FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 – VISÃO DOS DOCENTES DA REDE PÚBLICA DE ENSINO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL

Este texto discute o curso Produção de material didático- práticas sociais, design e proposta metodológica, oferecido pela Escola de Aperfeiçoamento dos Professores (EAPE-DF), tendo como pano de fundo o trabalho remoto em situação de Pandemia. São trazidas algumas considerações dos professores cursistas, examinando o percurso do curso em visitação que focaliza quatro categorias: duração, plataforma, conteúdo e aplicabilidade. Procuramos relacionar essas categorias com a situação proposta pelo curso de viabilizar aos docentes a aquisição de ferramentas tecnológicas na confecção de uma atividade – material didático – seguindo o princípio da transversalidade dentro da proposição de inserir numa única atividade quatro desafios. O estudo é fundamentado na Teoria Crítica e na Pedagogia Histórico-crítica. Como metodologia utilizamos aplicação de questionário, por meio do Google formulário enviado via WhatsApp para coordenadores e gestores de escolas públicas para que eles compartilhassem com seus grupos de professores. Alguns dos aspectos revelados pelo estudo são: para a maioria dos profissionais o curso não restringe a autonomia do professor; o tempo de formação não foi suficiente; o curso não contemplou os objetivos propostos e nem as necessidades dos professores para realizar o atendimento remoto; não atendeu satisfatoriamente as necessidades tecnológicas dos cursistas, embora a maioria afirme não ter tido dificuldade na realização da atividade final exigida pelo curso

Stocks and fractions of organic carbon in an Oxisol under different management systems

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os efeitos de sistemas de manejo do solo sobre os estoques e as frações de carbono orgânico de um Latossolo Amarelo, no cerrado do Piauí. Foram avaliados os sistemas: plantio convencional por três anos; plantio direto por três e cinco anos, com uso de milheto como cultivo de cobertura; e plantio direto por nove anos, dos quais sete com uso de milheto e dois com forrageira (Urochloa brizantha). Utilizou-se área de cerrado nativo como referência. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nos períodos chuvoso e seco, das camadas de 0,00–0,05, 0,05–0,10, 0,10–0,20 e 0,20–0,40 m, para determinação de: estoques e totais de carbono orgânico e nitrogênio; teores de substâncias húmicas; e índice de humificação. Na camada de 0,00–0,05 m, em ambos os períodos, foram observados os maiores teores de carbono no solo sob cerrado. No entanto, nos dois períodos e nas quatro profundidades, verificaram-se os maiores estoques de carbono e nitrogênio bem como os maiores teores de substâncias húmicas nos solos sob plantio direto por cinco e nove anos. Os maiores índices de humificação também foram observados nesses solos, no período seco. O plantio direto, associado ao uso de cultivos de cobertura, diminui a mineralização da matéria orgânica do solo, estoca carbono no solo em profundidade e favorece o sequestro de carbono em áreas do cerrado do Piauí.The objective of this work was to determine the effects of soil management systems on the stocks and fractions of organic carbon of an Oxisol (Xantic Ferralsol), in the cerrado of the state of Piauí, Brazil. The following systems were evaluated: a three‑year‑old conventional tillage; a three‑ and a five‑year‑old no‑tillage system, using millet as cover crop; and a nine‑year‑old no‑tillage, using millet as cover crop for seven and forage (Urochloa brizantha) for two years. A native cerrado area was used as a reference. Soil samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons from 0.00–0.05, 0.05–0.10, 0.10–0.20, and 0.20–0.40 m depths for determining: total organic carbon and nitrogen contents and stocks; humic substances content; and humification index. The highest carbon contents were observed in the soil under cerrado, at 0.00–0.05 m depth, in both seasons. However, the highest stocks of carbon and nitrogen as well as the highest contents of humic substances were verified in the soil with no‑tillage system for five and nine years, in both seasons, at all evaluated depths. The highest humification index was also observed in these soils, in the dry season. No‑tillage associated with cover crops decreases soil organic matter mineralization, increases soil carbon stocks in depth, and favors carbon sequestration in cerrado areas of Piauí state

Biomicroscopia ultrassônica após procedimentos cirúrgicos paliativos na ceratopatia bolhosa: estudo comparativo descritivo

Purpose:To describe quantitative and qualitative features of eyes with advanced bullou keratopathy assessed using ultrasound biomicroscopy, before and after anterior stromal puncture (ASP) or amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) procedures to relieve chronic pain.Methods:The present descriptive comparative study included 40 eyes of 40 patients with chronic intermittent pain due to bullous keratopathy who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments (AMT or ASP). Ultrasound biomicroscopy (Humphrey, UBM 840, 50 MHz transducer, immersion technique) was used, and a questionnaire about pain intensity was completed preoperatively and postoperatively at days 90 and 180, respectively. Exclusion criteria were age<18 years, presence of concurrent infection, ocular hypertension, and absence of pain.Results:In a 180-day follow-up, the AMT group exhibited mean central corneal thicknes (CCT), 899.4 µm preoperatively and 1122.5 µm postoperatively (p<0.001); mean epithelial thickness (ET), 156.4 µm preoperatively and 247.8 µm postoperatively (p<0.001); and mean stromal thickness (ST), 742.9 µm preoperatively and 826.3 µm postoperatively (p=0.005). The ASP group exhibited mean CCT, 756.7 µm preoperatively and 914.8 µm postoperatively (p<0.001); mean ET, 102.1 µm preoperatively and 245.2 µm postoperatively (p<0.001); and mean ST, 654.6 µm preoperatively and 681.5 µm postoperatively (p<0.999). Correlations between CCT and pain intensity in the AMT group (p=0.209 pre- and postoperatively) and the ASP group (p=0.157 preoperatively and p=0.426 at the 180-day follow-up) were not statistically significant. Epithelial and stromal edema, Descemet’s membrane folds, epithelial bullae, and the presence of interface fluid were frequently observed qualitative features.Conclusion:CCT increased over time in both groups. The magnitude of CCT did not correlate with pain intensity in the sample studied. The presence of interface fluid was a qualitative feature specifically found in some patients who underwent AMT.Objetivo:Descrever as características quantitativas e qualitativas da biomicroscopia ultrassônica (UBM) em olhos com ceratopatia bolhosa avançada, antes e após o procedimentos de punção estromal anterior (ASP) ou transplante de membrana amniótica (AMT) para alívio de dor crônica.Métodos:Estudo comparativo descritivo incluindo 40 olhos de 40 pacientes com dor crônica intermitente devido a ceratopatia bolhosa, randomizados em duas modalidades de tratamento (AMT e ASP). Biomicroscopia ultrassônica (Humphrey, UBM 840, transdutor de 50 MHz, técnica de imersão) foi utilizada, e um questionário de avaliação da intensidade da dor foi aplicado no pré-operatório, e após 90 e 180 dias de pós-operatório. Critérios de exclusão foram: idade abaixo de 18 anos, presença de infecção, hipertensão ocular, e ausência de dor.Resultados:No seguimento de 180 dias, o grupo Transplante de membrana amniótica apresentou: média da espessura corneana central (CCT): 899,4 µm (pré), 1.122,5 µm (pós-operatório) (p<0,001); média da espessura epitelial (ET): 156,4 µm (pré), 247,8 µm (pós-operatório) (p<0,001); média da espessura estromal (ST): 742,9 µm (pré), 826,3 µm (pós-operatório) (p=0,005), e, grupo ASP apresentou: CCT média: 756.7 µm (pré), 914,8µm (pós-operatório) (p<0,001); ET média: 102,1 µm (pré), 245,2 µm (pós-operatório) (p<0,001); ST média: 654,6 µm (pré), 681.5 µm (pós-operatório) (p<0,999). A correlação entre intensidade da dor e espessura corneana central no grupo AMT (p=0,209 pré e pós-operatórios) e no grupo ASP (p=0,157 pré-operatório e p=0,426 aos 180 dias de seguimento) não foi significativa. Edema epitelial e estromal, dobras na membrana de Descemet, bolha epiteliais, e presença de fluido na interface foram características qualitativa frequentemente observadas.Conclusão:A espessura corneana central aumentou ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos. A magnitude da espessura corneana central não interfere na intensidade da dor na amostra estudada. Presença de fluido na interface foi uma característica qualitativa especificamente encontrada em alguns pacientes submetidos a transplante de membraa amniótica.Foundation for Support to Research of Sao Paulo State, (FAPESP)Federal University of São Paulo Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUNIFESP, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences2001/07036-3SciEL

Biological effects of trans, trans-farnesol in Leishmania amazonensis

IntroductionFarnesol, derived from farnesyl pyrophosphate in the sterols biosynthetic pathway, is a molecule with three unsaturations and four possible isomers. Candida albicans predominantly secretes the trans, trans-farnesol (t, t-FOH) isomer, known for its role in regulating the virulence of various fungi species and modulating morphological transition processes. Notably, the evolutionary divergence in sterol biosynthesis between fungi, including Candida albicans, and trypanosomatids resulted in the synthesis of sterols with the ergostane skeleton, distinct from cholesterol. This study aims to assess the impact of exogenously added trans, trans-farnesol on the proliferative ability of Leishmania amazonensis and to identify its presence in the lipid secretome of the parasite.MethodsThe study involved the addition of exogenous trans, trans-farnesol to evaluate its interference with the proliferation of L. amazonensis promastigotes. Proliferation, cell cycle, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial functionality were assessed as indicators of the effects of trans, trans-farnesol. Additionally, lipid secretome analysis was conducted, focusing on the detection of trans, trans-farnesol and related products derived from the precursor, farnesyl pyrophosphate. In silico analysis was employed to identify the sequence for the farnesene synthase gene responsible for producing these isoprenoids in the Leishmania genome.ResultsExogenously added trans, trans-farnesol was found to interfere with the proliferation of L. amazonensis promastigotes, inhibiting the cell cycle without causing DNA fragmentation or loss of mitochondrial functionality. Despite the absence of trans, trans-farnesol in the culture supernatant, other products derived from farnesyl pyrophosphate, specifically α-farnesene and β-farnesene, were detected starting on the fourth day of culture, continuing to increase until the tenth day. Furthermore, the identification of the farnesene synthase gene in the Leishmania genome through in silico analysis provided insights into the enzymatic basis of isoprenoid production.DiscussionThe findings collectively offer the first insights into the mechanism of action of farnesol on L. amazonensis. While trans, trans-farnesol was not detected in the lipid secretome, the presence of α-farnesene and β-farnesene suggests alternative pathways or modifications in the isoprenoid metabolism of the parasite. The inhibitory effects on proliferation and cell cycle without inducing DNA fragmentation or mitochondrial dysfunction raise questions about the specific targets and pathways affected by exogenous trans, trans-farnesol. The identification of the farnesene synthase gene provides a molecular basis for understanding the synthesis of related isoprenoids in Leishmania. Further exploration of these mechanisms may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against Leishmania infections

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio