapia intensiva” com operador booleano “AND” e “OR”. Os dados foram organizados em uma tabela a partir do periódico, qualis, autores, ano de publicação, título e acões educativas.Os conteúdos foram comparados e agrupados por similaridade. Resultados: Foram identificadas ações educativas como treinamentos, protocolos, aulas com discussões interativas, apoio profissional direcionado, uso de mensagens de texto curtas, vídeos e atividade lúdica.Conclusão: Observou-se predominância de atividades educativas da forma tradicional como treinamento, aulas e vídeos com pouca interação do profissional.Objective: To map the educational strategies directed to health professionals for the prevention of incidents in intensive care units. Method: Integrative review carried out between April and May 2021 in the databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and CINAHL. Included studies published between 2016 and 2021 in English, Spanish and Portuguese full texts. Excluded abstracts, editorials, theses and dissertations. Used as descriptors: "health personnel", "continuing education", "medical error", patient safety" and "intensive care units" with Boolean operator "AND" and "OR". The data were organized in a table from the journal, qualis, authors, year of publication, title and educational actions. The contents were compared and grouped by similarity. Results: Educational actions such as training, protocols, classes with interactive discussions, targeted professional support, use of short text messages, videos and playful activity were identified. Conclusion: There was a predominance of educational activities in the traditional way such as training, classes and videos with little interaction of the professional

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research